• Journal of Korean Physical Therapy Science
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.25-35
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• 2020

Background: There are many situations where walking in an actual community needs to change direction along with walking on a straight path, and this situation needs to be reflected in assessing walking ability of the community. Therefore, in this study, we tried to determine whether the assessments can distinguish the level of walking in the community. Design: Retrospective cohort study. Methods: Fifty-two survivors with chronic stroke have participated in the study. According to the evaluation result of 10mWT, the subjects of 0.8m/s and above were classified as the group who could walk in the community (n=22), and the subjects of 0.4m/s~0.8m/s were classified into the group who could not walk in the community (n=30). Modified Rivermead Mobility Index, Postural Assessment Scale for Stroke, Fugl-Meyer Assessment, Berg Balance Scale, 10-meter Walk Test (10mWT) were used to evaluate the motor skills. Furthermore, Activities-specific Balance Confidence Scale was used to evaluate psychological factors, and Timed Up & Go Test (TUG), Figure-of-Eight Walk Test (F8WT), Four Square Step Test (FSST), Step Test (ST) were applied to evaluate dynamic balance and mobility. Results: As a result for distinguishing walking levels in the community, TUG was 14.25 seconds, F8WT was 13.34 seconds, FST was 19.43 seconds, and ST of affected side and non-affected side were 6.5 points and 7.5 points, respectively. TUG (AUC=0.923), F8WT (AUC=0.905), and FST (AUC=0.941) were highly accurate, but the ST of affected side and non-affected side (AUC=0.806, 0.705) showed the accuracy of the median degree, respectively. Conclusion: To distinguish walking levels in the community of survivors with chronic stroke, TUG and FSST have been found to be the best assessment tool, and in particular, FSST could be very valuable in clinical use as the most important assessment tool to distinguish walking levels in the community.

• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.15 no.5
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• pp.69-86
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• 2011

The objective of this research is to unveil the dynamic changes of the trends in wedding dresses during the 20th Century. The studies were carried out in two forms; firstly by observing the actual wedding dresses worn by people at that time, and secondly by conducting formative comparisons between those dresses with the ones appeared in movies corresponding to that period. Movies provide an invaluable insight into the era's wedding dresses fashion trends since they function as intimate bridges in connection with the time's audience, and the visible imageries accurately reflect the characteristics embedded within that time frame. As there are no precedent studies regarding this topic, this thesis can serve as vital research data for the wedding dress industry. Research data regarding the actual wedding dresses were collected from books and museum web sites. The object of movies were films produced before World War II that contained both the background settings of the 20th Century and wedding dresses, of which photographic imageries were captured. Research analysis was then conducted by merging these data with findings from relevant books and internet materials. The results of the thesis are as the following: The 1900s was an extension of the 19th Century's popular fashion trend which can be characterized as the S curve silhouettes of the Edwardian period when long trains and long veils symbolized wealth and social power. In the 1910s, high waist silhouettes with soft wrinkles were prevalent as attire suitable for active mobility with practical functionality were highly regarded. During the 1920s, the flapper style became the dominant trend. Hem lines of the skirts were curled in the form of the scallop and laces were the most widely used raw materials. By the 1930s, wedding dresses that reinterpreted the glamorous sheath lines, practical two piece styles, and retro-styles became predominant. The 1940s saw the advent of ready-made wedding dresses made of synthesized materials; practical military style suits and casuals sometimes substituted the wedding dresses. And although the wedding dresses in the movies were primarily costumes to express the personalities of the characters, they were also reinterpreted as manifestations of the formative characteristics of each relative period that pursued very distinct and diverse features.

• Journal of Christian Education in Korea
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• v.62
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• pp.101-133
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• 2020

This study is an attempt to grasp the fundamental characteristics and core structures of Bibliodrama, which has recently received a lot of attention in various fields including Christian education. Bibliodrama is a guided form of process-oriented staging of biblical texts in groups with the aim of mutually opening up the text and the biography of the participants in the implementation of holistic encounters (H. Aldebert). In the background of the birth of Bibliodrama can be found the hermeneutical efforts of the biblical scholar Walter Wink who sentenced the bankruptcy of historical criticism. He laid the biblical interpretative foundation for Bibliodrama which combines Bible and body. German theologian Gerhard Marcel Martin had a new experience of seeing the Bible through body activity during his life in New York, and based on that experience he began to work on the Bibliodrama. And the New Testament scholar Tim Schramm, who focused on the TCI (themecentered interaction) movement, found the optimal methodology to embody the interaction of biblical studies in Bibliodrama. On the other hand, Peter Pitzele, who wanted to realize the Bibliodrama in the tradition of Midrash, has developed a new type of Bibliodrama (Bibliolog) that is different from the European Bibliodrama. When we put together the positions of the pioneers of Bibliodrama, it turns out that it has three fundamental characteristics: body, interaction, and the empty space of the Bible. The body refers to the personality of learners participating in the Bibliodrama. They are not passive participants, but voluntary and active participants. Interaction is realized through the dramatic way of Bibliodrama. Bibliodrama aims for a dynamic process in which hermeneutical interaction occurs. The empty space of the Bible, which Bibliodrama pays attention to, allows us to understand why the Bible is not a fixed word but a living word that is still heard today. In order to understand the Bible as the content of education, Bibliodrama liberates the text that is fixed in a literal way and gives life by paying attention to the empty space of the Bible and reading it slowly.

• Journal of the Economic Geographical Society of Korea
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.274-291
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• 2012

Since the advent of the internet as representative of the development of information communication technology (ICT), information transfer forms have changed rapidly these days. In the new techno-economic paradigms, I would ultimately consider how spatial structures of a knowledge-based service industry have been altered dynamically. To delve into this background, this study conducts an empirical case study of the internet advertising industry, particularly, among the whole advertising industry. Therefore, the primary objective of this study is to identify dynamic characteristics of spatial networks among actors for knowledge creation in Korea's internet advertising industry. In addition, it also is to analyze the formative elements of spatial networks which would have an influence on constructing the space of new economic activities. There are multilateral approaches. This research is classified into types of actors such as inter-firm, intra-firm, and firm-customer, and categorized according to spatial ranges such as local, regional, global levels. In the meanwhile, formative factors of the spatial networks could draw a conclusion from two aspects: inter-firm networks in the process of business in the internet advertising industry, and individual networks in the nonoccupational aspect. Accordingly, the results of this study suggest that actors' networks of two perspectives would make mutually complementary relationships and create new relational spaces in the digital economy.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.21 no.6
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• pp.689-695
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• 2015

The offshore plant crews that were commissioned in the commercial startup phase boarded the offshore plant in two shifts until the end of the project. The crews who were hired by the owner side stayed in the original offshore plant during the project. However, most of the offshore plant commissioned members who were dispatched from the shipyard were accommodated in the offshore accommodation barge. For this reason, they were exposed to many accidents since there are a lot of people staying in a small space. This study suggested a method for improving survival rate at offshore accommodation barge in terms of life safety. It is assumed that the fire accident among unfortunate events which take place in the offshore accommodation barge mainly occurred. So, this study analyzed the safety evacuation for offshore plant employees using fire simulation model based on both domestic and international law criteria. In particular, When fire occurs in the offshore accommodation barge, the periodically well trained crews are followed safety evacuation procedure. whereas many employees who have different background such as various occupations, cultural differences, races and nationality can be commissioned with improper evacuation behaviors. As a result, the risk will be greater than normal situation due to these inappropriate behaviors. Therefore, This study analyzed the Required Safe Escape Time (RSET) and Available Safe Escape Time (ASET). Also it was suggested the improvement of structure design and additional arrangement of safety equipment to improve the survival rate of the residents in offshore accommodation barge.

• The KIPS Transactions:PartB
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• v.9B no.4
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• pp.481-490
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• 2002

Off-line handwritten character recognition is in difficulty of incomplete preprocessing because it has not dynamic information has various handwriting, extreme overlap of the consonant and vowel and many error image of stroke. Consequently off-line handwritten character recognition needs to study about preprocessing of various methods such as binarization and thinning. This paper considers running time of watershed algorithm and the quality of resulting image as preprocessing for off-line handwritten Korean character recognition. So it proposes application of effective watershed algorithm for segmentation of character region and background region in gray level character image and segmentation function for binarization by extracted watershed image. Besides it proposes thinning methods that effectively extracts skeleton through conditional test mask considering routing time and quality of skeleton, estimates efficiency of existing methods and this paper's methods as running time and quality. Average execution time on the previous method was 2.16 second and on this paper method was 1.72 second. We prove that this paper's method removed noise effectively with overlap stroke as compared with the previous method.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.1-18
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• 2003

In recent years, Korean society has witnessed an increased interest in the observance of everyday life proprieties, building healthy families, and psychological well-being of family members. The main purpose of this research was to examine the relationships among the practice of everyday life proprieties, dynamics of family systems, and psychological well-being of Korean married couples. A self-report Questionnaire was used to collect data from married couples with a child over four-years-old who are currently residing in Seoul. 513 couples(1026 individuals) were used for the final data analysis. Statistical analyses were conducted using frequencies, percentages, means, standard deviations, Cronbach'α, Pearson correlation, paired t-test, factor analysis, and multiple regression. The findings of this study are as follows: First, the level of the practice of everyday life propriety was relatively high in both husbands and wives, and no significant gender difference was found in the level. Yet, there were some statistically significant differences in certain sub-dimensions. Wives showed a higher degree of performance in public decorum and social etiquette, whereas husbands exhibited a higher degree of performance in family decorum and communication manners. The family systems were highly dynamic, according to both husbands and wives, and there was no difference between husbands and wives. As for the sub-dimensions, the extent of communication was found to be higher among husbands than among wives. Psychological well-being was again relatively high for both husbands and wives, with husbands significantly higher than wives. Second, the findings indicate that the causal model did fit the data well, and that a myriad of background variables had direct and indirect impacts on psychological well-being, and these relationships were mediated by several variables in the sub-dimension of proprieties observance, family adaptability, and the degree of communication. The implication is that the practice of life propriety, an intervening variable, is crucial in improving psychological well-being of married couples. The findings of this research demonstrate that there are significant causal relationships among the practice of everyday life propriety, family systems dynamics, and psychological well-being. In addition, the observance of proprieties is shown to be a concept that can be used as an important predictor in the area of family resource management. Further research is needed to expand its focus on the practice of proprieties in the family resource management. More concrete and specialized family life education programs should be developed to help build healthy families. Lastly, the results indicate that proprieties education needs to be incorporated in family policies in order to promote the quality of family life.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.42 no.3
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• pp.270-276
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• 2018

Background: Notoginsenoside Ft1 is a promising potential candidate for cardiovascular and cancer disease therapy owing to its positive pharmacological activities. However, the yield of Ft1 is ultralow utilizing reported methods. Herein, an acid hydrolyzing strategy was implemented in the acquirement of rare notoginsenoside Ft1. Methods: Chemical profiles were identified by ultraperformance liquid chromatography coupled with quadruple-time-of-flight and electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q/TOF-ESI-MS). The acid hydrolyzing dynamic changes of chemical compositions and the possible transformation pathways of saponins were monitored by ultrahigh-performance LC coupled with tandem MS (UHPLC-MS/ MS). Results and conclusion: Notoginsenoside Ft1 was epimerized from notoginsenoside ST4, which was generated through cleaving the carbohydrate side chains at C-20 of notoginsenosides Fa and Fc, and vinaginsenoside R7, and further converted to other compounds via hydroxylation at C-25 or hydrolysis of the carbohydrate side chains at C-3 under the acid conditions. High temperature contributed to the hydroxylation reaction at C-25 and 25% acetic acid concentration was conducive to the preparation of notoginsenoside Ft1. C-20 epimers of notoginsenoside Ft1 and ST4 were successfully separated utilizing solvent method of acetic acid solution. The theoretical preparation yield rate of notoginsenoside Ft1 was about 1.8%, which would be beneficial to further study on its bioactivities and clinical application.

• Journal of East-West Nursing Research
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.19-35
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• 2000

This study confirms and describes the meaning of the true experience on sexual perception of female college students as it is. Thus this study, revealing the structure of the meaning, tried to use phenomenal study tool as qualitative research design in order to seek nursing intervention for them. The method of data collection of this study was achieved February, 2000$\sim$August, 2000 through systematic interview, participation and observation from a focus group. The number of each focus group was 3 to 4, and the study analyzed with Giorgi method after selecting total 3 groups with 10 to saturate data, considering of the closeness among group members. The results are as follow; 1) Feeling psychological uneasy : feeling special mood, mysterious thing, tense thing, curious thing, concealing thing 2) Being to someone : receiving unilaterally, giving ahead, attracting attention, being to, being selected unilaterally 3) Feeling like to do together : relying, contacting, being together 4) Accepting another one's self : understanding the partner, taking responsibility for each other, enduring, trusting each other 5) Trying to be best to the partner : physically being pure, mentally being pure, being only one person to the partner, being open to each other, feeling free 6) Harmonizing conditions with conditions : considering appearance, one's family, economic support and so on 7) Making a love without premise of marriage : making a difference between marriage and love 8) Being a difference between men and women : being a different position, being shameful (because of not having a boyfriend), indecent thing 9) Being for a new life : conceiving a new life 10) Being able to have body touch : being able to kiss, being able to sleep together, being able to touch body 11) Being able to make homosexual love : being able to do homosexual love From the above results, right sexual education should deliver the value of sex which exists for life. So we need to develop the Korean-typed sexual education, according to the social and cultural background and reasonable demand level of education subjects. Furthermore we should give systematically connected education through the development of sexual education program by a developmental stage on the sex with broad and dynamic features, revealing different shapes each period of life. Since the members' value by culture is very different, reasonable and healthy sexual education cannot be done through a education program from foreign cultures. Consequently, the development of the study and program on sexual perception of Korean female college students suitable for the Korean cultural situation will be done.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.377-381
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• 2011

BACKGROUND: Ammonia emissions from field-applied livestock manure are considered a threat to the environment worldwide. In Korea, a large amount of liquid manure was applied in the rice field before rice transplanting in order to reduce chemical fertilizer use. This study was conducted to provide the optimal flooding time after liquid manure application in an attempt to minimize ammonia emission. METHODS AND RESULTS: Ammonia emission from paddy field applied with liquid pig manure following different flooding time was measured using the dynamic chamber method. The five treatments used were : application of liquid pig manure to paddy field in flooding condition (F0T); one day (F1T) and three days (F3T) after flooding; without flooding (NF), and flooding without the application of liquid pig manure (control). Among the treatment, the highest ammonia emission was observed in F0T. The cumulative ammonia emission of F1T and F3T for 12 days were very similar and were about 4.7 times less than that of the F0T treatment. CONCLUSIONS: Ammonia emission in paddy field could be significantly reduced by liquid pig manure application after flooding rather than application of liquid pig manure in flooding condition. Therefore, flooding after liquid pig manure application would provide much more nitrogen for rice growth due to the reduction of ammonia emission.