• Structural Monitoring and Maintenance
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.103-124
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• 2019

Present study concerns the safety evaluation of SefidRud dam's block No. 18 regarding probable crack propagation in the foundation gallery under a MCE record. Accordingly, a 3D finite element model of the block in companion with the reservoir and the foundation is modeled. All the associated thermal and structural parameters are derived via calibration with the records of thermometers and pendulums installed inside the dam body. The origination of the cracks and their whereabouts are determined by primary thermal and static analyses and through a linear dynamic analysis the potential failure zone and their extent and level are studied. The foundation gallery is the most probable zone among the other intensive tensile stress area to compromise the dam stability. Therefore, the nonlinear analysis of this risky region is inevitable. The results depict the permissible expansion of the cracks inside the gallery even under another future earthquake in MCE level. As a consequence, the general dam performance is assessed safe in spite of the seepage flow rate growth from the gallery fractures.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• 제31권2호
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• pp.113-123
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• 2019

In this study, carbon fiber/epoxy (CF/EP) composites were interleaved with aramid nonwoven veils with an areal weight density of $8.5g/m^2$ to improve their Mode-I fracture toughness. The control and aramid interleaved CF/EP composite laminates were manufactured by VARTM in a [0]4 configuration. Tensile, three-point bending, compression, interlaminar shear, Charpy impact and Mode-I (DCB) fracture toughness values were determined to evaluate the effects of aramid nonwoven fabrics on the mechanical performance of the CF/EP composites. Thermomechanical behavior of the specimens was investigated by Dynamic Mechanical Analysis (DMA). The results showed that the propagation Mode-I fracture toughness values of CF/EP composites can be significantly improved (by about 72%) using aramid nonwoven fabrics. It was found that the main extrinsic toughening mechanism is aramid microfiber bridging acting behind the crack-tip. The incorporation of these nonwovens also increased interlaminar shear and Charpy impact strength by 10 and 16.5%, respectively. Moreover, it was revealed that the damping ability of the composites increased with the incorporation of aramid nonwoven fabrics in the interlaminar region of composites. On the other hand, they caused a reduction in in-plane mechanical properties due to the reduced carbon fiber volume fraction, increased thickness and void formation in the composites.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.111-121
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• 2021

Large deformation and rapid pressure propagation take place inside the rock mass under the dynamic loads caused by the explosives, on quarry faces in order to extract aggregate material. The complexity of the science of rock blasting is due to a number of factors that affect the phenomenon. However, blasting engineering computations could be facilitated by innovative software algorithms in order to determine the results of the violent explosion, since field experiments are particularly difficult to be conducted. The present research focuses on the design of a Finite Element Analysis (FEA) code, for investigating in detail the behavior of limestone under the blasting effect of Ammonium Nitrate & Fuel Oil (ANFO). Specifically, the manuscript presents the FEA models and the relevant transient analysis results, simulating the blasting process for three types of limestone, ranging from poor to very good quality. The Finite Element code was developed by applying the Jones-Wilkins-Lee (JWL) equation of state to describe the thermodynamic state of ANFO and the pressure dependent Drucker-Prager failure criterion to define the limestone plasticity behavior, under blasting induced, high rate stress. A progressive damage model was also used in order to define the stiffness degradation and destruction of the material. This paper performs a comparative analysis and quantifies the phenomena regarding pressure, stress distribution and energy balance, for three types of limestone. The ultimate goal of this research is to provide an answer for a number of scientific questions, considering various phenomena taking place during the explosion event, using advanced computational tools.

• 국제강구조저널
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• 제18권5호
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• pp.1684-1698
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• 2018

Fragility functions are determined for braced steel moment frames (SMFs) with plans such as square-, T-, L-, U-, trapezoidal-, and semicircular-shaped, subjected to blast. The frames are designed for gravity and seismic loads, but not necessarily for the blast loads. The blast load is computed for a wide range of scenarios involving different parameters, viz. charge weight, standoff distance, and blast location relative to plan of the structure followed by nonlinear dynamic analysis of the frames. The members failing in rotation lead to partial collapse due to plastic mechanism formation. The probabilities of partial collapse of the SMFs, with and without bracing system, due to the blast loading are computed to plot fragility curves. The charge weight and standoff distance are taken as Gaussian random input variables. The extent of propagation of the uncertainties in the input parameters onto the response quantities and fragility of the SMFs is assessed by computing Sobol sensitivity indices. The probabilistic analysis is conducted using Monte Carlo simulations. The frames have least failure probability for blasts occurring in front of their corners or convex face. Further, the unbraced frames are observed to have higher fragility as compared to counterpart braced frames for far-off detonations.

• International Journal of Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.367-375
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• 2020

This paper presents an integrated analysis about dynamic performance of a Floating Offshore Wind Turbine (FOWT) OC4 DeepCwind with semi-submersible platform under real sea environment. The emphasis of this paper is to investigate how the wave mean drift force and slow-drift wave excitation load (Quadratic transfer function, namely QTF) influence the platform motions, mooring line tension and tower base bending moments. Second order potential theory is being used for computing linear and nonlinear wave effects, including first order wave force, mean drift force and slow-drift excitation loads. Morison model is utilized to account the viscous effect from fluid. This approach considers floating wind turbine as an integrated coupled system. Two time-domain solvers, SIMA (SIMO/RIFLEX/AERODYN) and FAST are being chosen to analyze the global response of the integrated coupled system under small, moderate and severe sea condition. Results show that second order mean drift force and slow-drift force will drift the floater away along wave propagation direction. At the same time, slow-drift force has larger effect than mean drift force. Also tension of the mooring line at fairlead and tower base loads are increased accordingly in all sea conditions under investigation.

• Journal of information and communication convergence engineering
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.137-142
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• 2022

Monolithic three-dimensional (M3D) logics such as M3D-NAND, M3D-NOR, M3D-buffer, M3D 2×1 multiplexer, and M3D D flip-flop, consisting of modularized M3D inverters (M3D-INVs), have been proposed. In the previous M3D logic, each M3D logic had to be designed separately for a standard cell library. The proposed M3D logic is designed by placing modularized M3D-INVs and connecting interconnects such as metal lines or monolithic inter-tier-vias between M3D-INVs. The electrical characteristics of the previous and proposed M3D logics were simulated using the technology computer-aided design and Simulation Program with Integrated Circuit Emphasis with the extracted parameters of the previously developed LETI-UTSOI MOSFET model for n- and p-type MOSFETs and the extracted external capacitances. The area, propagation delay, falling/rising times, and dynamic power consumption of the proposed M3D logic are lower than those of previous versions. Despite the larger space and lower performance of the proposed M3D logic in comparison to the previous versions, it can be easily designed with a single modularized M3D-INV and without having to design all layouts of the logic gates separately.

• Advances in nano research
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• 제14권5호
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• pp.463-474
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• 2023

The purpose of this paper is to present the analysis of propagating and evanescent waves in functionally graded (FG) nanoplates with the consideration of nonlocal effect. The analytical integration nonlocal stress expansion Legendre polynomial method is proposed to obtain complete dispersion curves in the complex domain. Unlike the traditional Legendre polynomial method that expanded the displacement, the presented polynomial method avoids employing the relationship between local stress and nonlocal stress to construct boundary conditions. In addition, the analytical expressions of numerical integrations are presented to improve the computational efficiency. The nonlocal effect, inhomogeneity of medium and their interactions on wave propagation are studied. It is found that the nonlocal effect and inhomogeneity of medium reduce the frequency bandwidth of complex evanescent Lamb waves, and make complex evanescent Lamb waves have a higher phase velocity at low attenuation. The occurrence of intersections of propagating Lamb wave in the nonlocal homogeneous plate needs to satisfy a smaller Poisson's ratio condition than that in the classical elastic theory. In addition, the inhomogeneity of medium enhances the nonlocal effect. The conclusions obtained can be applied to the design and dynamic response evaluation of composite nanostructures.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제56권2호
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• pp.688-706
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• 2024

Austenitic stainless steels (ASS) are extensively employed in various sectors such as nuclear, power, petrochemical, oil and gas because of their excellent structural strength and resistance to corrosion. SS304 and SS316 are the predominant choices for piping, pressure vessels, heat exchangers, nuclear reactor core components and support structures, but they are susceptible to stress corrosion cracking (SCC) in chloride-rich environments. Over the course of several decades, extensive research efforts have been directed towards evaluating SCC using diverse methodologies and models, albeit some uncertainties persist regarding the precise progression of cracks. This review paper focuses on the application of Acoustic Emission Technique (AET) for assessing SCC damage mechanism by monitoring the dynamic acoustic emissions or inelastic stress waves generated during the initiation and propagation of cracks. AET serves as a valuable non-destructive technique (NDT) for in-service evaluation of the structural integrity within operational conditions and early detection of critical flaws. By leveraging the time domain and time-frequency domain techniques, various Acoustic Emission (AE) parameters can be characterized and correlated with the multi-stage crack damage phenomena. Further theories of the SCC mechanisms are elucidated, with a focus on both the dissolution-based and cleavage-based damage models. Through the comprehensive insights provided here, this review stands to contribute to an enhanced understanding of SCC damage in stainless steels and the potential AET application in nuclear industry.

• 대한조선학회논문집
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• 제32권1호
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• pp.118-131
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• 1995

수중폭발을 받게 되는 해군 함정이나 충격하중을 받게 되는 초고속선의 구조에 대한 내충격 파손해석을 거시해석(global or macro analysis)과 미시해석(fine or micro analysis)의 두 단계로 나누어 수행하였다. 거시해석은 이중근사기법(DAA : Doubly Asymptotic Approximation)을 이용하였다. 심한 충격하중을 받는 구조는 주로 세 가지 파괴모드를 나타내는데 이는 충격후기에 주로 나타나는 동소성좌굴(Dynamic plastic buckling)에 기인하는 소성대변형과 충격초기에 주로 나타나는 인장 파괴(Tensile tearing failure)와 횡전단파괴(Transverse shear failure)가 있다. 본 논문의 미시해석에서는 잠수구조의 종보강재에 충격압력이 가해진 경우에 대하여 응력파(stress wave)의 파급과 이 응력파와 균열과의 상호작용에 의한 동적응력강도계수 $K_I(t)$의 계산함으로써 인장 파괴모드(Tensile tearing failure mode)해석을 수행하였다. 특히, 동적응력강도계수 $K_I(t)$의 계산에 있어서 실험적 방법으로 널리 사용되는 shadow optical method of caustic로부터 개발된 numerical caustic method를 사용하였다. 본 논문의 충격파손해석 수치 예로서 해석모델을 완전잠수주상체로 잡고 거시해석을 수행한 후 이로부터 구한 충격압력을 입력자료로 하여 종보강재에 대하여 미시해석을 수행하였다.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• 제39권3호
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• pp.312-317
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• 2015

선박은 충돌, 좌초 및 화재 등의 여러 가지 원인으로 승객 및 선원들이 긴급 피난을 해야 하는 경우가 많이 발생한다. 일반적으로 모든 피난에서 생존율을 높이기 위해서는 피난 시간의 단축이 아주 중요한 요소이나 선박의 복잡하고 좁은 구조적 특성은 신속한 피난에 장애 요소가 되고 있다. 특히, 선박은 그 구조상 동일한 규모의 화재 발생 시 타 화재에 비해 확산속도가 빨라 신속한 피난이 필요하다. 또한, 선박은 해상에서 운항하는 특성으로 좋지 않은 해상 상태에서는 승객 및 선원이 행동적 제약이 발생한다. 이 연구에서는 인명 안전 차원에서 선박 구조 변경이 승객 및 선원의 생존율 향상에 미치는 영향에 대해 이론적 접근 및 수치 시뮬레이션을 통해 분석하고자 한다. 분석 도구로는 3차원 화재분석 전용 프로그램인 FDS(Fire Dynamic Simulator)를 이용하였으며 화재 시 인명 안전에 영향을 가장 큰 영향을 미치는 온도 상승 및 가시거리 감소를 분석하였다. 그 결과 선박의 복도 폭 및 천장의 높이만 개선하여도 인명 안전에 상당한 도움이 되는 것으로 분석되었다.