• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.429-437
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• 1996

This paper surveys extraction condition-temperature, pH, and changes of adsorbance in accordance with extraction condition of curcuma Longa L. solution. Using extracted curcuma Longa L. Solution, dyeing behaviors with natural fiber, effect of mordants to color fastness and color change were investigated. It was found that the amount of absorption (K/S value) was increased by mordants (Fe, Cr) and mordants treatment affected color change of dyed fabric. Among the mordants, effect of citric acid to color change of dyed fabric was the smallest, and color difference of post- mordant treatment is smaller than that of pee-mordant treatment in making use of citric acid as mordant. And K/S value of post mordant was higher than that of pre mordant. It was found that the pre - and post- mordants treatment little affected color fastness, but affected the amound of adsorption and color change of dyed fabric.

• Textile Coloration and Finishing
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.8-14
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• 2004

The purpose of this study was to investigate dyeing properties and antibacterial activities of cotton and silk fabrics treated with Ginkgo biloba leaf extracted with three kinds of aqueous solvents: distilled water, electrolytic reduction water and electrolytic oxidation water. The optimum dyeing condition of Ginkgo biloba leaf was 120 min at 8$0^{\circ}C$. Electrolytic reduction water had the highest dyeability to both cotton and silk compared with electrolytic oxidation water and distilled water. A color of extract by distilled water and electrolytic oxidation water showed yellowish Yellow Red, extract by electrolytic reduction water showed reddish Yellow Red. Irrespective of kinds of extraction solvents, appropriate acidity of medium was pH 9∼11 and pH 3 for cotton and silk fabrics, respectively. Colorfastness to laundering and Light fastness showed generally low but crocking fastness was excellent. Antibacterial activities of the treated fabrics above were 99.9%.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.45-52
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• 1992

The dyeing characteristics of Dylon hand dyes on the cotton & silk fabric were studied, and the fastnesses of Dylon hand dyes were compared with those of direct & acid dyes. The results are as follows. 1. Dye adsorption of Dylon hand dyes increased as the concentration of dye increased. 2. Dye adsorption was increased as treatment time increased, and reached to eqilibrium after forty minutes treatment. 3. The temperature at mixiumum adsorption was 6$0^{\circ}C$, in the range of lower temperature than 6$0^{\circ}C$ color was changed, in the range of higher temperature adsorption of dye was decreased. 4. Dye adsorption was increased in direct proprotion to NaCl concentration and reached to equilibrium. But NaCl concentration of even and maximum adsorption was 5%. 5. Wash fastness of Dylon hand dyes was better than direct & acid dyes, but light fastness was worse.

• Journal of Sericultural and Entomological Science
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.68-72
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• 1990

The color fastness of Korean silk fabrics was measured in this investigation. The sample fabrics under examination were divided into four groups, according to the processing cycle: 1) Plain dyeing(A-C) : 2) Yarn dyeing(D;E=Knitted fabric) ; 3) Direct printing(F-H) ; 4) Discharge Printing(I-P) : The following result can be obtained. Among the samples examined, both the plain-dyed(brilliant colours) and discharge-printed (put-in colours) fabrics show lower values of water, perspiration and ironing color fastness compared with those recommended by International Organization for Standardization(I. S. O.)

• Textile Coloration and Finishing
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.75-81
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• 2013

Colorimetric and wash fastness data after repeated wash cycles of Poly Lactic Acid(PLA) fiber were examined with C. I. Vat Blue 1, also other comparing 2 dyes (C. I. Vat Blue 35, C. I. Vat Blue 5), in this study. The fastness of three vat dyes on PLA fiber to repeated washing according to KS K 0430 A-2 regulation increased with dyeing temperatures. The $L^*$ values of the dyed material gradually increased with increasing numbers of wash. Also the f(k) values were decreased reversely. During repeated washing, the vagrant dyes were deposited especially on nylon, polyester, cotton of the adjacent multifiber. C. I. Vat Blue 5 displayed lowest color change to repeated washing of the three dyes used.

• Textile Coloration and Finishing
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• v.3 no.4
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• pp.1-6
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• 1991

The influence of chemical structure of Benzopurpurine 4B and Congo Red on the color fastness properties of cotton fabric have been studied at $90^{\circ}C$. Each dyeing carried with $10\times10^{-6}M$ of dye concentration and 0.1 M of NaCl. The results obtained from this study were as follow; 1. The properties of fastness to washing by Benzopurpurine 4B were superior to those of Congo Red. 2. The properties of fastness to light by Congo Red were superior to those of Benzopurpurine 4B. 3. The color variation appeared more vividly in the case of Benzopurpurine 4B than Congo Red and the color shifted to Red Purple after washing test but to Yellow Red after Fade-O-meter test.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.635-641
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• 2013

This study examined the dye-properties of natural fabrics dyed with Coptis chinensis and Curcuma longa root fermented with fungi. The optimum culture conditions for the fermentation of microorganisms, the relationship between natural dye color and fermentation conditions were investigated. Two different medical herbs (ground to 80-100 mesh in size) were used as a natural dyeing source. Phellinus linteus (P. linteus), which can grow in different media, such as Agarmedium (only agar containing medium), maltose extract agar (MA) and potato dextrose extract agar (PDA) culture media, were isolated from the medium. P. linteus was confirmed to be the optimum microorganism for the fermentation of Coptis chinensis and Curcuma longa, and the MA medium was confirmed to be the best for culturing. When using the microorganism as the fermenting agent, $32^{\circ}C$ was found to be the optimum fermenting temperature for both natural colorants. Regarding the dyeing property of the fermented natural dye, silk was dyed quite darkly in an appearance by naked eye estimation and the K/S value in the color strength of silk reached a high level of 16 after the fermenting process. The washing fastness of dyed silk after treatment washing was reduced from 4 to under4 and indicates that dyed silk with fermented plant was not unsubstantial. The light fastness was 1 to 2, showing intended to maintain due to the fermentation process.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.260-266
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• 2008

Recently there has been a growing interest in the use of natural dyes in textile applications. Natural dyes can exhibit better biodegradability and generally have a higher compatibility with the environment. In this study, the colorants of clove were extracted with boiling water. Chitosan crosslinked cotton fabrics have been dyed with aqueous extract of clove and their dyeabilities on the fabrics were studied. Additionally the fastness to washing and light, and the effects on antimicrobial properties were also investigated. Cotton fabrics were treated with a crosslinking agent epichlorohydrin in the presence of chitosan to provide the cotton fabrics the dyeing properties of natural dye(clove) by the chemical linking of chitosan to the cellulose structure. This process was applied by means of the conventional mercerizing process. The chitosan finishing and durable press finishing of the cotton fabrics occurred simultaneously in the mercerization bath. The dyeability(K/S), which was obtained by CCM observation, remarkablely became increased when the crosslinked chitosan concentration was higher. The hue value indicated reddish yellow with increasing the crosslinked chitosan concentration. And the color fastness to washing and light was the almost the same. The chitosan treated cotton fabrics showed very high activities with almost 100% reduction.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.56 no.3
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• pp.348-356
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• 2012

In an attempt to find a new class of bisazo disperse dyes with better dyeing properties, a series of novel bisazo dyestuffs based on 4-arylhydrazono-3-(2'-hydroxyphenyl)-1-phenyl-2-pyrazolin-5-ones $\mathbf{3a-f}$ were prepared by diazocoupling of p-nitrophenyl diazonium chloride with 4-arylhydrazono-3-(2'-hydroxyphenyl)-1-phenyl-2-pyrazolin-5-ones $\mathbf{2a-f}$. Compounds $\mathbf{3a-f}$ were subsequently reacted with acetic anhydride in the presence of p-toluenesulfonic acid afford the corresponding O-acetyl derivatives $\mathbf{4a-f}$. The latter products as well as spectral data indicated that compounds $\mathbf{3a-f}$ exist predominantly in the azo-hydrazone tautomeric form (H) as the ZE-configuration. Additionally, two series of the synthesized dyes $\mathbf{3a-f}$ and $\mathbf{4a-f}$ were applied as disperse dyes for dyeing polyester fabrics and their fastness properties were evaluated. Also the position of color in CIELAB coordinates ($L^*$, $a^*$, $b^*$, $H^*$, $C^*$*) was assessed.

• Textile Coloration and Finishing
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• v.17 no.6 s.85
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• pp.1-10
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• 2005

Disperse dyes derived from heterocyclic compounds such as phenylindole, pyridone, diaminopyridine, and carbazole have been known to exhibit high light fastness and bathochromic shift compared to the coursponding aminoazobenzene. The synthetic method to obtain diaminopyridine derivatives, which can be used as coupling components, was chlorination of pyridone with phosphorous oxychloride, followed by substitution with various primary amines. Four azo disperse dyes were synthesized by coupling four diaminopyridines with 2-cyano-4-nitroaniline as a diazo component. Structures of these dyes were confirmed by $^1H$ NMR spectroscopy. The wavelengths of maximum absorption of the synthesized disperse dyes were in the range of $517\~528nm$, and molar extinction coefficients were $45,700\~50,100$. The dyeability of four disperse dyes toward PET fiber was generally good. Wash and rubbing fastnesses were excellent, while light and dry heat fastness were good.