• 대한인간공학회지
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• 제33권1호
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• pp.15-25
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• 2014

Objective: This study aims to analyze the factors that affect the ability to maintain dynamic sitting balance (DSB), biomechanical characteristics, and physical characteristics in spinal cord injuries (SCI) patients. Background: Virtual ski training systems, ski equipment, and training protocols for disabled skiers are being studied to spread awareness. However, few studies have been reported on the sitting balance ability associated with chair mono skiing. Method: A dynamic sitting balance border system was built to investigate the ability to maintain dynamic sitting balance in SCI patients. Trunk muscle activity was evaluated by electromyogram while conducting dynamic sitting balance tests. The trunk muscle strength was tested with a portable handheld dynamometer. Physical activity scores were measured with the physical activity recall assessment. Results: There were high levels of correlation between the ability to maintain DSB and trunk flexor strength, extensor strength, rotator strength, and physical activity score. However, height, weight, and injury level in SCI patients were not correlated with the ability to maintain DSB. Additionally, strong negative correlations were found between muscle activities of the external oblique and lumbar erector spinae muscles and the ability to perform the backward tilt test. Trunk extensor muscle activity during the ball lifting test was significantly higher than in other tests. Conclusion: The results indicate that improving trunk muscle strength and physical activity can increase the ability to maintain DSB. Application: The findings of a close relationship between trunk strength, physical activity, and the ability to maintain DSB need to be reflected in the chair mono ski training program.

• 대한정형도수물리치료학회지
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.61-69
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• 2022

Background: This study aimed to investigate the effect of maitland mobilization and mobilization with movement (MWM) applied to the ankle joint on ankle dorsiflexion range of motion (ROM), static and dynamic balance, plantar pressure, and gait ability. Methods: A total of 24 individuals were assigned to either the maitland mobilization group (n=12) or the MWM group (n=12). Dorsiflexion ROM, static and dynamic balance, plantar pressure, 10-meter walk test were measured before and 4 weeks after the intervention. Results: Both groups showed a significant difference in the evaluation after 4 weeks as the dorsiflexion ROM of the ankle increased (p<.05), and the sway length and sway area indicating static balance decreased (p<.05). Furthermore, the movement area showing dynamic balance showed a significant increase (p<.05), the plantar pressure difference between both feet significantly decreased (p<.05). In the 10-meter walk test, there was a significant difference as the time decreased (p<.05). However, no significant difference between the two groups was observed (p>.05). Conclusion: According to the results of this study where, maitland mobilization and MWM were applied to the ankle joint of hemiplegic patients for 4 weeks, we found no difference between the two groups. However, each technique was found to be effective for dorsiflexion ROM, static and dynamic balance, plantar pressure, and gait.

• 대한물리치료과학회지
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.18-26
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• 2004

The purpose of this study was to compare difference of the static and dynamic balance in normal subject and LBP subject and recognizes about postural sway. The subjects of this study included 30 normal subjects and 30 LBP subjects. By using Active balance system, the static balance was measured by unit path length, circumference area, weight bearing, stabilometry length, while the dynamic balance was measured by step evaluation. Statistically analyzed using independent t-test to search static balance and dynamic balance difference in two groups. Postural sway appeared greatly in patient group than normal group in analysis result of static balance and postural sway was big in patient group of when closed eye and normal group and patient group did show statistical significance in unit path length, circumference area. Weight support of normal group was shared equally in weight bearing rate, but weight support of patient group stewed less to pain side. Anterior step time and Task achieve time of dynamic balance were spent more in patient group than normal group. Desire to be used to useful information to lay treatment policy about set-up and action of when quantification result of valued postural balance treats low back pain patient by objective tool, in the fixture, more researches in postural estimation desire that is enforced abuzz.

• 한국임상보건과학회지
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• 제4권3호
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• pp.644-651
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• 2016

Purpose. This study was to investigate the change of dynamic balance and flexibility for normal group, using skater and sprinter exercise program of PNF pattern. Method. In this study it was participated twenty-one subjects. Experimental group worked skater and sprinter pattern exercise with Thera-band or without Thera-band each 40 times. Evaluation of dynamic balance and flexibility(using the Functional Reach Test and Fingertrip To Floor Test) were carried out before and after the exercise. Result. In dynamic balance it was observed to significant change except first measure and flexibility was observed to all measures significantly(p<.05). Conclusion. Skater and Sprinter pattern exercise is effective to improve for dynamic balance and flexibility. However, the experimental group is small sample size of normal adult. therefore, It should be carefully considered in generalizing the results to disabled person.

• Physical Therapy Rehabilitation Science
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• 제6권3호
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• pp.140-145
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• 2017

Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of visual block with ankle joint fatigue on gait and dynamic balance ability. Design: Cross-sectional study. Methods: Thirty healthy young adults (men=15, women=15) between 22 to 25 years of age voluntarily participated in this study. All subjects performed the gait and dynamic balance test successively in two conditions: the visual block and the open eyes condition. Before the gait and dynamic balance test, muscle fatigue on the ankle joint was induced to all subjects by doing ankle dorsiflexion and plantarflexion alternately, and then gait parameters (step length, stride length, cadence, velocity, single limb support, and double limb support) were assessed by walking on the GAITRite system (CIR Systems Inc., USA). Subjects also performed the functional reach test (FRT) for assessment of dynamic balance. This study examined gait parameters and FRT scores in each visual block and open eyes condition. Results: The results showed that FRT scores with the visual block condition significantly decreased compared to without visual blocking (p<0.01). Step length, stride length, cadence, and velocity of gait parameters decreased significantly in the visual block condition (p<0.01) while there was no significant difference for single limb support. However, double limb support increased significantly in the visual block system (p<0.01). Conclusions: Therefore, blocking of visual information with muscle fatigue of the ankle joint can affect gait and balance ability of young adults and increase the risk of falls.

• Physical Therapy Rehabilitation Science
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.88-93
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• 2018

Objective: Elevated cholesterol levels contribute to changes of the arterial endothelial permeability. Hyperlipidemia promotes atherosclerosis and is associated with an increased risk of stroke incidence. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of having a history of hyperlipidemia prior to a stroke incidence on postural balance, anticipatory dynamic postural control, gait endurance and gait performance in individuals with hemiparetic stroke. Design: Cross-sectional study. Methods: Fifty-two adults who were diagnosed with stroke 6 months ago or more were enrolled in this study. They were divided into two different groups according to hyperlipidemia history before stroke. All participants were assessed with the Activities-specific into Balance Confidence (ABC) scale, Berg Balance scale (BBS), Dynamic Gait Index (DGI), Timed Up and Go test (TUG), and the 6-minute walk test (6MWT). An independent t-test was used to analyze the difference between the hyperlipidemia group and non-hyperlipidemia group. Results: After analysis, the BBS, TUG, and 6MWT scores were significantly different between the hyperlipidemia and non-hyperlipidemia group, but not the ABC and DGI scores. Conclusions: The results of this study show that having a history of hyperlipidemia before stroke affects static and dynamic postural balance performance, anticipatory dynamic postural balance, and gait endurance in individuals with chronic hemiparetic stroke. Based on the results of this study, we also suggest treatment for hyperlipidemia should be implemented throughout the therapeutic interventions, such as pharmacological or exercise programs, in order to restore the physical function of stroke survivors.

• Physical Therapy Rehabilitation Science
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• 제5권4호
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• pp.198-204
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• 2016

Objective: The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of hip joint exercise using an elastic band on dynamic balance, agility, and flexibility in healthy subjects. Design: Randomized controlled trial. Methods: Thirty-five subjects (between 19 and 23 years) were randomly allocated to two groups: hip flexion exercise (HFE) group (n=17) and the hip abduction exercise (HAE) group (n=18). The HFE group participated in flexion exercise of the hip joint using an elastic band for 50 minutes a day, three days a week for four weeks, while the HAE group participated in abduction exercises of the hip joint using an elastic band for the same period. Dynamic balance was measured using the timed up and go (TUG) test, agility was measured with the standing long jump, and flexibility was measured using the Schober's test (5 cm, 10 cm). Results: The HFE group showed significant differences in the TUG test, standing long jump, and the Schober's test (10 cm) after training (p<0.05). The HAE group showed significant differences in the TUG test, standing long jump and the Schober's test (5 cm, 10 cm) after training (p<0.05). However, there was no significant difference between the HFE group and the HAE group. Conclusions: Flexion and abduction exercises of the hip joint using and elastic band increased dynamic balance, agility, and flexibility in healthy subjects. Additional research on hip joint exercises using an elastic band for improving dynamic balance, agility and flexibility are necessary.

• 대한통합의학회지
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.159-168
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• 2023

Purpose : This study aimed to investigate how neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) affects the balance ability of patients who have undergone total knee arthroplasty owing to osteoarthritis. Methods : Thirty patients who had undergone total knee arthroplasty were randomized to an experimental group (n=15) and a control group (n=15). The experimental group received conventional physical therapy for 50 minutes and NMES treatment for 30 minutes, whereas the control group received conventional physical therapy for 50 minutes and active range of motion (AROM) exercises for 30 minutes. Within-group and between-group changes in static and dynamic balance ability before and after the 4-week intervention were analyzed. Results : In the within-group comparison, sway velocity in the center of gravity and total distance were significantly improved in both the experimental and control groups (p<.05), with no significant differences between the groups (p>.05). In the within-group comparison, both the experimental and control groups showed significant improvement in the functional reach test and movement velosity (p<.05). In the between-group comparison, the experimental group showed a significantly better improvement than the control group in the functional reach test (p<.05), but there was no significant difference in the movement velosity test (p>.05). Conclusion : In this study, NMES improved the static and dynamic balance in patients who had undergone total knee arthroplasty. Compared with AROM exercises, there was a greater effect on dynamic balance partially; however, the overall effect was similar. Therefore, NMES may be one option among various interventions to improve the balance ability in patients who have undergone total knee arthroplasty. In particular, this method may be effective when it is difficult to apply balance training for patients with total knee arthroplasty in a clinical setting.

• 한국전문물리치료학회지
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.23-33
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• 2014

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of walking on a treadmill while using dynamic functional electrical stimulation (Dynamic FES) on functional ability and gait in chronic stroke patients. This was a prospective, randomized controlled study. Twelve patients with chronic stroke (>24 months) who were under grade 3 in dorsiflexor strength with manual muscle test were included and randomized into intervention (Dynamic FES) ($n_1$=7) and control (FES) ($n_2$=5). Both the Dynamic FES group and FES group were given a neuromuscular development treatment. The Dynamic FES group has implemented a total of 60 minutes of exercise treatment and gait training with Dynamic FES application. The FES group, with the addition of applying FES while sitting, has also implemented a total of 90 minutes of gait training on treadmill after the exercise treatment. Both two groups accomplished the program, twice a week, for a total of 24 times in a 12-week period. Exercise treatment, gait training on treadmill, and both Dynamic FES and FES were implemented for 30 minutes each. Korean version activities-specific balance confidence scale (K-ABC) was measured to determine self-efficacy in balance function. Timed up and go (TUG) test was performed to evaluate the physical performance. K-ABC, TUG, Berg balance scale (BBS), modified physical performance test (mPPT) and G-walk were evaluated at baseline and at 12 weeks. After 12 weeks, statistically significant differences (p<.05) were apparent in the Dynamic FES group in the changes in K-ABC and BBS. mPPT, TUG, gait speed, stride length and stance phase duration (%) were compared with the FES group. K-ABC had higher correlation to BBS, along with mPPT to TUG. Our results suggest that walking with Dynamic FES in chronic stroke patients may be beneficial for improving their balance confidence, functional ability and gait.

• 대한물리의학회지
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• 제9권3호
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• pp.263-270
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• 2014

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to examine the immediate changes in the weight-bearing ankle dorsiflexion range of motion (ROM) and the dynamic balance in asymptomatic subjects using the modified Star Excursion Balance Test (SEBT) after ankle balance taping (ABT) and placebo ABT with kinesiology tape METHODS: A total of 23 active participants (11 men, 12 women) volunteered for this study. Ankle flexibility was assessed using the weight-bearing lunge test, and dynamic balance was assessed using the modified SEBT. Participants were asked to respond to questions regarding their perception of stability, reassurance, and confidence when performing modified SEBT. RESULTS: The weight-bearing ankle dorsiflexion ROM did not show a significant decrease after real ABT or placebo ABT compared to the ROM prior to ABT. The anterior, posterolateral, and posteromedial reach distances of SEBT did not increase significantly after real ABT or placebo ABT compared to the distances prior to ABT. However, the participants' perception of stability, reassurance, and confidence, when performing SEBT with real ABT, was increased compared to that during the control trial. CONCLUSION: This study showed that although real ABT did not immediately improve the reach distances in the 3 directions during modified SEBT, it improved the participants' perception of stability, reassurance, and confidence without decreasing weight-bearing ankle dorsiflexion ROM.