• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Plant Pathology Conference
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• 2003.10a
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• pp.104.1-104
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• 2003

To screen for potential biocontrol agents against postharvest disease of garlics caused by Penicillium hirsutum, a total of 933 isolates (432 fungi and 501 bacteria) were isolated from the rhizoshere or rhizoplane of garlics. Among them, Pantoea agglomerans isolate 59-4 (Pa 59-4) was selected for a potential biocontrol agent by in vivo wounded garlic bulb assay, When the spore suspension (10$\^$5/ spores/$m\ell$) of Penicillium hirsutum was co-inoculated with spore or cell suspension of each fungal or bacterial isolate on wounded garlics, the isolate highly suppressed disease development. Soaking garlic bulbs in the suspension of Pa 59-4 significantly reduced garlic decay from p. hirsutum. However, Pa 59-4 did not inhibit the mycelial growth of P. hirsutum in dual-culture with P. hirsutum on Tryptic soy agar. In order to elucidate mode of action of Pa 59-4 nutrient competition between Pa 59-4 and P. hirsutum was investigated using tissue culture plates with cylinder inserts containing defusing membrane reported by Janisiewicz et al. The results showed that Pa 59-4 effectively suppressed spore germination and mycelial growth of blue mold in the low concentration (0.5％) of garlic juice, but did not suppress those of blue mold in the higher concentration (5％) of garlic juice. This result suggests that the mechanism in biocontrol of garlic blue mold by Pa 59-4 may involve in nutrient competition with P. hirsutum on garlic bulbs.

• The Bulletin of The Korean Astronomical Society
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• v.40 no.2
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• pp.36.2-36.2
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• 2015

We report the first detection of linearly polarized emission at an observing wavelength of 350 mum from the radio-loud active galactic nucleus 3C 279. We conducted polarization observations for 3C 279 using the SHARP polarimeter in the Caltech Submillimeter Observatory on 2014 March 13 and 14. For the first time, we detected the linear polarization with the degree of polarization of $13.3%{\pm}3.4%$ (3.9sigma) and the electric vector position angle (EVPA) of $34.^{\circ}7{\pm}5.^{\circ}6$. We also observed 3C 279 simultaneously at 13, 7, and 3.5 mm in dual polarization with the Korean very long baseline interferometry (VLBI) Network on 2014 March 6 (single dish) and imaged in milliarcsecond (mas) scales at 13, 7, 3.5, and 2.3 mm on March 22 (VLBI). We found that the degree of linear polarization increases from 10% to 13% at 13 mm to 350 mum and the EVPAs at all observing frequencies are parallel within < $10^{\circ}$ to the direction of the jet at mas scale, implying that the integrated magnetic fields are perpendicular to the jet in the innermost regions. We also found that the Faraday rotation measures RM are in a range of $-6.5{\times}102{\sim}-2.7{\times}103$ rad m-2 between 13 and 3.5 mm, and are scaled as a function of wavelength:| {RM}| ${\backslash}propto$ {lambda }-2.2. These results indicate that the millimeter and sub-millimeter polarization emission are generated in the compact jet within 1 mas scale and affected by a Faraday screen in or in the close proximity of the jet.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.15 no.24
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• pp.10847-10853
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• 2015

Background: Lapatinib, a dual tyrosine kinase inhibitor that interrupts the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and HER2/neu pathways, has been indicated to have significant efficacy in treating HER2-positive breast cancer. However, acquired drug resistance has become a very serious clinical problem that hampers the use of this agent. In this study, we aimed to screen small molecule drugs that might reverse lapatinib-resistance of breast cancer by exploring differentially expressed genes (DEGs) via a bioinformatics method. Materials and Methods: We downloaded the gene expression profile of BT474-J4 (acquired lapatinib-resistant) and BT474 (lapatinib-sensitive) cell lines from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database and selected differentially expressed genes (DEGs) using dChip software. Then, gene ontology and pathway enrichment analyses were performed with the DAVID database. Finally, a connectivity map was utilized for predicting potential chemicals that reverse lapatinib-resistance. Results: A total of 1, 657 DEGs were obtained. These DEGs were enriched in 10 pathways, including cell cycling, regulation of actin cytoskeleton and focal adhesion associate examples. In addition, several small molecules were screened as the potential therapeutic agents capable of overcoming lapatinib-resistance. Conclusions: The results of our analysis provided a novel strategy for investigating the mechanism of lapatinib-resistance and identifying potential small molecule drugs for breast cancer treatment.

• Journal of Biomedical Engineering Research
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• v.19 no.5
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• pp.531-538
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• 1998

This paper represents the design of 3D endoscopic image processing system in order to Improve visualization and enhance the ability of the surgeon to perform delicate endoscopic surgery. The proposed 3D systems have four features of stereo endoscopic image processing The multiplexer give field seauential stereo for recording and for aligning cameras and viewing stereo with 3D monitor. Demultiplexing of the field sequential image which separates out the R and L images for dual TFT-LCD 3D monitor viewed with passive polarized glasses. separable processing of the left and right eye images, and design of TFT-LCD 3D monitor. The viewing angle, zone, and image quality of the Polarization-type Stereoscopic Display (SM500TFT-3D) system which we have developed using 15 Samsung TFT-1.CD with a screen resolution of 1024×768 pixels were measured and compared with those of Electric Shutter-type Stereoscopic Display system. The result of experiments shows that the Polarization-type Stereoscopic Display System using TFT-LCD has a wade viewing angle and zone which Is necessary fort multi-view and it has better image quality and stability of the optical performances than the Electric Shutter-type does.

• Cartoon and Animation Studies
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• s.36
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• pp.469-491
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• 2014

Webtoon has developed the method that makes it possible to express sound visually. Also we can also hear sound in webtoon through the development of web technology. It is natural that we analyze the sound that we can hear, but we can also analyze the sound that we can not hear. This study is based on 'dual code' in cognitive psychology. Cartoonists can make visual expression on the basis of auditive impression and memory, and readers can recall the sound through the process of memory and memory-retrieval. This study analyzes both audible sound and inaudable sound. Concise analysis owes the method to film sound theory. Three main factor, Volume, pitch, and tone are recognized by frequency in acoustics. On the other hand they are expressed by the thickness and site of line and image of sound source. The visual expression of in screen sound and off screen sound is related to the frame of comics. Generally the outside of frame means off sound, but some off sound is in the frame. In addition, horror comics use much sound for the effect of genre like horror film. When analyzing comics sound using this kinds of the method film sound analysis, we can find that webtoon has developed creative expression method comparing with simple ones of early comics. Especially arranging frames and expressing sound following and vertical moving are new ones in webtoon. Also types and arrangement of frame has been varied. BGM is the first in using audible sound and recently BGM composed mixing sound effect is being used. In addition, the program which makes it possible for readers to hear sound according to scroll moving. Especially horror genre raise the genre effects using this technology. Various methods of visualizing sound are being created, and the change shows that webtoon could be the model of convergence in contents.

• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.29-42
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• 2018

As information technology is more actively incorporated into automobiles, the role of IVIS (In-Vehicle Infotainment System) is becoming increasingly important for providing convenience and entertainment for drivers. However, using the infotainment systems while driving requires task switching and attending to two visual resources simultaneously. We simulated a setting where participants have to drive while interacting with the infotainment system and examined how task difficulty and motor cues impact driver task-switching and driving performance, specifically whether the effects of motor cues differ depending on task difficulty. For the infotainment display, we used two types of number array depending on the congruency between the digit repetition and the chunking unit, while task difficulty was manipulated by the size of the touch-keys. Participants were instructed to dial two numbers on the screen while we recorded the dialing time, lateral position, inter-key press intervals, and steering wheel control. We found that dialing time and lateral position were affected by task difficulty, while the type of number array had no effect. However, the inter-key press intervals between chunked numbers and steering wheel movement both increased when participants had to use an incongruent number array, which indicates that, if number digits are repeated, chunking is ignored by the drivers. Our findings indicate that, in a dual-task condition, motor cues offset the effect of chunking and can effectively signal the timing for task switching.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.13 no.12
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• pp.6155-6157
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• 2012

Background: Mutations in the MAPK (Mitogen Activated Protein Kinase) signaling pathway - EGFR/Ras/RAF/MEK have been associated with the development of several carcinomas. ERK2, a downstream target of the MAPK pathway and a founding member of the MAPK family is activated by cellular signals emanating at the cell membrane. Activated ERK2 translocates into the nucleus to transactivate genes that promote cell proliferation. MKP - a dual specific phosphatase - interacts with activated ERK2 via the common docking (CD) domain of the later to inactivate (dephosphorylate) and effectively terminate further cell proliferation. A constitutively active form of ERK2 carrying a single point mutation - E322K in its CD domain, was earlier reported by our laboratory. In the present study, we investigated the prevalence of this CD domain E322K mutation in 88 well differentiated OSCC tissue samples. Materials and Method: Genomic DNA specimens isolated from 88 oral squamous cell carcinoma tissue samples were amplified with primers flanking the CD domain of the ERK2 gene. Subsequently, PCR amplicons were gel purified and subjected to direct sequencing to screen for mutations. Results: Direct sequencing of eighty eight OSCC samples identified an E322K CD domain mutation in only one (1.1%) OSCC sample. Conclusions: Our result indicates that mutation in the CD domain of ERK2 is rare in OSCC patients, which suggests the role of genetic alterations in other mitogenic genes in the development of carcinoma in the rest of the patients. Nevertheless, the finding is clinically significant, as the relatively rare prevalence of the E322K mutation in OSCC suggests that ERK2, being a common end point signal in the multi-hierarchical mitogen activated signaling pathway may be explored as a viable drug target in the treatment of OSCC.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.31 no.8
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• pp.1103-1109
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• 2018

Objective: This study aimed to screen and identify the target genes of miR-375 in pig Sertoli (ST) cells and to elucidate the effect of miR-375 on the proliferation of ST cells. Methods: In this study, bioinformatics software was used to predict and verify miR-375 target genes. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to detect the relationship between miR-375 and its target genes in ST cells. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) of rearranged L-myc fusion (RLF) and hypoxia-induced gene domain protein 1A (HIGD1A) was performed on porcine ST cells, which were transfected with a miR-375 mimics and inhibitor to verify the results. Dual luciferase reporter gene assays were performed to assess the interactions among miR-375, RLF, and HIGD1A. The effect of miR-375 on the proliferation of ST cells was analyzed by CellTiter 96 AQueous One Solution Cell Proliferation Assay (MTS). Results: Five possible target genes of miR-375, including RLF, HIGD1A, colorectal cancer associated 2, POU class 3 homeobox 1, and WW domain binding protein 1 like, were found. The results of quantitative PCR suggested that mRNA expression of RLF and HIGD1A had a negative correlation with miR-375, indicating that RLF and HIGD1A are likely the target genes of miR-375. The ELISA results revealed that RLF and HIGD1A were negatively correlated with the miR-375 protein level. The luminescence results for the miR-375 group cotransfected with wild-type RLF and HIGD1A vector were significantly lower than those of the miR-375 group co-transfected with the blank vector or mutant RLF and HIGD1A vectors. The present findings suggest that RLF and HIGD1A are target genes of miR-375 and that miR-375 inhibits ST cell proliferation according to MTS analysis. Conclusion: It was speculated that miR-375 affects cell proliferation through its target genes, which play an important role in the development of testicular tissue.

• Journal of Information Technology Applications and Management
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.59-75
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• 2021

This study aims to establish a foundation for autonomous driving on campus and communication of abundant university information in the HCI environment in a VR environment where college freshmen can freely travel around campus facilities. The purpose of this study is to develop a three-dimensional VR-style campus tour system to establish a media environment to provide abundant university information guidance services to freshmen in non-face-to-face situations. This study designed a three-dimensional virtual reality campus tour system to solve the problem of discontinuity in which VR360 filming space does not lead to space like reality, and to solve many problems of expertise in VR technology by constructing an integrated production environment of tour system. We aim to solve the problem of inefficiency, which requires a large amount of momentum in virtual space, by constructing a GUI that utilizes the motion of the field of view focus. The campus environment was designed as a three-dimensional virtual reality using a three-dimensional graphic design. In non-face-to-face situations, college freshmen freely transformed the HMD VR device, smartphone, FPS operation mode of the gyroscope sensor. The design elements of the three-dimensional virtual reality campus tour system were classified as ①Visualization of factual experiences, ②Continuity of space movement, ③Operation, automatic operation mode, ④Natural landscape animation, ⑤Animation according to wind direction, ⑥Actual space movement mode, ⑦Informatization of spatial understanding, ⑧GUI by experience environment, ⑨Text GUI by building, ⑩VR360, 3D360 Studio Environment, ⑪Three-dimensional virtual space coupling block module, ⑫3D360-3D Virtual Space Transmedia Zone, ⑬Transformable GUI(VR Device Dual Viewer-Gyro Sensor Full Viewer-FPS Operation Viewer) and an integrated production environment was established with each element. It is launched online (http://vautu.com/u1) by constructing a GUI for free driving mode and college information screens to adapt to college life for freshmen, and designing an environment that can be used simultaneously by current media such as PCs, Android, and iPads. Therefore, it conducted user research, held a development presentation, a forum on excellence in university innovation support projects, and applied it as a system on the website of a particular university. College freshmen will be able to experience university information directly from the web and app to the virtual reality campus environment.

• Journal of IKEEE
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.782-785
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• 2021

In this paper, we propose a personalized cooling management system with thermal imaging camera. The proposed equipment uses a thermal imaging camera to control the amount of cold air and the system according to the difference between the user's skin temperature before and after the procedure. When the skin temperature is abnormally low, the cold air supply is cut off to prevent the possibility of a safety accident. It is economical by replacing the skin temperature sensor with a thermal imaging camera temperature measurement, and it can be visualized because the temperature can be checked with the thermal image. In addition, the proposed equipment improves the sensitivity of the sensor that measures the distance to the skin by calculating the focal length by using a dual laser pointer for the safety of a personalized cooling management system to which a thermal imaging camera is applied. In order to evaluate the performance of the proposed equipment, it was tested in an externally accredited testing institute. The first measured temperature range was -100℃~-160℃, indicating a wider temperature range than -150~-160℃(cryo generation/USA), which is the highest level currently used in the field. In addition, the error was measured to be ±3.2%~±3.5%, which showed better results than ±5%(CRYOTOP/China), which is the highest level currently used in the field. The second measured distance accuracy was measured as below ±4.0%, which was superior to ±5%(CRYOTOP/China), which is the highest level currently used in the field. Third, the nitrogen consumption was confirmed to be less than 0.15 L/min at the maximum, which was superior to the highest level of 6 L/min(POLAR BEAR/USA) currently used in the field. Therefore, it was determined that the performance of the personalized cooling management system applied with the thermal imaging camera proposed in this paper was excellent.