• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제24권6호
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• pp.709-725
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• 2006

In this paper the buckling and post-buckling behavior of slender bars under self-weight are studied. In order to study the post-buckling behavior of the bar, a geometrically exact formulation for the non-linear analysis of uni-directional structural elements is presented, considering arbitrary load distribution and boundary conditions. From this formulation one obtains a set of first-order coupled nonlinear equations which, together with the boundary conditions at the bar ends, form a two-point boundary value problem. This problem is solved by the simultaneous use of the Runge-Kutta integration scheme and the Newton-Raphson method. By virtue of a continuation algorithm, accurate solutions can be obtained for a variety of stability problems exhibiting either limit point or bifurcational-type buckling. Using this formulation, a detailed parametric analysis is conducted in order to study the buckling and post-buckling behavior of slender bars under self-weight, including the influence of boundary conditions on the stability and large deflection behavior of the bar. In order to evaluate the quality and accuracy of the results, an experimental analysis was conducted considering a clamped-free thin-walled metal bar. As this kind of structure presents a high index of slenderness, its answers could be affected by the introduction of conventional sensors. In this paper, an experimental methodology was developed, allowing the measurement of static or dynamic displacements without making contact with the structure, using digital image processing techniques. The proposed experimental procedure can be used to a wide class of problems involving large deflections and deformations. The experimental buckling and post-buckling behavior compared favorably with the theoretical and numerical results.

• 대한조선학회 특별논문집
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• 대한조선학회 2005년도 특별논문집
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• pp.15-21
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• 2005

In this paper, the procedure of generation and application of nonlinear wave loads for structural design of large container carrier was described. Ship motion and wave load was calculated by modified strip method. Pressure acting on wetted hull surface was calculated taking into account of relative hull motion to the wave. Design wave height was determined based on the most sensitive wave length considering rule vertical wave bending moment at head sea or fellowing sea condition. And the enforced heeling angie concept which was introduced by Germanischer Lloyd (GL) classification had been used to simulate high torsional moment in way of fore hold parts similar to actual sea going condition. Using wave load generated from this dynamic load calculation, FE analyses were performed. With this result, yielding, buckling, hatch diagonal deflection and fatigue strength of hatch corners were reviewed based on the requirement of GL classification. The results of FE analysis show good compatibility with GL classification.

• 한국강구조학회 논문집
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• 제26권6호
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• pp.523-535
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• 2014

현 내진기준의 근간인 역량설계법(capacity design)에 의할 때, 중심가새골조의 내진설계는 기둥 및 보부재는 탄성부재로, 가새부재는 반복적인 인장과 압축을 통해 지진에너지를 소산하는 비탄성 부재로 설계되어야 한다. 가새부재는 에너지를 소산하는 과정에서 기둥부재에 추가적인 축력을 유입시키므로, 이 추가 축력을 고려하여 기둥부재를 탄성설계해야 한다. 현행 기준은 중심가새골조의 기둥부재 설계시 전층의 가새가 동시에 인장항복 및 좌굴하는 가장 보수적인 상황을 가정하여 기둥의 축력을 산정하거나 특별지진하중에 대해 기둥을 설계하는 방법을 제안하고 있다. 그러나 전층의 가새가 동시에 좌굴할 가능성은 희박하며, 특별지진하중에는 시스템 초과강도라는 경험적이고 우회적인 요소가 도입되었다는 한계가 있다. 이와 같은 문제점을 극복하기 위한 몇몇 선행 관련 연구들 역시 가새의 좌굴을 명시적으로 고려하지 못하였을 뿐더러 역학적 근거도 희박하다. 최근에 행해진 연구 중에서 역 V형 중심 가새골조를 대상으로, 기존의 기둥축력 산정법이 가지는 한계를 극복할 수 있는 새로운 기둥축력 산정법이 제안된 바가 있다. 하지만 역 V형 중심 가새골조와 X형 중심 가새골조의 하중전달 메커니즘은 상이하기 때문에 이 축력산정법을 X형 가새골조에 그대로 적용할 수는 없다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 X형 중심가새골조만의 역학적 특성을 고려한 네 가지의 기둥축력 산정법을 제안하였다. 특히 모달질량을 가중치로 고려하여 고차모드의 영향을 반영할 수 있는 새로운 방안을 제시하였다. 방대한 지진데이터를 입력으로 한 비선형 동적해석을 수행하여 제시된 방안의 타당성을 평가하였다.

• 한국정밀공학회지
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• 제15권12호
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• pp.28-36
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• 1998

This investigation is the result of a structural analysis by the finite element method and static loading test for the optimal structural design of an electric railway vehicle made of stainless 301L materials. We analyzed the stress and displacement of the existing electric car-body structure for predicting the position of concentrated stress, the flow of stress, rigidity to be occurred in the car-body structure when it is subjected to the vertical load. It was exposed that the side sills and window corners around the bolsters are the weak parts of the electric car-body structure because the bolsters of the electric car-body structure were subjected to the vertical load and dynamic load to be occurred during running. The flow of stress and the cause of stress concentration in the weak zone were studied in order to prevent the concentration of stress and buckling. The rearrangement of the structure and the selection of the beam elements were also carried out for optimum design of the structure.

• Smart Structures and Systems
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.67-84
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• 2008

The present contribution is concerned with the static and dynamic stability of a piezo-laminated Bernoulli-Euler beam subjected to an axial compressive force. Recently, an inconsistent derivation of the equations of motions of such a smart structural system has been presented in the literature, where it has been claimed, that an axial piezoelectric actuation can be used to control its stability. The main scope of the present paper is to show that this unfortunately is impossible. We present a consistent theory for composite beams in plane bending. Using an exact description of the kinematics of the beam axis, together with the Bernoulli-Euler assumptions, we obtain a single-layer theory capable of taking into account the effects of piezoelectric actuation and buckling. The assumption of an inextensible beam axis, which is frequently used in the literature, is discussed afterwards. We show that the cited inconsistent beam model is due to inadmissible mixing of the assumptions of an inextensible beam axis and a vanishing axial displacement, leading to the erroneous result that the stability might be enhanced by an axial piezoelectric actuation. Our analytical formulations for simply supported Bernoulli-Euler type beams are verified by means of three-dimensional finite element computations performed with ABAQUS.

• 한국소음진동공학회논문집
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• 제15권7호
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• pp.836-842
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• 2005

Nonlinear dynamic characteristics of active piezolaminated plates are investigated with respect to the thermopiezoelastic behaviors. For largely deformed structures with small strain, the incremental total Lagrangian formulation is presented based on the virtual work principles. A multi-field layer-wise finite shell element is proposed for assuring high accuracy and non-linearity of displacement, electric and thermal fields. For dynamic consideration of thermopiezoelastic snap-through phenomena, the implicit Newmark's scheme with the Newton-Raphson iteration is implemented for the transient response of various piezolaminated models with symmetric or eccentric active layers. The bifurcate thermal buckling of symmetric structural models is first investigated and the characteristics of piezoelectric active responses are studied for finding snap-through piezoelectric potentials and the load-path tracking map. The thermoelastic stable and unstable postbuckling, thermopiezoelastic snap-through phenomena with several attractors are proved using the nonlinear time responses for various initial conditions and damping loss factors. Present results show that thermopiezoelastic snap-through phenomena can result in the difficulty of buckling and postbuckling control of intelligent structures.

• 한국항공우주학회지
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• 제43권3호
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• pp.195-203
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• 2015

본 논문에서는 유한요소해석을 통하여 삼각형 태양돛에 대하여 동적거동을 연구하였다. 동적해석은 삼각형 태양돛 멤브레인에 인장하중이 가해졌을 때 발생되는 주름해석을 수행한 후, 이 상태에서 인장하중을 고정하고 모달해석을 수행하였다. 해석에서 주름 알고리즘을 채용한 멤브레인 요소법과 쉘 요소법의 두 가지 방법을 사용하였으며, 그 결과들을 수방법론적 관점에서 비교분석하였다. 주름을 고려하지 않은 경우에 대해서도 해석을 수행하여 동적특성 결과를 주름을 고려한 경우와 비교하였으며, 케이블 각도에 따른 영향에 대하여 체계적으로 조사하였다.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.285-302
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• 2017

Buckling-restrained braced frames (BRBFs) are commonly used as the lateral force-resisting systems in building structures in the seismic regions. The nearly-symmetric hysteretic response and the delayed brace core fracture of buckling-restrained braces (BRBs) under the axial cyclic loading provide the adequate lateral force and deformation capacity to BRBFs under the earthquake excitation. However, the smaller axial stiffness of BRBs result in the undesirable higher residual drift response of BRBFs in the post-earthquake scenario. Two alternative approaches are investigated in this study to improve the elastic axial stiffness of BRBs, namely, (i) by shortening the yielding cores of BRBs; and (ii) by reducing the BRB assemblies and adding the elastic brace segments in series. In order to obtain the limiting yielding core lengths of BRBs, a modified approach based on Coffin-Manson relationship and the higher mode compression buckling criteria has been proposed in this study. Both non-linear static and dynamic analyses are carried out to analytically evaluate the seismic response of BRBFs fitted with short-core BRBs of two medium-rise building frames. Analysis results showed that the proposed brace systems are effective in reducing the inter-story and residual drift response of braced frames without any significant change in the story shear and the displacement ductility demands.

• 한국구조물진단유지관리공학회 논문집
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• 제6권3호
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• pp.139-149
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• 2002

Explicit 직접적분법을 사용하여 충격하중을 받는 박판의 후좌굴거동을 해석할 수 있는 알고리즘을 제안하였다. von Karman의 대변위 판 이론과 Marquerre의 쉘 이론을 이용하여 유도한 직사각형 평판 유한요소는 박판의 초기처짐과 기하학적 비선형 거동을 고려할 수 있다. 중앙차분법을 바탕으로 해석 알고리즘을 개발하였고 이를 프로그램화 시켜, 하중형상과 재하시간이 다른 충격하중에 대하여 박판의 동적 좌굴거동을 해석 하였다. 수치해석 예제를 통하여 Explicit 직접적분법의 특성을 평가하였다.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제74권2호
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• pp.255-266
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• 2020

The main requirements of modern welded metal structures are the load-carrying capacity (safety), fitness for production, and economy. The primary objective of attaching longitudinal stiffeners is to improve the buckling strength of relatively thin compression panels. This paper gives several comparisons for stiffened plates with different loadings (static, dynamic), different shape of stiffeners (flat, L-shape, trapezoidal), different steel grades, and different welding technologies (SMAW, GMAW, SAW), different costs to show the necessity of a combination of design, fabrication and economic aspects. Safety and fitness for production are guaranteed by fulfilling the design and fabrication constraints. The economy is achieved by minimizing the cost function. It is shown that the optimum sizes depend on the welding technology, the material yield stress, the profile of the stiffeners, the load cycles and the place of the production.