• 제목/요약/키워드: Dynamic Background

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네거티브 설계 개념을 이용한 함정 설계영역탐색법 개발 (Development of Design Space Exploration for Warship using the Concept of Negative Design)

  • 박진원
    • 한국산학기술학회논문지
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    • 제20권9호
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    • pp.412-419
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    • 2019
  • 예술에서 네거티브 공간은 관심 있는 피사체 주위 공간과 여러 피사체 사이의 공간으로 정의된다. 네거티브 공간은 때로는 이미지의 "실질적" 주제로서 예술적 효과에 사용되기 때문에 예술적 구성요소 중 하나이다. 회화에서는 표현하고자 하는 사물의 배경을 음각으로 터치하는 화법으로 필요한 부분은 남기고 불필요한 부분을 터치하여 독특한 질감과 실루엣의 느낌을 주는 회화기법을 말한다. 예술에서 그것의 개념처럼 설계에서 네거티브 공간은 기술적으로 실행하기 어려운 설계범위를 직관적으로 파악하는데 유용할 수 있다. 두 영역 간의 유사성은 설계영역탐색에 네거티브 개념의 도입을 이끌었다. 통계분석과 시각화분석을 도구로 하는 설계영역탐색은 더 효율적인 의사결정을 지원하고 초기단계 시스템 설계의 방향에 대한 의미 있는 통찰력을 제공할 수 있다. 복잡하고 많은 양의 데이터를 요약한 시각화된 정보는 인간의 인지시스템과 동적인 상호작용을 보장하기 때문이다. 기술적으로 실행할 수 없거나 위험성이 높은 설계공간을 피할 수 있을 뿐만 아니라 실행 가능한 설계공간을 정의하는 데 유용하다. 논문에서 적용 예를 통해 네거티브 설계 개념 기반 설계영역탐색법의 활용 가능성을 살펴본다.

Ginsenoside Ro, an oleanolic saponin of Panax ginseng, exerts anti-inflammatory effect by direct inhibiting toll like receptor 4 signaling pathway

  • Xu, Hong-Lin;Chen, Guang-Hong;Wu, Yu-Ting;Xie, Ling-Peng;Tan, Zhang-Bin;Liu, Bin;Fan, Hui-Jie;Chen, Hong-Mei;Huang, Gui-Qiong;Liu, Min;Zhou, Ying-Chun
    • Journal of Ginseng Research
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    • 제46권1호
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    • pp.156-166
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    • 2022
  • Background: Panax ginseng Meyer (P. ginseng), a herb distributed in Korea, China and Japan, exerts benefits on diverse inflammatory conditions. However, the underlying mechanism and active ingredients remains largely unclear. Herein, we aimed to explore the active ingredients of P. ginseng against inflammation and elucidate underlying mechanisms. Methods: Inflammation model was constructed by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in C57BL/6 mice and RAW264.7 macrophages. Molecular docking, molecular dynamics, surface plasmon resonance imaging (SPRi) and immunofluorescence were utilized to predict active component. Results: P. ginseng significantly inhibited LPS-induced lung injury and the expression of proinflammatory factors, including TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-1β. Additionally, P. ginseng blocked fluorescencelabeled LPS (LPS488) binding to the membranes of RAW264.7 macrophages, the phosphorylation of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) and mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs). Furthermore, molecular docking demonstrated that ginsenoside Ro (GRo) docked into the LPS binding site of toll like receptor 4 (TLR4)/myeloid differentiation factor 2 (MD2) complex. Molecular dynamic simulations showed that the MD2-GRo binding conformation was stable. SPRi demonstrated an excellent interaction between TLR4/ MD2 complex and GRo (KD value of 1.16 × 10-9 M). GRo significantly inhibited LPS488 binding to cell membranes. Further studies showed that GRo markedly suppressed LPS-triggered lung injury, the transcription and secretion levels of TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-1β. Moreover, the phosphorylation of NF-κB and MAPKs as well as the p65 subunit nuclear translocation were inhibited by GRo dose-dependently. Conclusion: Our results suggest that GRo exerts anti-inflammation actions by direct inhibition of TLR4 signaling pathway.

'Beni Balad' 포도 비가림 재배에서 부숙유기질비료 및 Urea 토양 시용에 의한 암모니아 배출량 및 과실 품질 (Effects of Composted Organic Fertilizer and Urea Application to Soil on the Ammonia Emissions and Fruit Quality of 'Beni Balad' Grapevine in Rain Proof Cultivation)

  • 문영지;문병우;김민욱
    • 한국환경농학회지
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    • 제40권4호
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    • pp.313-321
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    • 2021
  • 비가림 시설에서 'Beni Balad' 포도재배 시 부숙유기질비료 및 Urea를 토양 시용에 의한 암모니아 배출량 산정과 과실품질에 미치는 영향은 다음과 같다. Urea는 처리 1일째부터 암모니아 배출량이 급격히 증가하기 시작하여 15일째에 peak를 이루다가 점차 감소하였으며 그 이후에는 다른 처리와 큰 차이는 없었다. COF2 처리는 처리 후 1일째 peak를 보이다가 점차 감소하였으며, 그 이후는 대조구와 비슷한 발생량을 나타내었다. COF1 처리는 1일째 증가하여 완만한 곡선을 이루다가 15일째에 peak를 이루고 점차 감소하여 그 이후 대조구와 비슷하였다. 140일간 암모니아 누적 배출량은 대조구 2.63, Urea 12.95, COF1 2.05, COF2 3.97 kg NH3-N ha-1 day-1 이었다. 토양내 무기성분 함량이 COF2에서 암모니아태 질소는 유의하게 높았으며 수확시 엽병의 T-N 농도는 COF1 처리보다 COF2 처리가 0.1% 감소하였다. P와 K 농도는 COF1 처리로 인하여 증가하였으나 Ca와 Mg 농도는 차이가 없었다. 과실품질은 Urea 처리는 과피의 경도, 가용성 고형물 및 안토시아닌 함량은 증가하였고, COF1 처리는 가용성고형물 및 안토시아닌 함량은 증가하였으며, 산 함량은 전 처리 모두 증가하였다. 그러나 과중, 과방크기, Hunter L, a, b값에는 차이가 없었다. 이상의 결과는 포도나무 Beni Balad 품종에서 Urea, 부숙유기질비료의 토양 시용 시 암모니아 배출량 산정에 기초자료가 될 것으로 판단되었다.

과수원에서 사과 및 배 재배 시 복합비료 시용에 따른 암모니아 배출계수 평가 (Evaluation of Ammonia Emission Coefficient according to the use of Compound Fertilizers when Cultivating Apples and Pears in Orchards)

  • 김민욱;홍성창;유선영;김진호
    • 한국환경농학회지
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    • 제40권4호
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    • pp.366-372
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    • 2021
  • BACKGROUND: Ammonia is known as a precursor to fine particulate matter, and according to CAPSS, annual ammonia emissions in the agricultural sector were 249,777 tons as of 2018, accounting for about 79.0% of Korea's total ammonia emissions. In particular, ammonia emissions from agricultural land increased by 19,566 tons (10.2%) compared to the previous year. The Ministry of Environment is setting emission statistics using the ammonia emission coefficient developed in Korea in 2008, but researchers in the agricultural field regard it as a coefficient that does not reflect the reality of Korea's agricultural environment. Accordingly, in order to develop ammonia emission coefficients from the cultivation of apples and pears, Korea's representative fruit type, test agricultural land was set in Iksan, Jeollabuk-do. METHODS AND RESULTS: This study attempted to obtain the ammonia emission coefficient by the treatment of the composite fertilizer (N-P2O5-K2O=12-7-9), and the flux was measured using a dynamic flow-through chamber method. As for the chamber, a total of 12 chambers were installed repeatedly in 4 zones and used to develop emission coefficients. Using compound fertilizers during fruit tree cultivation, the ammonia emission coefficient was evaluated as 10.4 kg NH3/ton for pears and 15.3 kg NH3/ton for apples. The reason why the ammonia emission coefficient according to the use of composite fertilizers was calculated higher for apple cultivation is believed to be due to the relatively high pH concentration of apple orchard soil. CONCLUSION(S): This study may provide basic data for upgrading the ammonia emission coefficient when using composite fertilizers in agricultural land. In the future, it might be necessary to upgrade the calculation of emissions through the development of ammonia and fine particulate matter emission coefficients considering the agricultural environment of Korea.

Effects of Residual Hearing on the Auditory Steady State Response for Cochlear Implantation in Children

  • Kim, Young Seok;Han, Sun A;Woo, Hyunjun;Suh, Myung-Whan;Lee, Jun Ho;Oh, Seung Ha;Park, Moo Kyun
    • Journal of Audiology & Otology
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    • 제23권3호
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    • pp.153-159
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    • 2019
  • Background and Objectives: We aim to explore the effects of residual auditory steady state response (ASSR) on cochlear implantation (CI) outcomes in children lacking auditory brainstem responses (ABRs). Subjects and Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the data of child CI recipients lacking ABRs. All ears were divided into two groups: with residual ASSR and without ASSR. For each frequency, the T- and C-levels and the electrical dynamic ranges of postoperative 3-month and 1-year mappings were compared between the groups. To evaluate speech perception, patients who received simultaneous bilateral CIs were divided into two groups: group 1 exhibited responses at all frequencies in both ears; in group 2, at least one ear evidenced no response. The Categories of Auditory Perception (CAP) and Infant-Toddler Meaningful Auditory Integration Scale (IT-MAIS) scores were compared between the groups. Results: We enrolled 16 patients. At 2 kHz, the postoperative 3-month and 1-year T-levels of patients with residual hearing were lower than those of hearing loss group (p=0.001, p=0.035). In residual hearing group, the ASSR threshold correlated positively with the postoperative 1-year T-level (p=0.012, R2=0.276) and C-level (p=0.002, R2=0.374). Of 10 simultaneous bilateral CI recipients, 5 exhibited ASSRs at all frequencies and the other 5 showed no response at ≥1 frequency. The latter had higher CAP scores at the postoperative 1-year (p=0.018). Conclusions: In children exhibiting hearing loss in ABR testing, residual hearing at 2 kHz ASSR correlated positively with the post-CI T-level. Those with ASSRs at all frequencies had significantly lower CAP scores at the postoperative 1year. CI should not be delayed when marginal residual hearing is evident in ASSR.

피사계 심도가 낮은 이미지에서 웨이블릿 기반의 자동 ROI 추출 및 마스크 생성 (An Automatic ROI Extraction and Its Mask Generation based on Wavelet of Low DOF Image)

  • 박순화;서영건;이부권;강기준;김호용;김형준;김상복
    • 한국컴퓨터정보학회논문지
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    • 제14권3호
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    • pp.93-101
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    • 2009
  • 본 논문에서는 웨이블릿 변환 된 고주파 서브밴드들의 에지 정보를 이용하여 관심 객체 영역을 고속으로 자동 검출해주는 새로운 알고리즘을 제안하였다. 제안된 방법에서는 에지정보를 이용하여 블록단위의 4-방향 객체 윤곽탐색 알고리즘(4-DOBS)을 수행하여 관심객체를 검출한다. 전체 이미지는 $64{\times}64$또는 $32{\times}32$ 크기의 코드 블록으로 먼저 나누어지고, 각 코드 블록 내에 에지들이 있는지 없는지에 따라 관심 코드블록 또는 배경이 된다. 4-방향은 바깥쪽에서 이미지의 중앙으로 탐색하고, 피사계 심도가 낮은 이미지는 중앙으로 갈수록 에지가 발견된다는 특징을 이용한다. 에지를 모두 발견하면 내부의 이미지 블록은 모두 관심영역으로 간주하고, 이 블록들은 빠르게 마스킹되어 서버로 전송되어 동적 ROI를 제공한다. 이는 기존 방법들의 문제점이였던 복잡한 필터링 과정과 영역병합 문제로 인한 높은 계산 복잡도를 상당히 개선시킬 수 있었고, 블록 단위의 처리로 인하여 실시간 처리를 요하는 응용에서도 적용 가능하였다.

Effects of Residual Hearing on the Auditory Steady State Response for Cochlear Implantation in Children

  • Kim, Young Seok;Han, Sun A;Woo, Hyunjun;Suh, Myung-Whan;Lee, Jun Ho;Oh, Seung Ha;Park, Moo Kyun
    • 대한청각학회지
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    • 제23권3호
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    • pp.153-159
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    • 2019
  • Background and Objectives: We aim to explore the effects of residual auditory steady state response (ASSR) on cochlear implantation (CI) outcomes in children lacking auditory brainstem responses (ABRs). Subjects and Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the data of child CI recipients lacking ABRs. All ears were divided into two groups: with residual ASSR and without ASSR. For each frequency, the T- and C-levels and the electrical dynamic ranges of postoperative 3-month and 1-year mappings were compared between the groups. To evaluate speech perception, patients who received simultaneous bilateral CIs were divided into two groups: group 1 exhibited responses at all frequencies in both ears; in group 2, at least one ear evidenced no response. The Categories of Auditory Perception (CAP) and Infant-Toddler Meaningful Auditory Integration Scale (IT-MAIS) scores were compared between the groups. Results: We enrolled 16 patients. At 2 kHz, the postoperative 3-month and 1-year T-levels of patients with residual hearing were lower than those of hearing loss group (p=0.001, p=0.035). In residual hearing group, the ASSR threshold correlated positively with the postoperative 1-year T-level (p=0.012, R2=0.276) and C-level (p=0.002, R2=0.374). Of 10 simultaneous bilateral CI recipients, 5 exhibited ASSRs at all frequencies and the other 5 showed no response at ≥1 frequency. The latter had higher CAP scores at the postoperative 1-year (p=0.018). Conclusions: In children exhibiting hearing loss in ABR testing, residual hearing at 2 kHz ASSR correlated positively with the post-CI T-level. Those with ASSRs at all frequencies had significantly lower CAP scores at the postoperative 1year. CI should not be delayed when marginal residual hearing is evident in ASSR.

Enhanced Drug Carriage Efficiency of Curcumin-Loaded PLGA Nanoparticles in Combating Diabetic Nephropathy via Mitigation of Renal Apoptosis

  • Asmita Samadder;Banani Bhattacharjee;Sudatta Dey;Arnob Chakrovorty;Rishita Dey;Priyanka Sow;Debojyoti Tarafdar;Maharaj Biswas;Sisir Nandi
    • 대한약침학회지
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    • 제27권1호
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    • pp.1-13
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    • 2024
  • Background: Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is one of the major complications of chronic hyperglycaemia affecting normal kidney functioning. The ayurvedic medicine curcumin (CUR) is pharmaceutically accepted for its vast biological effects. Objectives: The Curcuma-derived diferuloylmethane compound CUR, loaded on Poly (lactide-co-glycolic) acid (PLGA) nanoparticles was utilized to combat DN-induced renal apoptosis by selectively targeting and modulating Bcl2. Methods: Upon in silico molecular docking and screening study CUR was selected as the core phytocompound for nanoparticle formulation. PLGA-nano-encapsulated-curcumin (NCUR) were synthesized following standard solvent displacement method. The NCUR were characterized for shape, size and other physico-chemical properties by Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM), Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS) and Fourier-Transform Infrared (FTIR) Spectroscopy studies. For in vivo validation of nephro-protective effects, Mus musculus were pre-treated with CUR at a dose of 50 mg/kg b.w. and NCUR at a dose of 25 mg/kg b.w. (dose 1), 12.5 mg/kg b.w (dose 2) followed by alloxan administration (100 mg/kg b.w) and serum glucose levels, histopathology and immunofluorescence study were conducted. Results: The in silico study revealed a strong affinity of CUR towards Bcl2 (dock score -10.94 Kcal/mol). The synthesized NCUR were of even shape, devoid of cracks and holes with mean size of ~80 nm having -7.53 mV zeta potential. Dose 1 efficiently improved serum glucose levels, tissue-specific expression of Bcl2 and reduced glomerular space and glomerular sclerosis in comparison to hyperglycaemic group. Conclusion: This study essentially validates the potential of NCUR to inhibit DN by reducing blood glucose level and mitigating glomerular apoptosis by selectively promoting Bcl2 protein expression in kidney tissue.

터키 샹르울파주 목화농업의 전개와 지역사회의 변화 (Development of Cotton Farming and Transformation of Rural Area in Sanliurfa Prefecture, Turkey)

  • 강숙경
    • 대한지리학회지
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    • 제48권1호
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    • pp.87-111
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    • 2013
  • 터키의 동부 지역과 서부 지역 간의 경제 문화적 지역격차는 국가균형개발을 위해 터키정부가 해결해야 할 주요 과제 중 하나이다. 남동 아나톨리아 개발계획은 티그리스강과 유프라테스강의 수자원을 이용하기 위한 수력개발에서 시작하여, 1980년대 지역균형개발과 사회통합을 목표로 하는 종합적인 지역개발계획으로 발전하였다. 본 연구는 반건조 기후 지역으로 관개용수의 공급 없이는 상품작물의 재배가 불가능한 터키의 남동부 지역이 개발계획에 의해 주요 목화생산지로 변화한 것에 주목하여, 이를 가능하게 한 남동 아나톨리아 개발계획의 배경, 과정, 내용과 그에 따른 목화 생산성의 변화 등을 살펴보았다. 또한, 남동 아나톨리아 개발계획의 중심축으로써, 정부의 집중적인 투자가 이루어지고 있는 샹르울파주를 대상으로, 목화농업의 성장배경과 전개과정을 살펴보았다. 샹르울파주는 터키 전체 목화생산량의 37.6%를 생산한다. 이는 하란평원을 중심으로 시행된 정부의 경지정리 사업, 관개용수로 사업, 도로와 농로 등 농업을 위한 기반시설 확충이 큰 역할을 담당하였다. 또한, 목화재배에 따른 보조금 지급도 목화재배가 활성화된 주요 요인 중 하나이다. 관개용수의 공급은 이 지역 인구이동에 커다란 변화를 가져왔다. 관개 이전, 계절적 노동을 위해 다른 지역으로 이주했던 심각한 인구유출 현상은 관개 이후, 관개 지역을 중심으로 한 지역 내 이동과 다른 지역으로부터의 인구 유입 형태로 그 내용이 변화하였다. 관개용수는 국가수자원 총국(DS$\dot{I}$)으로부터 관개용수 관리 운영권을 이양받은 관개용수 조합(Sulama Birli$\breve{g}$i)이 각 농가에 공급한다. 그러나 관개용수 조합은 부족집단(Aşiret)을 기본으로 하는 전통적 봉건사회 구조하에 있으며, 이로 인해 농민을 위한 효율적 경영이 이루어지지 않고 있다. 또한, 이는 농민 자치조직의 형성에도 걸림돌로 작용하고 있다.

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1920년대 소비에트 구성주의 패션에 관한 연구 (A Study on Soviet Constructive Fashion in 1920s)

  • 조윤경;금기숙
    • 복식
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    • 제36권
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    • pp.183-203
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    • 1998
  • The wave of Avant-garde swept away all in the unique social background so called 'October Revolution' and the early 1900 Russian society which was able to absorb and accept anything. The Russian avant-garde has been affected by the Cubism and the Futurism those had peculiarly appeared in the early twentieth century, spreaded out to three spheres: the Suprematism, the Rayonism and the Constructivism. The Russian Constructivism has appeared in this background, concretely and ideally ex-pressed the ideology of the revolution into the artistic form and made an huge influence to the whole Russian society. The Constructivist like Tatlin, naum Gabo, Pevaner, Rodchenko, Stepanova, Popova and Exter gave great effect on the Soviet Constructive fashion design in 1920's after the Revolution. The Soviet costume in 1920s hold in common the characteristicss of the Constructive graphic as it is, geometrical and abstractive form, energetic and motility. In fashion design, these graphic qualities have been showed as the application of geometrical form and architectural image, physical distortion and transformation. And in textile design, the simple, dynamical presentation has been appeared. We can classify the Soviet costume at this time into three occasions. The first term is from late 1910 th mid 1920, and it is altered from folk costume design to modern one. With Lamanova as the first on the list, using the folk mitif, the Constructive expression of simple form has been gradually revealed in design. Designers like Makarova, Pribylskaia and Mukhina produced the plane, simple chemise style with the decoration of the Russian traditional motif. From early to late 1920 is the second term, and it is at the pick of the most active processing of the Constructive design. Not only at the costume in daily life but also at the theatrical costume and textile, the con-structive design has been represented all avail-able fields. Many Constructivists including Stepanova, Popova, Exter and Rodchenko took part in the textile design and costume design so as to evlvo their aesthetic concept. The third term is from late 1920 to early 1930. The socialistic realism has dominated over the whole culture and art, the revolutionary dynamic motif has been presented also in textile design. The formative features of Soviet Constructive fashion design are; silhouette, from, motif, color and fabric. The first, the silhouette : a straight rectangular silhouetted has been expressed through the whole period and a volumed one with distorted human body shape has introduced in the theatrical costume design. The second, the form: many lengthened rectangular forms have been made at beginnings, but to the middle period, geometrical, architectural forms have been more showed and there are energy and movement in design. At the last period, only a partial feature-division has been seen. The third, the motif; no pattern or ethnic motif has been partly used at beginnings, a figure like circle, tri-angle has gradually appeared in textile design. At latter period, a real-existent motif like an airplane has been represented with graphing and simplicity. The fourth, the color ; because of insufficient dyeing, neutral color like black or grey color has been mainly covered, but after middle term, a primary color or pastel tone has been seen, contrast of the fabric; without much development of textile industry after the Revolution, thick and durable fabrics have been the main stream, but as time had going to the last period, fabrics such as linen, cotton, velvet and silk have been varously choesn. At the theatrical costume, new materials like plastics and metals that were able to accentuate the form. The pursuit of popularity, simplicity and functionalism that the basic concept of Constructive fashion is one of the "beauty" which has been searching in modern fashion. And now we can appreciate how innovative and epochal this Soviet Constructive fashion movement was.ement was.

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