• 마이크로전자및패키징학회지
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.65-70
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• 2008

본 연구에서는 BGA(Ball Grid Array) 솔더 접합부에 high impact가 가해졌을 경우 접합부의 기계적 특성에 대해서 연구하였다. 시편은 ENIG(Electroless Nickel Immersion Gold) 표면 처리된 FR-4 기판 위에 직경이 500 ${\mu}m$인 Sn-37Pb 솔더볼을 BGA 방식으로 배열하고 리플로우(Reflow)를 통하여 제작하였다. HTS(High Temperature Storage) 테스트를 위해, 시편을 일정한 온도의 $120^{\circ}C$에서 250시간 동안 시효처리(Aging)를 실시하였다. 시효처리 후, 각각의 시편은 고속 전단 시험기(Dage-4000HS)를 이용하여 속도 변수는 0.01, 0.1, 1, 3 m/s로 설정하여 고속전단 시험을 실시하였다. 전단시험 후, 솔더 접합 계면과 파면을 주사전자현미경(Scanning Electron Microscope, SEM)을 통하여 관찰하였다. 솔더 접합 계면에는 $Ni_3Sn_4$의 금속간 화합물이 성장하였으며, 시효처리 후, 솔더 접합 계면에 생성된 금속간 화합물의 두께가 증가하는 것을 관찰 할 수 있었다. 전단 시험 결과, 전단 속도가 빨라짐에 따라 전단 강도값은 증가하는 경향을 나타내었다. 솔더 접합부의 파단은 전단 속도와 시효처리 시간에 따라 다양한 파괴 모드로 진행됨을 알 수 있었다. 또한, 파괴 모드는 연성파괴 형상을 보이다가 전단속도가 증가함에 따라 취성 파괴 형상으로 변하는 것을 알 수 있었다.

• 한국농공학회지
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• 제35권4호
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• pp.55-66
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• 1993

Upon freezing a soil swells due to phase change and its compression stress increase a lot. As the soil undergo thawing, however, it becomes a soft soil layer because the 'soil changes from a solid state to a plastic state. These changes are largely dependent on freezing temperature and repeated freezing-thawing cycle as well as the density of the soil and applied loading condition. This study was initiated to describe the effect of the freezing temperature and repeated freezing-thawing cycle on the unconfined compressive strength. Soil samples were collected at about 20 sites where soil structures were installed in Kangwon provincial area and necessary laboratory tests were conducted. The results could be used to help manage effectively the field structures and can be used as a basic data for designing and constructing new projects in the future. The results were as follows ; 1. Unconfined compressive strength decreased as the number of freezing and thawing cycle went up. But the strength increased as compression speed, water content and temperature decreased. The largest effect on the strength was observed at the first freezing and thawing cycle. 2. Compression strain went up with the increase of deformation speed, and was largely influenced by the number of the freezing-thawing cycle. 3. Secant modulus was responded sensitivefy to the material of the loading plates, increased with decrease of temperature down to - -10$^{\circ}$C, but was nearly constant below the temperature. Thixotropic ratio characteristic became large as compression strain got smaller and was significantly larger in the controlled soil than in the soil treated with freezing and thawing processes 4. Vertical compression strength of ice crystal(development direction) was 3 to 4 times larger than that of perpendicular to the crystal. The vertical compression strength was agreed well with Clausius-Clapeyrons equation when temperature were between 0 to 5C$^{\circ}$, but the strength below - 5$^{\circ}$C were different from the equation and showed a strong dependency on temperature and deformation speed. When the skew was less then 20 degrees, the vertical compression strength was gradually decreased but when the skew was higher than that, the strength became nearly constant. Almost all samples showed ductile failure. As considered above, strength reduction of the soil due to cyclic freezing-thawing prosses must be considered when trenching and cutting the soil to construct soil structures if the soil is likely subject to the processes. Especially, if a soil no freezing-thawing history, cares for the strength reduction must be given before any design or construction works begin. It is suggested that special design and construction techniques for the strength reduction be developed.