• 대한기계학회논문집A
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• 제38권5호
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• pp.551-557
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• 2014

본 논문은 작업 시 농업용 트랙터의 운전지원을 위한 강인한 횡방향 제어기를 제안하고자 한다. 자동차와 달리 트랙터의 조향 방식은 유압실린더를 이용함으로써 상대적으로 큰 시간지연을 가지고 있으며 작업 시 지면 환경도 일반 도로와는 다르다. 조향 액추에이터 모델을 포함하는 기구학적 트랙터 모델을 기반으로 동적 표면 제어라는 비선형 제어기법을 적용하여 조향 액추에이터의 시간지연 및 노면 경사의 변화에 강인한 횡방향 제어기를 설계한다. 마지막으로 상용 트랙터 시뮬레이터를 이용하여 마찰 계수가 일정한 주어진 노면 상태에서 조향 액추에이터의 시간 지연 변경이나 오르막 또는 내리막과 같은 지형 조건 변화에 대한 횡방향 제어기의 성능 및 강인성을 검증한다.

• 한국정보전자통신기술학회논문지
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• 제11권4호
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• pp.408-413
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• 2018

본 논문은 천일염의 기계화 자동화 생산모델 설계에 필요한 입자크기, 산물밀도, 마찰계수 및 안식각 등 설계인자를 구명하기 위하여 천일염의 함수율 5수준(16.5, 13.2, 8.2, 4.9 및 3.7%,w.b.)에서 실험을 수행하였다. 입자크기는 함수율 3.7%에서 1.98mm이였으며, 함수율 8.2%까지는 감소하는 경향이었고, 이후는 다시 증가하는 경향이었다. 산물밀도는 함수율 3.7%에서 $643.5{\sim}675.3kg/m^3$이었으며, 이후 급격히 증가하여 함수율 4.9 및 8.2%에서 672.3~702.8 및 $705.4{\sim}723.1kg/m^3$으로 나타났다. 산물밀도는 함수율이 증가할수록 증가하는 경향이었으며, 입자의 크기보다는 함수율의 영향이 크게 나타났다. 정지마찰계수의 측정한 결과 재질에 따라 스테인레스에서 0.76~1.04로 가장 높게 나타났고, ABS수지, 아크릴 순으로 낮게 나타났다. 정안식각 측정은 함수율 8.2% 이하에서 거동이 발생하였으며, 함수율이 증가함에 따라 배출 안식각은 증가하고 퇴적 안식각은 감소하는 것으로 나타났다.

• 한국지반공학회논문집
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• 제39권12호
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• pp.37-46
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• 2023

동적 물성치는 지반의 상세한 거동을 예측하기 위한 필수인자이나, 샘플 채취와 추가적인 실험이 동반되는 한계가 있다. 본 연구의 목적은 정적 지반 물성치를 기반으로 동적 지반 물성치를 예측하는 것으로 인공신경망을 활용하고자 하였다. 정적 물성치는 점착력, 내부마찰각, 함수비, 비중 그리고 일축압축강도로 선정하였으며 출력 값인 동적물성치는 압축파 속도와 전단파 속도로 결정하였다. 인공신경망 적용시 결과값의 신뢰성을 높이기 위해 Levenberg-Marquardt와 Bayesian regularization 방법을 적용하였으며, 각 최적화 방법에 따른 신뢰성을 비교하였다. 인공신경망 모델의 정확도는 결정계수로 나타냈으며, train과 test 과정 모두 0.9 이상의 값을 보여 해당 연구에서 구축한 인공신경망의 신뢰성이 높은 것으로 나타났다. 또한, 구축된 인공신경망 모델의 검증을 위해 새로운 입력 데이터에 대해서도 출력값의 신뢰성을 검증하였으며, 그 결과 높은 정확도를 보였다.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• 제37권3호
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• pp.155-165
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• 2012

This study was performed to offer the data for design of the seedling bed transfer equipment to make the automation of working process in a plant factory. The seedling bed transfer equipment pushing the seedling bed with bearing wheels on the rail for interconnecting each working process by a pneumatic cylinder was made and examined. The examined transfer force to push the seedling bed with a weight of 178.9 N by the pneumatic cylinder with length of 60 cm and section area of 5 $cm^2$ was measured by experiments. The examined transfer forces was compared with theoretical ones calculated by the theoretical formula derived from dynamic system analysis according to the number of the seedling bed and pushing speed of the pneumatic cylinder head at no load. The transfer function of the equipment with the input variable as the pushing speed $V_{h0}$(m/s) and the output variable as the transfer force f(t)(N) was represented as $F(s)=(V_{h0}/k)(s+B/M)/(s(s^2+Bs/M+1/(kM))$ where M(kg), k(m/N) and B(Ns/m) are the mass of the bed, the compression coefficient of the pneumatic cylinder and the dynamic friction coefficient between the seedling bed and the rail, respectively. The examined transfer force curves and the theoretical ones were represented similar wave forms as to use the theoretical formular to design the device for the seedling bed transfer. The condition of no vibration of the transfer force curve was $kB^2>4M$. The condition of transferring the bed by the repeatable impact and vibration force according to difference of transfer distance of the pneumatic cylinder head from that of the bed was as $Ce^{-\frac{3{\pi}D}{2\omega}}<-1$, where ${\omega}=\sqrt{\frac{1}{kM}-\frac{B^2}{4M^2}}$, $C=\{\frac{\frac{B}{2M}-\frac{1}{kB}}{\omega}\}$, $D=\frac{B}{2M}$. The examined mean peak transfer force represented 4 times of the stead state transfer force. Therefore it seemed that the transfer force of the pneumatic cylinder required for design of the push device was 4Bv where v is the pushing speed.

• 농업과학연구
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• 제45권1호
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• pp.120-127
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• 2018

The rural labor force has gradually been decreasing due to the decrement of the farm population and the increment of the aging population. To solve these problems, it is necessary to develop and study autonomous agricultural machinery. Therefore, analyzing the dynamic behavior of vehicles in an autonomous agricultural environment is important. Until now, most studies on agricultural machinery, especially on ground vehicle dynamics, have been done by field tests. However, these field test methods are time consuming and costly with seasonal restrictions. A research method that can replace existing field test methods by using simulations is needed. In this study, we did basic research analyzing the effect of the travelling speed of a tractor on tire slip using simulation software. A tractor simulation model was developed based on field conditions following a straight path. The simulation was done for three ranges of speed: 20 - 30 km/h (considered the normal travelling speed range), 6 - 8 km/h (considered the plow tillage speed range) and 2 - 4 km/h (considered the rotary tillage speed range). The results of the simulation show that the slip ratio and slip angle values tended to increase as the traveling speed range of the tractor decreased. From the simulation results, it can be concluded that at low tractor speeds, it becomes more difficult to control the vehicle path. In future research, simulations will be done with various work environments such as a curved path as well as with various friction coefficient conditions, and the simulation results will be experimentally verified by applying them to an agricultural tractor.

• 대한기계학회논문집A
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.576-585
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• 2002

A three-dimensional Lagrangian explicit time-integration finite element code for analyzing the dynamic impact phenomena was developed. It uses four node tetrahedral elements. In order to consider the effects of strain rate hardening, strain hardening and thermal softening, which are frequently observed in high-velocity deformation phenomena, Johnson-Cook model is used as constitutive model. For more accurate and robust contact force computation, the defense node contact algorithm was adopted and implemented. In order to evaluate the performance of the newly developed three-dimensional hydrocode NET3D, numerical simulations of the oblique impact of mild steel plate by mild steel sphere were carried out. Ballistic limit about various oblique angle between 0 degree and 80 degree was estimated through a series of simulations with different initial velocities of sphere. Element eroding by equivalent plastic strain was applied to mild steel spheres and targets. Ballistic limits and fracture characteristics obtained from simulation were compared with experimental results conducted by Finnegan et al. From numerical studies, the following conclusions were reached. (1) Simulations could successfully reproduce the key features observed in experiment such as tensile failure termed "disking"at normal impacts and outwards bending of partially formed plus segments termed "hinge-mode"at oblique impacts. (2) Simulation results fur 60 degrees oblique impact at 0.70 km/s and 0.91 km/s were compared with experimental results and Eulerian hydrocode CTH simulation results. The Lagrangian code NET3D is superior to Eulerian code CTH in the computational accuracy. Agreement with the experimentally obtained final deformed cross-sections of the projectile is excellent. (3) Agreement with the experimental ballistic limit data, particularly at the high-obliquity impacts, is reasonably good. (4) The simulation result is not very sensitive to eroding condition but slightly influenced by friction coefficient.

• 한국자동차공학회논문집
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.126-134
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• 2007

Although there has been substantial research on the squeal noise for the automotive brake system, robust design issues with respect to control factors equivalent to design variables in optimization, noise factors due to system uncertainties, and signal factors designed to accommodate a user-adjustable setting still need to be addressed. For the purpose, the robust design applied to the disk brake system has been investigated by DOE (Design of Experiments) based Taguchi analysis with dynamic characteristics. The specific goal of this methodology is to identify a design with linear signal-response relationship, and variability minimization. The finite element models of the disk brake assembly have been constructed, and the squeal noise problems have been solved by complex eigenvalue analysis. As the practical robust design to reduce the brake squeal noise, material properties of pad, disk, and backplate, thickness and geometry of pad are selected as control factors, material properties of pad and disk, and the contact stiffness have been considered as noise factors, and friction coefficient between pad and disk is chosen as a signal factor. Through the DOE based robust design, the signal-to-noise ratio and the sensitivity for each orthogonal array experiment have been analyzed. Also, it has been proved that the proposed robust design is effective and adequate to reduce the brake squeal noise.

• 한국안전학회지
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• 제27권6호
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• pp.78-83
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• 2012

In this study, some experimental results of the peroxide-degradation process of polypropylene(PP) in a co-rotating twin-screw extruder to produce controlled rheology polypropylene(CRPP) are presented. The peroxide was dicumyl peroxide(DCP) and the concentration of DCP was in the range 0-0.3 wt%. It was found that the rheological properties of PP change significantly during reactive extrusion. Melt flow index(MFI) increased with DCP concentration. Intrinsic viscosity decreases with increasing DCP concentration. From dynamic rheological data, number average molecular weight(Mn), weight average molecular weight(Mn) and molecular weight distribution(MWD) were calculated. Results indicated that Mw decreases and MWD becomes narrower with increasing peroxide concentration. Especially, particle size distribution of CRPP decreases with increasing DCP concentration by chemical powdering process, and anti-slip floor paint, CRPP(DCP 0.2 wt%) powder by 10phr was friction coefficient 2.15 ${\mu}$, abrasion resistance 511.18%.

• Advances in nano research
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.325-340
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• 2024

There are several novel uses for dispersing many nanoparticles into a conventional fluid, including dynamic sealing, damping, heat dissipation, microfluidics, and more. Therefore, melting heat and mass transfer characteristics of a 3-D MHD Hybrid Nanofluid flow over a rotating disc with presenting dufour and soret effects are assessed numerically in this study. In this instance, we investigated both ferric sulfate and molybdenum disulfide as nanoparticles suspended within base fluid water. The governing partial differential equations are transformed into linked higher-order non-linear ordinary differential equations by the local similarity transformation. The collection of these deduced equations is then resolved using a Chebyshev spectral collocation-based algorithm built into the Mathematica software. To demonstrate how different instances of hybrid/ nanofluid are impacted by changes in temperature, velocity, and the distribution of nanoparticle concentration, examples of graphical and numerical data are given. For many values of the material parameters, the computational findings are shown. Simulations conducted for different physical parameters in the model show that adding hybrid nanoparticle to the fluid mixture increases heat transfer in comparison to simple nanofluids. It has been identified that hybrid nanoparticles, as opposed to single-type nanoparticles, need to be taken into consideration to create an effective thermal system. Furthermore, porosity lowers the velocities of simple and hybrid nanofluids in both cases. Additionally, results show that the drag force from skin friction causes the nanoparticle fluid to travel more slowly than the hybrid nanoparticle fluid. The findings also demonstrate that suction factors like magnetic and porosity parameters, as well as nanoparticles, raise the skin friction coefficient. Furthermore, It indicates that the outcomes from different flow scenarios correlate and are in strong agreement with the findings from the published literature. Bar chart depictions are altered by changes in flow rates. Moreover, the results confirm doctors' views to prescribe hybrid nanoparticle and particle nanoparticle contents for achalasia patients and also those who suffer from esophageal stricture and tumors. The results of this study can also be applied to the energy generated by the melting disc surface, which has a variety of industrial uses. These include, but are not limited to, the preparation of semiconductor materials, the solidification of magma, the melting of permafrost, and the refreezing of frozen land.

• 한국해안·해양공학회논문집
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• 제20권5호
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• pp.498-509
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• 2008

본 논문에서는 안벽구조물에 대한 지지력, 전도 및 활동에 대한 파괴모드별 수준 I, II & III의 신뢰성 해석을 수행하였다. 파괴모드에 따른 적절한 설계기법을 적용하여 민감도 분석을 실시하고 케이슨식 안벽 설계시 확률변수가 신뢰지수에 미치는 영향을 분석하였다. 신뢰지수 산정결과, 최대위험시의 사례연구 I의 경우, Level II와 III 방법 모두 1.416, 사례 II의 경우, 각각 2.201과 1.880로써 Level II (FORM) 및 Level III의 시뮬레이션 방법이 잘 일치함을 확인할 수 있었다. 대체로 케이슨식 안벽은 주요 파괴모드중 지지력과 활동에 대한 파괴확률이 비교적 크고 전도에 대한 파괴확률이 가장 낮은 것으로 나타났다. 민감도 분석 결과, 신뢰지수에 가장 큰 영향을 미치는 확률변수는 활동, 전도 및 지지력 파괴모드에서 각각 마찰계수, 잔류수압 및 저항모멘트로 나타났다. 특히, 지진시 변동계수가 큰 관성력 및 동수압은 민감도 변화가 크지 않아 변동계수와 민감도에 관련된 기존의 연구와 유사한 결과를 얻었다.