• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.34 no.6B
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• pp.641-647
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• 2009

This paper proposes an improved predictive dynamic power management (DPM) scheme and a task scheduling algorithm to reduce unnecessary power consumption in embedded systems. The proposed algorithm performs pre-scheduling to minimize unnecessary power consumption. The proposed predictive DPM utilizes a scheduling library provided by the system to reduce computation overhead. Experimental results show that the proposed algorithm can reduce power consumption by 22.3% on the average comparing with the LLF algorithm for DPM-enable system scheduling.

• The Journal of the Korea institute of electronic communication sciences
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• v.6 no.6
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• pp.809-814
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• 2011

The major resource problem in sensor networks is energy efficiency. There are two major access methods to efficiently use energy. The first is to use dynamic power management (DPM). The second is to use energy efficient protocols. In DPM methods, the OS, the power manager, is responsible for managing the proper power state of CPU and each I/O with respect to the events, but the OS is not largely concerned about the internal operation of each network protocols. Also, energy efficient protocols are mainly focused on the power saving operation of the radio PHY. In addition, in wireless sensor network most of tasks are connected to communication. In such a situation, traditional power managers can waste unpredicted power. In this paper, we introduce an efficient power manger that can reduce a lot of unwanted power consumption through cooperative power management (CPM) in communication-related tasks between each units, such as radio, sensing unit, and CPU, for ad hoc wireless sensor nodes.

• Proceedings of the Korean Information Science Society Conference
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• 2004.04a
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• pp.643-645
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• 2004

본 논문은 전력 감소를 위해 사용되는 기법인 Dynamic Power Management를 무선 네트워크 환경에서의 스트리밍 서비스에 적합하게 조정하여 네트워크 인터페이스 카드의 전력 소모를 최소화할 수 있는 기법을 제시한다. 스트리밍 서비스는 Bit Rate이 일정하다는 특징 이 있기 때문에 이를 기반으로 적절한 모드 전환을 한다면 전력의 이득을 취할 수 있다. 본 논문에서는 성능 저하 없이 모드 전환을 하는 시점을 제시하는 Simple DPM 기법과 어느 정도의 성능 저하를 감수하면서 전력이득의 극대화를 취하는 Adaptive DPM 기법을 제시한다.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.6 no.12
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• pp.71-79
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• 2006

Recently, embedded systems like mobile and portable devices are quickly disseminated around the world. Since these.devices need more computation power as the applications become gradually complicated, the bettery lifetime becomes the most serious constraints. So research efforts have been focused on reducing the power consumption, resulting in producing devices with low-power H/W and S/W components. In this paper, we propose a low-power Java API set using the dynamic power management (DPM) scheme in the J2ME Java Platform on the real-time operating system UbiFOSTM and show that we could save energy up to 30% through experiments using the API set.

• Proceedings of the Korean Information Science Society Conference
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• 2006.10a
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• pp.281-286
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• 2006

배터리로 동작하는 휴대용 기기와 같은 임베디드 시스템은 복잡한 애플리케이션을 보다 오랜 시간 동안 동작할 수 있도록 하기 위해 하드웨어와 소프트웨어 측면 모두에서 저전력 기법의 구성이 필요하다. 한정된 하드웨어 시스템의 자원을 효율적으로 관리하고 보다 적은 전력소모를 위해서는 저전력 기법이 탑재된 저전력 실시간 운영체제가 필요하다. 본 논문에서는 IBM 과 MontaVista Software 에서 제안한 DPM(Dynamic Power Management) 기법을 적용한 저전력 실시간 운영체제를 설계 및 구현하였다.

• IEMEK Journal of Embedded Systems and Applications
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• v.2 no.3
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• pp.194-201
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• 2007

As the performance of the mobile terminal becomes higher, the power consumption gradually increases. As a result, power management is one of the most important issues in mobile system with battery. In this paper, we describe an DPM(Dynamic Power Management) using DVS(Dynamic Power Management) as a power management mechanism in Qplus operating system. DVS generally considers a specific device such as CPU, whereas we consider the relations with other hardware components as well as each component. We specially focus on the relation between CPU, memory and LCD devices. We also designs a kernel monitor to collect information to decide the policy for power management. According to the experimental results, the proposed method enables to save much power.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.31 no.4A
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• pp.393-401
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• 2006

Energy consumption is an important design parameter for battery-operated embedded systems. Dynamic power management is one of the most well-known low-power design techniques. This paper proposes an online realtime scheduling algorithm, which we call energy-aware realtime scheduling using slack stealing (EARSS). The proposed algorithm gives the highest priority to the task with the largest degree of device overlap when the slack time exists. Scheduling result enables an efficient power management by reducing the number of state transitions. Experimental results show that the proposed algorithm can save the energy by 23% on average compared to the DPM-enabled system scheduled by the EDF algorithm.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Computer Information Conference
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• 2013.01a
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• pp.13-16
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• 2013

최근 Web 서비스, MP3, 동영상 재생, 무선통신 등 다양한 기능을 제공하는 스마트폰, 테블릿 PC와 같이 베터리로 동작하는 디지털 컨버젼스 기기들의 사용량이 증가되었고, 이러한 이동형 임베디드 기기들은 베터리 용량에 따라 사용시간이 제한된다. 그렇기 때문에 기기들의 평가항목 중 전력소모라는 성능지표가 대두되고 있으며, 소비전력을 낮추기 위한 저전력 기법이 전 세계적으로 연구되고 있다. 본 논문에서는 이동형 임베디드 기기에 사용 가능한 cnu_RTOS에 DPM(Dynamic Power Management)과 S3C2450에서 제공하는 DPM(Device Power Management)을 이용한 저전력 기능을 구현하여, 소비전력 감소율을 측정하였다.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.7 no.5
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• pp.949-966
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• 2013

Recently, Wireless Body Area Network (WBAN) has promise to revolutionize human daily life. The need for multiple sensors and constant monitoring lead these systems to be energy hungry and expensive with short operating lifetimes. In this paper, we offer a review of existing work of WBAN and focus on energy-aware management in it. We emphasize that nodes computation, wireless communication, topology deployment and energy scavenging are main domains for making a long-lived WBAN. We study the popular power management technique Dynamic Voltage and Frequency Scaling (DVFS) and identify the impact of slack time in Dynamic Power Management (DPM), and finally propose an enhanced dynamic power management method to schedule scaled jobs at slack time with the goal of saving energy and keeping system reliability. Theoretical and experimental evaluations exhibit the effectiveness and efficiency of the proposed method.

• ETRI Journal
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.259-269
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• 2007

The ubiquitous flexible operating system (UbiFOS) is a real-time operating system designed for cost-conscious, low-power, small to medium-sized embedded systems such as cellular phones, MP3 players, and wearable computers. It offers efficient real-time operating system services like multi-task scheduling, memory management, inter-task communication and synchronization, and timers while keeping the kernel size to just a few to tens of kilobytes. For flexibility, UbiFOS uses various task scheduling policies such as cyclic time-slice (round-robin), priority-based preemption with round-robin, priority-based preemptive, and bitmap. When there are less than 64 tasks, bitmap scheduling is the best policy. The scheduling overhead is under 9 ${\mu}s$ on the ARM926EJ processor. UbiFOS also provides the flexibility for user to select from several inter-task communication techniques according to their applications. We ported UbiFOS on the ARM9-based DVD player (20 kB), the Calm16-based MP3 player (under 7 kB), and the ATmega128-based ubiquitous sensor node (under 6 kB). Also, we adopted the dynamic power management (DPM) scheme. Comparative experimental results show that UbiFOS could save energy up to 30% using DPM.