• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.268-274
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• 2001

Dyeing properties of the colorants extracted from pomegranate hull on silk fabric were investigated. Pomegranate colorants were characterized by FT-IR analysis. Effects of dyeing condition and mordanting on dye uptake, color change and colorfastness were explored. Pomegranate colorants showed high affinity to silk fiber and its isotherm adsorption curve was Langmuir type. Therefore, ionic bond was involved in the adsorption of pomegranate colorants on to silk fiber. Mordants except Fe did not significantly increase dye adsorption. Pomegranate colorants produced mainly yellow color on silk fabric, but the silk mordanted with Fe showed yellow red color. Fastness to washing, perspiration, and rubbing was not improved by mordanting treatment, but light colorfastness was increased by Fe mordant.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Dyers and Finishers Conference
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• 2009.03a
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• pp.85-85
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• 2009

• Journal of Korea Technical Association of The Pulp and Paper Industry
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• v.43 no.1
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• pp.1-10
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• 2011

To investigate the combination dyeing properties of natural dyes, the combination dyeing using gallnut,-Al, Cu, Fe-sappan wood, and gallnut-Al, Cu, Fe-gardenia was performed on bast fiber of mulberry, cotton, silk, and their K/S values, colors, and sunlight fastness were measured. The gallnut-Al, Cu, Fe-gardenia dyeing showed the highest K/S values when the dyeing concentration of gallnut is 3%. It tended to show the higher K/S values than gallnut-Al, Cu, Fe-sappan wood. The silk showed the highest values of in K/S, and then followed by cotton, and bast fiber of mulberry. The mordants developed different colors on the bast fiber and the cotton treated with gallnut-Al, Cu, Fe-sappan wood. However, the silk showed a series of YR, showing no effect of the mordants on the development of color. The combination dyeing of gallnut-Al, Cu, Fe-gardenia showed a series of Y. The results showed that sappan wood could develop various colors but gardenia could develop a series of Y. No distinct improvement on sunlight fastness of the combination dyeing was observed.

• Textile Coloration and Finishing
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.239-247
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• 2000

The coloring matter was extracted from the heartwood of Amur cork tree by distilled water. Change of UV-Visible spectra of coloring matter solution by extraction condition and stability for irradiation were determined, and the effect of repeated dyeing with condition of dyebath and mordanting method on shade depth and lightfastness were also investigated. The results are as follows : 1) Absorbance of Amur cork tree extract increased with the lapse of extraction time. λmax of color solution extracted from Amur cork tree was found at 420, 333, and 262nm. 2) Absorbance of Amur cork tree extract decreased remarkably after 2hr irradiation. 3) The K/S of silk fabrics increased with the increase of dyeing temperature, time, amounts of Amur cork tree for extraction, and pH of color solution. 4) K/S of silk fabrics dyed by repeated dyeing method was affected by pH and concentration of color solution. 5) Lightfastness of silk twice dyed with Amur cork tree extract after pre-mordanted by 8%(o.w.f) chromium acetate was moderately improved.

• Textile Coloration and Finishing
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• v.18 no.5 s.90
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• pp.8-14
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• 2006

An earthworm protease, Lumbricus rubellus, was used to improve the dyeing properties of protein fibers such as wool and silk. The optimal condition for the activity of the earthworm pretense was about $40^{\circ}C$ at pH 7. The wool and silk were treated with the protease extracted from an earthworm and the K/S values of the dyed wool and silk were measured using a spectrophotometer in order to compare the dye uptake. The pretense treatment enhanced the dyeing properties of protein fibers without severe changes in mechanical properties. The surface appearances of pretense-treated fibers were observed by microscopy analysis.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.166-173
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• 2009

The natural dyeing of silk fabrics with Rumex crispus L. root extract was investigated. The dyeability of Rumex crispus L. root extract was evaluated with condition of concentration, temperature, time, repeat-numbers, pH, mordants variables, methods of mordanting, color fastness and antibacterial activity, etc. The wavelength of maximum absorption of the Rumex crispus L. distilled water extract appears at 274 nm and 336 nm, methanol extract was 274 nm and 356 nm. Optical dyeing temperature of silk fabrics was $70^{\circ}C$. The K/S values of the dyed fabrics were increased with increasing dyeing time. Surface colors of dyed fabrics were various by the used mordants; RP-YR-Y range. The color fastness was improved by adding mordants were added except Sn. Dyed silk fabrics with mordants showed antibacterial activity.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.39 no.3
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• pp.83-91
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• 2001

The dyeability of the Eucommiae Cortex were examined to establish the optimum condition for dyeing of Eucommiae Cortex. The results of this study are as follows, Wool, nylon and silk had the highest K/S value at pH 3. The dyeability was the highest in wool, nylon, and silk. In addition, the increase in K/S value corresponded to temperature in wool, nylon and silk, and the greatest K/S value at 95$^{\circ}C$. The increase in K/S value corresponded to dyeing times in wool, nylon and silk, and the greatest K/S value at 120min. Also, the K/S value increased in concomitance with the increased number of dyeing repetition. In the most cases, colorfastness of light was low but colorfastness of laundry, sweat was relatively good.

• Textile Coloration and Finishing
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• v.9 no.5
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• pp.19-29
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• 1997

A natural colorant was extracted from Clove using methanol. The dyeabilities and fastness of silk fabrics dyed with Clove extract were investigated. The results obtained were as follows; 1. The colorant extracted with methanol was higher in concentration than that with boiling water and was represented high reproducibility. 2. The optimum dyeing temperature and dyeing time were 6$0^{\circ}C$ and 60min, respectively. 3. The color depths were observed to be decreased as follows; pre-mordant > after-mordant repeat dyeing > after-mordant > simultaneous-mordant 4. Clove extract dyed brownish black on the Fe-mordanted silk. In case of the other mordants, silk fabrics dyed yellow. 5. The dyed silks had poor light-fastness but good wet-fastness.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.26 no.3_4
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• pp.473-484
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• 2002

The physical characteristics of silk and wool fabrics dyed with OFS-FR and SM-FR were examined and color difference and colorfastness of these fabrics were analyzed. The results are as follows; 1. The thickness, density and weight of both dyed fabrics were increased than those of undyed fabrics independently of dyeing materials and mordants. 2. Air permeability of all the silk samples increased than that of undyed silk, on the other hand, air permeability of most of wool samples decreased than that of undyed wool. 3. Thermal insulation values of silk samples were not consistent with dyeing conditions, but those of wool samples increased than those of undyed fabrics regardless of dyeing materials and mordants. 4. Color difference was clear between OFS-FR and SM-FR dyed fabrics. The colors dyed with OFS-FR-Al and OFS-FR-chitos an showed violet, those dyed with SM-FR displayed yellowish, in addition to in case of wool, dyed with OFS-FR-Cu the color was greenish yellow, in case of silk dyed with SM-FR-Cu that was yellowish red. 5. Sense of silk fabrics by sensory-test was soft and smooth. Feeling of colors in silk fabrics was wick, warm and slightly brilliant. In case wool, sense of dyed fabrics was slightly soft and slightly rough. Feeling of colors in wool fabrics was warm but not elegant. Therefore the result of sensory-test in silk might be better than that of in wool. 6. Colorfastness to dry cleaning and perspirations was good, but that to washing and sunlight was not fine.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.49
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• pp.73-84
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• 1999

The purpose of this study was to investigate dyeing properties of silk and wool fabric by Cassia tora extracts according to the conditions such as extraction(temperature time) dyeing(temperature time) condition kinds of mordants temperature of mordanting. The color fastness of laundering irradiation were examined. The results were as follows: The wavelength of maximum absorpthion by extracts appeared at 201, 277, 382nm in UV-Vis spectrum. Absorbance of extracts were increased with temperature and time. The extraction efficiency of Cassia tora was determined as $95^\circ{C}$ of extraction temperature 120 minutes of extraction time. Silk fabric had highest K/S value when dyeing for 90min at $40^\circ{C}$. Wool fabric had highest K/S value when dyeing for 60min at $80^\circ{C}$. Surface color of silk and wool fabric dyed with Cassia tora extracts was 3,9Y and 0.4Y but it was changed from 9.3YR to 7,4Y and from 9.4YR to 5Y by mordants. The fabrics of mordanted by metal ion dyed the depth of color. Laundering and irradiation fastness of mordanted fabrics were improved as compared with nonmordanted fabrics.