• 대한치과교정학회지
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• 제32권6호
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• pp.401-411
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• 2002

정교한 교합을 달성하기 위해서는 브라켓을 정확하게 위치시키는 것이 필수적이다. 그러나, 많은 원인에 의해 브라켓의 위치가 변할 수 있다. 본 연구는 브라켓의 수직적 위치에 변화가 있을 때 이것이 치관경사도에 미치는 영향을 연구하고자 함이다. 연구대상으로는 서울대학교 치과대학 교정학교실의 정상교합자 표본 중 상태가 양호한 10명(남자 6명, 여자 4명, 평균 연령 22.3세)을 대상으로 하였으며 , 이들의 치아모형을 laser scanner를 이용, 3차원적으로 스캔을 시행하였고, 컴퓨터 프로그램 상에서 스캔된 치아모형에 대한 계측을 실시하였다. 각 모형에 대하여 Bracket plane을 설정하였고, 각 치아에서 Bracket plane에 수직이며 치아의 장축을 지나는 Tooth plane을 순협면에서 결정한 뒤 Bracket plane상에서의 치관경사도를 계측하였다. 이로부터 Bracket plane을 상하로 0.5mm, 1.0mm, 1.5mm 변위시켰을 때의 치관경사도를 계측하였다. 각 계측 항목에 대해 일원분산분석 (oneway ANOVA)과 Duncan's multiple comparison test를 시행하였다. 이상의 연구로부터 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1. 상악중절치, 측절치, 견치, 대구치와 하악소구치, 대구치에 있어서 브라켓의 수직적 위치가 변화함에 따라 치관경사도가 통계적으로 유의성 있게 차이 있는 것으로 나타났다(p<0.05). 2. 상악전치와 대구치, 하악소구치와 대구치에서는 기준평면으로부터 수직적으로 같은 양만큼 변위되었다 할지라도 보다 교합면쪽에 위치하는지, 보다 치은쪽에 위치하는지에 따라 치관경사도의 변화량이 다르게 나타났다. 3. 브라켓의 수직적 위치변화가 있을 경우 상악전치부와 대구치, 하악구치부, 이 중 특히 하악구치부의 치관경사도는 임상적으로 영향을 받게 되므로 브라켓을 위치시킬 때 주의를 요해야 할 것으로 생각된다.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.16-24
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• 1973

국산원료(國産原料)를 활용(活用)한 복합분(複合粉)으로 빵을 만들고 그들의 품질(品質)을 조사한 바 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1) 보리빵의 제조(製造)에 있어서, 표준 밀가루빵(speciffic loaf volume, SLV : 3.3)과 동일(同一)한 formula로 제조(製造) 할 때, 그 SLV 는 1.3(물 100%)으로 아주 낮았으나 탈지대두분(脫脂大豆粉)을 10% 혼합(混合)하면 1.7(물 100%)로 증가하였다. 한편 분질개량(粉質改良)을 위한 여러 가지 첨가제중(添加劑中)에서 1.5% GMS + 0.5% CSL 의 경우가 가장 우수하였다. (SLV : 2.0, 물 100%) 이에 다시 밀가루를 혼합(混合)하면 가장 효과적(效果的)이었는 바, 보리가루의 25%를 밀가루로 대체하면 그 SLV 는 2.8(물 90%)로, 50%의 경우는 3.2(물 90%)로 증가하여 표준빵과 비슷하였으며, 빵색깔도 우수하였다. 2) 고구마빵은 baking이 끝나면 흑갈색으로 되는것이 특징(特徵)이고 탈지대두분(脫脂大豆粉) 20%를 혼합(混合)하면 그 loaf volume이 증가하며 결착제(結着劑)로서 GMS + CSL의 첨가(添加)는 효과적(效果的)이었다. (SLV : 1.9, 물 100%) 고구마가루 복합분에 밀가루를 25%와 50%수준(水準)으로 혼합(混合)하면 그 SLV는 각각(各各) 2.3, 2.6(물 90%)으로 증가하고 빵색깔이 연해지며 빵조직(組織)이 개선되었다. 3) 감자가루를 주원료(主原料)로 한 제빵은 그 분질(粉質)이 고구마가루와는 다르고 GMS + CSL의 첨가(添加) 효과가 낮았다. 옥수수가루에 의한 제빵은 쌀보리가루와는 상이한 경향이었으며, 탈지(脫脂)쌀겨가루는 제빵 원료(原料)로서 부적당하였다. 4) 원료(原料) 공급(供給)면에서 전망(展望)이 보이는 쌀보리가루와 고구마가루를 주원료(主原料)로 한 5종(種)의 복합분(複合粉), 즉 (1) 쌀보리가루+탈지대두분+밀가루 (45 : 10 : 45) (2) 쌀보리가루+탈지대두분+밀가루 (67.5:10:22.5) (3) 쌀보리가루+탈지대두분 (90 : 10) (4) 고구마가루+탈지대두분+밀가루 (40 : 20 : 40) (5) 고구마가루+탈지대두분+밀가루 (60 : 20 : 20) 으로 첨가제를 넣고 제빵한 후, 밀가루빵을 표준(So)으로 하여 관능시험(官能試驗)한 결과(結果), 평균점(平均點)의 서열은 So>(1)>(2)>(3)>(5)>(4) 이었고, Duncan's multiple range test 의 결과 (1)의 빵, 즉 보리가루와 밀가루를 동량(同量)섞고 여기에 탈지대두분(脫脂大豆粉)을 10% 혼합한 복합분(複合粉)을 주원료(主原料)로 한 빵은 그 색깔, 조직(組織), 및, 향기(香氣)등의 종합평가(綜合評價)에 있어서 밀가루빵과 유의차(有意差)가 없었다.

• 한국보건간호학회지
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.388-399
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• 2002

This study would tend to clarify effects on knowledge and attitudes of smoking by preventive education for the fifth grade student in elementary school. It would also hope to contribute to activate smoking preventive education, improvement of health quality for the young and reduce school children's misdeeds. One hundred and sixty-eight school children, the fifth grade student in K city's elementary school have been gathered as testees and divided into two groups : 84 in an experimental group and other 84 in a group for comparison.. Data has been collected between 27th November, 2001 and 8th February, 2002 and methods, which were based on literature study, have been developed by myself and used after reliability test. The process has been formed in this order - pre-survey, experiment (smoking preventive education), the first post-survey and the second post-survey. The pre-survey was to fill the questionnaire and the post survey has done with the same way in 2 and 9 weeks later. The smoking preventive education has been carried out 4 times and the time for each experiment was 40 minutes. The collected data has been analysed by the purpose into $\chi^2-test$, t-test,. F-test, Duncan multiple range test with SPSS. The results of study would be as follows 1. The rate of smoking experience is $17.3\%$ and the biggest motive $(75\%)$ is curiosity. Also $5.4\%$ of respondents reply to have friends smoking a little. 2. The first hypothesis - the group with smoking preventive education would have much knowledge about smoking than comparison group - would be supported with statistical data (t=-3.329, p=.000). 3. The second hypothesis - the group with smoking preventive education would show higher attitude than the other group - would also be backed by statistically meaningful difference (t=-3.856, p=.000). 4. The variables of extent for smoking knowledge would be school record and the variables of extent for smoking attitude is friends' smoking, parents' reaction, experience until now and plan from now on.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• 제27권5호
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• pp.488-492
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• 2002

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of plasma arc curing (PAC) unit for composite and compomer curing. To compare its effectiveness with conventional quartz tungsten halogen (QTH) light curing unit, the polymerization shrinkage rates and amounts of three composites (Z100, Z250, Synergy Duo Shade) and one compomer, that had been light cured by PAC unit or QTH unit, was compared using a custome made linometer. The measurement of polymerization shrinkage was peformed after polymerization with either QTH unit or PAC unit. In case of curing with the PAC unit, the composite was light cured with Apollo 95E for 6s, the power density of which was recorded as 1350 mW/$\textrm{cm}^2$ by Coltolux Light Meter. For light curing with QTH unit, the composite was light cured for 30s with the XL2500, the power density of which was recorded as 800 mW/$\textrm{cm}^2$ by Coltolux Light Meter. The amount of linear polymerization shrinkage was recorded in the computer every 0.5s for 60s. Ten measurements were made for each material. The amount of linear polymerization shrinkage for each material in 10s and 60s which were cured with PAC or QTH unit were compared with t test. The amount of polymerization shrinkage in the tested materials were compared with 1way ANOVA with Duncan's multiple range test. As for the amounts of polymerization shrinkage in 60s, there was no difference between PAC unit and QTH unit in Z250 and Synergy Duo Shade. In Z100 and Dyract AP, it was lower when it was cured with PAC unit than when it was cured with QTH unit (p<0.05). As for the amounts of polymerization shrinkage in 10s, there was no difference between PAC unit and QTH unit in Z100 and Dyract AP. The amounts of polymerization shrinkage was significantly higher when it was cured with PAC unit in Z250 and Synergy Duo Shade (p<0.05). The amounts of polymerization shrinkage in the tested materials when they were cured with QTH unit were Z250 (6.6um) < Z100 (9.3um), Dyract AP (9.7um) < Synergy Duo Shade (11.2um) (p<0.05). The amount of polymerization shrinkage when the materials were cured with PAC unit were Dyract AP (5.6um) < Z100 (8.1um), Z250(7.0um) < Synergy Duo Shade (11.2um) (p<0.05).

• 한국식생활문화학회지
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• 제15권5호
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• pp.398-412
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• 2000

The purposes of this study are : (a) to investigate the attitude to various coffee and tea of women, (b) to analyze the characteristics of each classified group according to eating frequency, and (c) to abstract the factors which can influence the consumption of coffee and tea. Questionnaires were hand delivered to 1,200 women residing in Seoul. A total of 1012 was usable: resulting in 84% response rate. Statistical data analysis was completed using SAS Package program for the one way-analysis of variance(ANOVA), Duncan's multiple comparison test, factor analysis and analysis of covariance (ANOCOVA). (a) Instant coffee was most consumed(22.1 times a month), green tea in tea bag(8.7), Donggulre tea(8.3), Coffee (72) in order of frequency. Among Korean traditional tea Donggulre tea(8.3) and Yuja tea (2.0) were most prefered but still a minute quantity of Korean traditional tea was enjoyed. (b) Coffee and Black tea was regarded unhealthful but habitual, delicious and familiar beverage. Green tea was regarded good for health but not so habitual, practical and familiar. The consumer awareness can be grouped into 3 clases : Healthy factor, Habitual Practical factor, Familiar factor. (c) The sociodemographic characteristics of women influenced the beverage consumption. Women in their 30s and 40s consumed much of instant coffee and coffee. 10s and 20s consumed much of canned coffee. Working women drank much of instant coffee and green tea in tea bag. Women in highest income group$({\geq}\;4,000,000\;won/month)$ consumed much of coffee. (d) The factors which influenced the eating frquency of those beverages were various. The eating frequency of instant coffee was influenced by the age, familiar factor and habitual practical factor. And coffee were influenced by income level, habitual practical factor. The frequency of green tea in tea bag was influenced by habitual practical factor and familiar factor, green tea was influenced by healthy factor and habitual practical factor, Donggulre tea was influenced by habitual practical factor.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• 제30권6호
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• pp.493-504
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• 2005

본 연구는 상아질 접착제와 레진 시멘트의 적합성 여부를 알아보고자 시행하였다. 발거한 제3대구치의 상아질 표면을 노출시킨 후 Tescera ATL 복합레진 시편을 상아질 접착제 [All Bond 2 (Bisco), Clearfil SE Bond (Kuraray), Adper Prompt L-POP (3M), One-Up Bond F (Tokuyama)]와 레진시멘트 [Choice (Bisco), Panavia F (Kuraray), RelyX ARC (3M), Bistite II DC (Tokuyama)]로 접착하고 미세인장 결합강도 및 주사전자 현미경 관찰을 시행한 결론은 다음과 같다. 1. Clearfil SE Bond와 All-Bond 2가 Prompt L-Pop과 One-Up Bond F 보다 높은 미세인장 결합강도를 보였다(p<0.05). 2. Clearfil SE Bond와 All-Bond 2 사용시 1-step 상아질 접착제보다 혼성층이 두껍고 레진 tag가 길었다.

• 한국응용과학기술학회지
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• 제37권3호
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• pp.594-603
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• 2020

본 연구는 비만아동의 골격성숙도가 정상 아동들 보다 높고 성조숙증으로 이어질 확률이 높은 것을 문제점으로 삼아 비만아동의 골격성숙도에 따른 체격 및 체력의 관계를 규명함으로써 비만아동의 건강증진에 기여하는 것을 목적으로 하였다. 연구대상은 10세부터 13세의 비만아동 총 243명을 대상으로 생물학적 성숙지표를 나타내는 골격성숙도는 X-ray 촬영 후 TW3 방법을 이용하여 평가하였고, 골격성숙도에 따른 미숙집단(n=70), 보통집단(n=128), 조숙집단(n=45)으로 나누었다. 체격은 신장계, InBody 270(Biospace, Korea)을 이용하여 3개 항목을 측정하였다. 체력측정은 총 7개 항목으로 근력, 근지구력, 유연성, 순발력, 심폐지구력, 평형성, 민첩성을 측정하였다. 자료처리는 SPSS 25.0을 사용하여 기술통계, 일원변량분석(ANOVA)을 실시하였고, 사후검정은 Duncan's multiple range 방법을 이용하였으며, P< .05 수준에서 유의한 것으로 간주하였다. 본 연구의 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 골격성숙도에 따른 신장과 체중의 체격 요인에서 남자와 여자 미숙집단, 보통집단, 조숙집단 간 통계적으로 매우 유의한 차이를 보였다. 둘째, 골격성숙도에 따른 체력 비교에서 남자의 경우 근력, 순발력, 민첩성에서 유의한 차이가 나타났으며, 여자의 경우 근력, 평형성에서 유의한 차이가 나타났다.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.94-106
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• 1996

Nursing literature suggests that the self-concept of nurses gives an important implications to educators and administrators as well as clinicians for their professional development. With a view to exploring how nurses view themselves, the Professional Self-Concept of Nurses Instrument (PSCNI) using 27 Likert items was developed by Arthur in Australia in 1990. This study is an extension of the PSCNI using Korean samples with some modifications. A convenience sample was drawn from 800 nurses working in three university hospitals in Seoul ; three university hospitals in Kyonggi-do and a university hospital and a psychiatric hospital in Kangwon-do. Seven hundred questionnaires were analyzed using the statistical analysis system(SAS). The reliability of the scale was tested by test-retest and Cronbach's alpha. Differences in the PSCNI, which are closely related to demographic variables, were examined by t-test, ANOVA and the Duncan's multiple range test. Factor analysis was employed so as to examine component factors. The results are summarized as follows : 1. The test-retest reliability of the PSCNI was .79 and Cronbach's alpha was .85. Item correlations with total revealed consistent correlations and subscale reliability varied from .49 to .85. 2. The average score of PSCNI was 75.21 and average item score was 2.79. 3. Twenty four items were derived from the PSCNI 27 items and these items clustered in three component factors. The cumulative percent of variance was 38.12％ and for factor 1 was 22.81％, for factor 2, 9.79％ and for factor 3, 5.51％ respectively 4. A comparison of the scores for the dimensions of the PSCNI shows a relative difference in terms of mean item scores and in descending order, professional practice（m=2.83）, communication （m=2.82） and satisfaction（m=2.70）. 5. Professional self-concept of nurses was found to vary significantly according to age（P=.0001）, religion（P=.0001）, academic background（P= .0109）, marital status（P=.0001）, career（P= .0001） and position（P=.0001）. In conclusion, there was a correlation between professional self-concept of nurses, and life and work variables. This study provides an important message for administrators and nurse educators by highlighting factors which can be addressed by education programs, staff development and appraisal. While the test results largely confirm the Australian and Canadian tests, further research is necessary to improve the cumulative percent of variance instead of applying Arthur's PSCNI directly to Korean nurses.

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.151-166
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• 1999

The purposes of this study were to measure the degree of perceived uncertainty, social support & powerlessness, to examine the relationship between the perceived uncertainty, social support & powerlessness and then to find the predictors of powerlessness in mother's of handicapped children. The subjects of this study consist of 102 mothers of handicapped children, registered at rehabilitation & handicapped children school. Data was collected from September 1998 to March 1999. The tools used in this study were Mishel's the Parents' Perception of Uncertainty Scale (28 item, 4 likert scale), Miller's Powerlessness measurement Scale(28 itewt 4 likert scale) & Cohen's Interpersonal Support Evaluation List (40 items, 4 likert scale). Data was analyzed by t-test, ANOVA, Duncan comparison, Pearson Correlation coefficient & Stepwise multiple regression Results of this study are summarized as follows : 1. Mothers perceived their uncertainty to be slightly high(Mn 2.50). The degree of perceived uncertainty by the four components were followed as : lack of clarity(2.69), unpredictability(2.56), ambiguity(2.56) & lack of information(2.46). The degree of perceived uncertainty of the mothers of handicapped children revealed to be influenced significantly by age of children, admission experience, disability types of children. 2. The degree of mothers' powerlessness was measured to be slightly high(Mn 2.14). The degree of perceived powerlessness of the mothers with handicapped children revealed to be influenced significantly by age of children, duration of illness admission experience,8E marital status of the mothers. 3. Mothers perceived their social support to be slightly high(Mn 2.71). The degree of perceived social support revealed to be influenced significantly by sex of children, married state of mothers. 4. Mothers' uncertainty was related positively to the mothers' powerlessness(r=.33, p=.0008). And also mothers' powerlessness was related inversely to social support(r=-.50, p=.0001). But, mothers' uncertainty was not related to social support significantly. 5. To analyze the variables which affect powerlessness, stepwise regression was implemented. As a result, about 61% of the powerlessness were explained by social support, marital status of the mothers and perceived uncertainty. Based upon these results, it is recommended that the nurses, who are caring handicapped children and their families, provide various support programs for them to overcome their difficulties. Also programs which decrease the uncertainty & powerlessness used social support multidimensionally & individually are recommended to be developed.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.338-351
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• 1994

본 연구는 1992년 2월부터 1994년 8월까지 영남대학교 의과대학 부속병원 정신과 및 국립 부곡 정신병원 정신과에 외래 및 입원한 양성 정신분열증 환자 119명, 음성 정신분열증 환자 122명인 241명 (53.2%)과 정상인 집단 212명 (46.8%)으로 총 453명을 대상으로 하였다. 이들을 대상으로 하여 Zung의 자기-평가 우울척도(Self-Rating Depression Scale: SDS)와 한국판 Wechsler 지능검사(Korean Wechsler Intelligence Scale : KWIS)의 동작성 검사 중에서 바꿔쓰기 검사의 척도를 중심으로 하여 측정한 양성 및 음성 정신분열증 환자의 우울을 연구한 결과는 다음과 같다. 음성 정신분열증 집단에서 우울(p<0.001), 성욕 감퇴(p <0.01), 빈맥 (p<0.01), 피로(p <0.05), 정선운동 지체(p <0.001), 정신운동 초조(p<0.001), 절망감 (p<0.01), 과민성 (p<0.01), 우유부단(p<0.001), 자기비하(p<0.01), 공허갑(p <0.001), 자살사고의 반추 (p<0.001) 그리고 불만(p<0.001) 등은 양성 정선분열증보다 유의미하게 높이 평가된 항목이었다. 정상인 집단과 양성 및 음성 정신분열증 집단에 서 우울성향은 정상인 집단보다 정신분열증 집단에서 높은 것으로 나타났으며, 또한 음성 정신분열증집단이 양성 정신분열증집단보다 더 높은 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 결과로 음성 정신분열증 집단 의 우울수준이 양성 정신분열증 집단보다 더 높은 것으로 나타났다. 정신분열증 집단은 정상인 집단에 비해 현저한 정신운동 기능장애를 보였고, 음성 정신분열증 환 자 집단은 양성 정신분열증 환자 집단보다 정신운동 기능장애에서 그 정도가 더 심한 것으로 나타났다. 따라서 정신분열증 환자 집단이 정상인 집단보다 우울수준이 더 높고, 음성 정신분열증 환자 집단은 양성 정신분열증 환자 집단보다 우울수준이 더 높으며, 정신운동 기능장애에서도 그 정도가 더 심하다는 것으로 사료된다.