• The Journal of Advanced Prosthodontics
• /
• v.12 no.2
• /
• pp.61-66
• /
• 2020

PURPOSE. The aim of the present study was to determine the degree of conversion of light- and dual-cured resin cements used in the cementation of all-ceramic restorations under different thicknesses of translucent (T) and high-translucent (HT) polymer-infiltrated ceramic-network (PICN) material. MATERIALS AND METHODS. T and HT PICN blocks were prepared at 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, and 2.0 mm thicknesses (n=80). Resin cement samples were prepared with a diameter of 6 mm and a thickness of 100 ㎛. Light-cured resin cement was polymerized for 30 seconds, and dual-cure resin cement was polymerized for 20 seconds (n=180). Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) was used for degree of conversion measurements. The obtained data were analyzed with ANOVA and Tukey HSD, and independent t-test. RESULTS. As a result of FTIR analysis, the degree of conversion of the light-cured resin cement prepared under 1.5- and 2.0-mm-thick T and HT ceramics was found to be lower than that of the control group. Regarding the degree of conversion of the dual-cured resin cement group, there was no significant difference from the control group. CONCLUSION. Within the limitation of present study, it can be concluded that using of dual cure resin cement can be suggested for cementation of PICN material, especially for thicknesses of 1.5 mm and above.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
• /
• 1998.06a
• /
• pp.41-44
• /
• 1998

Dual mode resonators were fabricated using high temperature superconductor. The deposited material was $Y_1Ba_2Cu_3O_{7-x}$(YBCO) on MgO(100) substrate using pulsed laser deposition. Dual mode resonators were patterned by standard photolithography process and wet etching. At the back-side of the substrate, the ground plane with the metal layer of Ti and Ag was fabricated. The transition temperatures of YBCO films were 85-88 K, and network analyzer was used for testing the performance of the resonators. The input/output feedline angles of each resonator were $60^{\circ}$and $100^{\circ}$. The resonant frequency of resonators was 10 GHz. In this paper, dual mode resonator was fabricated for the application of satellite communication.

• Journal of the Korean Operations Research and Management Science Society
• /
• v.27 no.2
• /
• pp.153-171
• /
• 2002

In this paper, we present an efficient pricing strategy, the pivot and probe Algorithm for Network Flow Problems(PAPANET), specifically for solving capacitated, linear network flow problem (NPs). The PAPANET begins with an initial relaxed network problem(RNP), consisting of all the nodes and initial candidate arcs(possibly a few least cost arcs form the original problem and a set of all the artificial and slack arcs). After an initial solution to the RNP is derived by pivoting, the PROBE procedure identifies a set of most violated arcs from the noncandidate arcs that are not considered to be in the current RNP, and adds them to the RNP. The procedure also discards a set of least favorable, zero flow, nonbasic arcs from the RNP. The new RNP is solved to optimality and the procedure continues until all of the dual constraints of the noncandidate arcs are satisfied by the dual solution to the RNP. The PAPANET effectively reduces the problem size, time per pivot, and solution CPU time by eliminating noncandidate arcs. Computational tests on randomly generated problems indicate that PAPANET achieves and average savings of 50-80% of the solution CPU time of that of a comparable standard network simplex implementation.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
• /
• v.10 no.5
• /
• pp.2267-2285
• /
• 2016

Information Centric Networking that uses content name instead of IP address as routing identifier can handle challenges such as traffic explosion and user mobility, but it also suffers from scalability and incompatibility problems. In this paper by combining the concept of software defined networking and Internet end to end arguments, we propose a wide area deployable software defined information centric networking service model named SD-ICN. SD-ICN employs a dual space structure that separates edge service network and core transmission network. The enhanced SDN techniques are used in edge service network in order to implement intelligent data routing and caching, while traditional IP technique is reserved in core transmission network so as to provide wide area high speed data transmission. Besides, a distributed name resolution system based on the cooperation of different controllers is also presented. The prototype experiments in our campus network show that SD-ICN can be deployed in a scalable and incremental way with no modification of the core network, and can support typical communication modes such as multicast, mobility, multihoming, load balancing, and multipath data transmission effectively.

• Journal of Advanced Navigation Technology
• /
• v.13 no.4
• /
• pp.551-558
• /
• 2009

Most of clustering schemes focusing on the energy efficiency have only a cluster head in each cluster, thus the energy consumption of cluster head in a cluster can rapidly increase. To reduce the energy consumption, recently, the dual-layered clustering which is separated a cluster ranges into two parts, i.e., data aggregation layer and data transmission layer, based on a sensor equipped with geographical positioning system (GPS), was proposed. However, the logical regions existing within the dual-layered clustering range can not distinguish efficiently. This scheme leads to many messages collision and transmission delay among member nodes. In this paper, to solve these problems, we propose a separated dual-layered routing scheme using the position information and the cluster radius. Proposed scheme clearly distinguish the dual-layered clustering range and gets the balanced number of member nodes in each cluster. Therefore, the proposed routing scheme could prolong the overall network life time about 10% compared to the previous two layered clustering scheme and LEACH.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
• /
• v.11 no.11
• /
• pp.5338-5359
• /
• 2017

In-band full-duplex (IBFD) wireless communication supports symmetric dual transmission between two nodes and asymmetric dual transmission among three nodes, which allows improved throughput for distributed IBFD wireless networks. However, inter-node interference (INI) can affect desired packet reception in the downlink of three-node topology. The current Half-duplex (HD) medium access control (MAC) mechanism RTS/CTS is unable to establish an asymmetric dual link and consequently to suppress INI. In this paper, we propose a medium access control mechanism for use in distributed IBFD wireless networks, FD-DMAC (Full-Duplex Distributed MAC). In this approach, communication nodes only require single channel access to establish symmetric or asymmetric dual link, and we fully consider the two transmission modes of asymmetric dual link. Through FD-DMAC medium access, the neighbors of communication nodes can clearly know network transmission status, which will provide other opportunities of asymmetric IBFD dual communication and solve hidden node problem. Additionally, we leverage FD-DMAC to transmit received power information. This approach can assist communication nodes to adjust transmit powers and suppress INI. Finally, we give a theoretical analysis of network performance using a discrete-time Markov model. The numerical results show that FD-DMAC achieves a significant improvement over RTS/CTS in terms of throughput and delay.

• Proceedings of the KSR Conference
• /
• 2009.05a
• /
• pp.396-405
• /
• 2009

An interlocking equipment of railway signalling systems should have very high functional safety and reliability properties because of its vital railway protection functionality. In order to achieve the required safety and reliability level, an engineer, in general, designs and implements the interlocking equipment to operate under RTOS(Realtime Operating System) environment, and the control hardware architecture redundant to cope with the random failures of system or subsystem. In such an architecture, it's very difficult to implement the interlocking equipment to communicate with various interface systems including the signal operator's terminal. In this paper, we propose a dual ethernet network topology and dual packet seamless transfer protocol algorithm for railway signaling system such as the interlocking equipment. We verify in this paper that the proposed DPST protocol algorithm has the evidence of its robust properties against the random hardware faults and communication errors. The proposed communication structure and algorithm is implemented in the electronic interlocking equipment for the private railway system of Hyundai Steel Company and its performance and properties are validated on the guideline of European Railway Standard EN50159.

• Journal of Power Electronics
• /
• v.12 no.1
• /
• pp.1-9
• /
• 2012

This study investigates an application of the Hamming network-dual extended Kalman filter (DEKF) based on pattern recognition for high accuracy state-of-charge (SOC)/capacity estimation and state-of-health (SOH) prediction at various temperatures. The averaged nine discharging/charging voltage-temperature (DCVT) patterns for ten fresh Li-Ion cells at experimental temperatures are measured as representative patterns, together with cell model parameters. Through statistical analysis, the Hamming network is applied to identify the representative pattern that matches most closely with the pattern of an arbitrary cell measured at any temperature. Based on temperature-checking process, model parameters for a representative DCVT pattern can then be applied to estimate SOC/capacity and to predict SOH of an arbitrary cell using the DEKF. This avoids the need for repeated parameter measuremet.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
• /
• 2004.11c
• /
• pp.349-351
• /
• 2004

The classical dynamic backpropagation learning algorithm has the problems of learning speed and the determine of learning parameter. The Extend Kalman Filter(EKF) is used effectively for a state estimation method for a non linear dynamic system. This paper presents a learning algorithm using Dual Extended Kalman Filter(DEKF) for Fully Recurrent Neural Network(FRNN). This DEKF learning algorithm gives the minimum variance estimate of the weights and the hidden outputs. The proposed DEKF learning algorithm is applied to the system identification of a nonlinear SISO system and compared with dynamic backpropagation learning algorithm.

• Journal of Korean Society for Quality Management
• /
• v.28 no.1
• /
• pp.105-118
• /
• 2000

In this paper, we consider an interconnection network, DRDT (Dual Receive Dual Transmit), that is a double-loop ring topology and adopts the concept of multiple packets transmission. For three types of DRDT configurations, we investigate some properties related to path sets and discuss the method for finding minimal path sets. Using the concept of the terminal reliability and the path sets approach, we evaluate the reliability of the DRDT networks and compare them with a single ring network and a unidirectional double-loop ring network.