• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.15-25
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• 2007

As a part of the study for the materials development of compound feelings, therefore, this study investigated into the effects of the colors of warp and weft on the overall colors of fabrics, along with the visual changes of colors by the measuring angle of both warp and weft, by means of cross-dyeing of cotton/PET union fabrics. First, the dyeing of cotton and PET fabrics individually with the same color, the dyeing of PET fabrics followed by that of cotton fabrics resulted in a small difference in color than the dyeing in the reversed order. Second, in the case of the dyeing of cotton/PET union fabrics with the color of one fiber fixed and that of the other in ten colors, the color of cotton fiber, which is warp, gave much influence. In addition, the color change was remarkable among complementary colors, while it was negligible among adjacent colors. Third, in the case of dyeing of cotton/PET union fabrics with the color of one fiber fixed and that of the other in ten colors, the results were different by the measuring angle. When PET was fixed in green and cotton was dyed in ten colors, color-deepening was observed by the inclination in the direction of warp and weft without the dominance over all colors like cotton. When cotton was dyed in red and PET in ten colors, the color of PET appeared dimly in the horizontal case by the direction of the light, and red appeared as inclined in the direction of warp and weft. This is because of the dominance of cotton color over the overall color, since the density of cotton fiber, the warp of union fabrics, is higher than that of PET, the weft. Thus, this is to be considered in the selection of the warp's color. In view of the above results, the color changes are outstanding when the color of warp dominates the overall color and when the colors of warp and weft are complementary, in comparison with the case when the colors are adjacent. The colors also change by the measuring angle.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.79-85
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• 2002

To develope natural dyeing materials from the unused plant materials, we had several dyeing experiments to investigate the optimum conditions of dyeing fabrics with the waste grape juice. Dyeing experiments were done under different dyeing conditions of dyeing time, dyeing temperature, pH and concentration of dyebath and mordants which were treated after dyeing. Experimental fabrics were silk, cotton, ramie and hemp. Color difference(${\Delta}E$) and Munsell's HV/C of the dyed fabrics and color fastness of silk dyed fabrics to dry cleaning, washing, rubbing, perspiration and light were measured. The color differences of dyed experimental fabrics were very slightly increased with dyeing time and the color of dyed silk was light purple and the cotton, ramie and hemp was light red purple. The color differences of dyed experimental fabrics were decreased and the color became lighter with dyeing temperature increased. The color differences of dyed experimental fabrics were decreased and the color changed from light purple to blue with the pH of dyebath increased. The color differences of dyed experimental fabrics were slightly increased with the concentration of dyebath increased. The color of dyed fabric changed with the mordant treatment and were different among the experimental fabrics. On the whole, blue tone increased with the Al and Fe mordant and green tone increased with the Cu mordant. The color fastness of dyed silk fabrics to light, washing (change) and perspiration (change) was bad and color fastness to dry cleaning and rubbing were good.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.24 no.7
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• pp.1025-1034
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• 2000

Cotton differs from polyester in physical and chemical properties. When cotton/polyester blends are dyed, water-soluble dyes are generally used for cotton and disperse dye for polyester. Thus, two bath or one bath-two step dyeing process are usually accepted. These processes consume more energy and cost compared to a single step process. To save energy and cost, a single step dyeing and finishing is carried out with disperse dyes in the presence of a crossslinking agent. K/S values of the dyed fabrics were determined to examine the dyeing property of cotton, cotton/polyester, polyester fabrics dyed with disperse dyes in the presence of DMDHEU/PEG. The concentration of DMDHEU, molecular weight and concentration of PEG, curing time and curing temperature were varied.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.412-421
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• 2012

The yerba mate that grows in the subtropical forests of South America is an evergreen tree within the Aquifoliaceae family. The yerba mate (Ilex paraguariensis) tea is habitually used as a drink in Argentina, Paraguay, Uruguay, and Southern Brazil. A wild mate tree needs about 25 years to fully grow to 15 a height of meters; however, they only grow to a height of 3-5 meters when cultivated. The leaves are 7-11 cm long and 3-5cm wide with a serrated margin. Yerba mate tea-based beverages are made from the leaves and stems of the mate tree. It is known that they contain a rich content of antioxidants and polyphenol, vitamins, amino acids, minerals and colorants. Dyeing properties of a mate plant in the silk, wool, linen and cotton fabrics were investigated. Constituents of colorant of mate tea are chlorophyll and carotinoid; in addition, it has more minerals such as (Fe, Ca, Mn, Mg, Na, K, Zn, and Cu) than green tea. Mate tea colorants showed good affinity to silk and wool fabrics. It was found that the optimum condition for dyeing was 30 minutes for dyeing time, 7 for pH of dyebath, and at a dyeing temperature of $80^{\circ}C$. The maximum absorbance wavelength (${\lambda}_{max}$) of silk and wool fabrics dyed with mate tea were at 420-440nm; however, that of linen and cotton fabrics were at 400nm. K/S values of fabrics dyed under optimum conditions were 1.979 for silk fabrics, 1.541 for wool fabrics, 0.551 for linens and 0.465 for cotton fabrics. Munsell hue values of dyed fabrics measured 3.1Y-6.4GY for silk, 1.4Y-8.3Y for wool, 5.5Y-3.7GY for linen, and 5.3Y-1.3GY for cotton. All dyed fabrics showed hues in-between greenish yellow and greenyellow. Colorfastness to rubbing, perspiration and dry-cleaning of dyed fabrics with mate tea were very good; however, the grades of colorfastness to washing of dyed linen and cotton fabrics were poor, and colorfastness to light were poor.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.12 no.3 s.28
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• pp.383-390
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• 1988

To investigate the soil-redeposition and color change on dry-cleaning, the white and, dyed, fabrics of cotton, silk, polyester and viscose rayon were put into ordinary commercial dry-cleaning machine with soiled cloths. The solvents used were hydrocarben, perchloroethylene and fluorocarbon. From the result, we obtained the following conclusions by examining soil-redeposition, color difference of fabrics and tenacity of cotton fabric. 1. In case of white fabrics, as a whole, perchloroethylene shows the lowest soil redeposition. When distillation process is adopted, the rate of soil redeposition is lowered. with hydrocarbon sdvent. The order of soil redeposition rate of fibers are following; cotton> viscose rayon> silk> polyester. 2. In case of dyed fabrics, the color difference between soil redeposited fabrics and originals ($\delta\;E_1$) is similar with white fabrics in pattern, and the order is cotton, viscose rayon, silk and polyester. The color difference between fabrics, treated by pure solvents and originals ($\delta\;E_2$ ) is also validated as a little. It seems to be due to the bleeding of dyestuffs from fabrics. 3. There is a little change of tenacity of cotton fabrics by dry-cleaning with perchloroethylene solvent. It is supposed that the damage is more influenced the repetitive mechanical action during dry-cleaning than by acidity of the solvent having the acid value of 0,14.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.12 no.6
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• pp.837-842
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• 2010

This study examines the dyeability, light fastness, washing fastness, and antibacterial activity of chitosan and nano silver composite knit fabrics dyed with extracted solution from Chrysanthemum Indicum Linn. The results show that ${\Delta}E$ values of chitosan and nano silver composite knit fabrics were higher than cotton 100% knit fabrics in dyed condition with extracted solution from Chrysanthemum Indicum Linn, and mordant treatments influenced the chrominance change. Chrysanthemum indicum Linn confirmed that this could be a polygenetic colors. ${\Delta}E$ values of post-mordant treatments knit fabrics were higher than pre-mordant treatments knit fabrics in dyed condition with extracted solution from Chrysanthemum Indicum Linn., and mordant treatments method influenced the chrominance change. The dyeability of chitosan and nano silver composite knit fabrics was increased by mordant treatment. The fastness of the chitosan and nano silver composite knit fabrics was better than cotton 100% knit fabrics. In the result of antibacterial activity, the bacterial reduction rate of chitosan and nano silver composite knit fabrics was 99.9% to Staphylococcus aureus and Klebsiella pneumoniae.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.10 no.5
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• pp.748-755
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• 2008

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of chitosan treatment on the dyeing of cotton fabric using charcoal as colorants. Particle size of charcoal, dyeability(K/S), SEM morphology of dyed fabrics and color fastness were also investigated. In this study, cotton fabrics were treated with a crosslinking agent epichlorohydrin in the presence of chitosan to provide the cotton fabrics the dyeing properties of natural dye by the chemical linking of chitosan to the cellulose structure. The results obtained were as follows; Mean average diameter of charcoal was 1.44 ${\mu}m$. According to various conditions, the dyeing effects of 1% chitosan treatment on the dyeing of cotton fabrics using charcoal were the highest with 10%(owb) of charcoal at $90^{\circ}C$ for 120minutes and non-treatment of cotton fabrics were the highest with 15%(owb) of charcoal at $90^{\circ}C$ for 150minutes. Overall, K/S value of 1% chitosan treatment of cotton fabrics on the natural dyeing using charcoal was higher than non-treatment of cotton fabrics. It was observed the surfaces of cotton fabrics treated with chitosan were adsorbed with charcoal powders of particle size more than a non-treated chitosan fabric by SEM. The cotton fabrics were dyed with blackish gray color by charcoal gradually according to treating chitosan. The K/S value, that is indicative of dye affinity, became higher as the increase of treated chitosan concentration. The color fastness of charcoal, washing and light fastness was excellent as 4-5 grade.

• Textile Coloration and Finishing
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.181-193
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• 2013

The purpose of this study is to investigate dyeing properties and functionality of cotton and silk fabrics dyed with hot-water extract from Juniperus chinensis heartwood. Water-soluble dye of Juniperus chinensis heartwood extracted with distilled water was expressed YR color series. Dye uptake of cotton continued to increase according to the increase of the dye concentration. Its variation trends were shown to be similar to the isothermal absorption curve of the Freundlich. Dye uptake of silk was better than cotton, increased depending on increasing concentration of the dye, dyeing time and temperature. Its variation trends were shown to be similar to the isothermal absorption curve of the Langmuir. As the pH increased, the dye uptake of fabrics reduced and showed increased on red tinge. Colors of the dyed fabrics were various, depending on dye concentration and the mordant type and mordant concentration. Washing fastness, light fastness and perspiration fastness were not good. However, rubbing and dry cleaning fastness showed relatively good grade. Dyed fabrics of ultraviolet-cut ability and deodorant ability were improved. And dyed fabrics showed antimicrobial abilities of 99.9% against Staphylococcus aureus.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.42 no.6
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• pp.1016-1024
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• 2018

Lifestyle of Health and Sustainability (LOHAS) influences the development of hygienic and health-oriented functional textile products; consequently, there has been an increase in the prospects for environmentally friendly natural dyeing products with functional and sensitive characteristics. Therefore, the present study expresses a functional manifestation on fabrics by treatment with chitosan and tannin using natural Coptidis Rhizoma. Cotton and wool fabrics dyed with Coptidis Rhizoma after treatment with chitosan and tannin. Consequently, the antibiosis of fabric dyed with Coptidis Rhizoma was excellent with 99.9% bacterial reduction for Staphylococcus aureus and Klebsiella pneumoniae in both fabrics. The deodorization rate was more than 90.0% in both fabrics after 120 minutes. The UV-A protection rate was 88.2% and the UV-B protection rate was 87.7% for cotton. The UV-A protection rate was 88.2% and the UV-B protection rate was 84.3% for wool fabric. Therefore, both of the dyed fabrics showed excellent UV protection by treatment with only chitosan and tannin, without mordants. Therefore, chitosan and tannin treatments were able to manifest functionalities in the fabrics dyed with Coptidis Rhizoma.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.42 no.3
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• pp.516-529
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• 2018

This study investigated the dyeing properties and bio-functions of cotton fabrics dyed with naturally fermented Ecklonia cava extract in order to compare it with a comparison of unfermented extract. Hot water-extracted Ecklonia cava was fermented naturally under the various conditions of a fermenting period (2-8 days) and amount of molasses (0.1-1.8% v/v); in addition, it was also tested for characterization by FT-IR, antioxidant activity, total polyphenol content, and anti-microbial activity. For dyed cotton fabrics, color strength (K/S), physical color properties, dyeing fastness, sun protective property, and anti-microbial activity were evaluated considering dyeing conditions. As a result, the fermented dye under fermentation condition of 0.1% v/v with molasses during 4 days was revealed as having a similar chemical structure to the unfermented one and showed a total polyphenol content with 32.88mg/g and better antioxidant activity than the unfermented one. As for dyed fabrics, the color strength value by K/S was the highest under the condition of 0.1% v/v of molasses during 4 days among all fermenting conditions. The dyed fabrics had a reasonably good fastness (except for light). Anti-microbial activity against K. pneumoniae was better for the fermented extract-dyed fabric especially with lower dye concentrations.