• 한국식생활문화학회지
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.11-16
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• 1997

The Nara Dynasty of Japan lasted from 710 to 784 A.D, which corresponds to the period of the Unified Shilla Kingdom of Korea. The Nara Dynasty enacted the 'Daiho Law and Ordinance' by referring to those of Tang Dynasty of China. Under these legal systems, the Ministries were defined, and foods were used for paying taxes or as currency. The characteristics of the dietary culture in Nara Dynasty were as follows. 1) They obtained food from rice and other grain farming, hunting and fishery. Rice was their main staple and was also used for preparing porridge and brewing wine. 2) Under the influence of Buddhism, meat was prohibited, and milks or dairy products were supplemented for improving malnutritional status. 3) They also used seasonings, spices and sweeteners to enhance the taste and produced medicines by extracting plants, animals and minerals. 4) While chopsticks were made of bamboo, willow, silver, shell, tree or bronze, such utensils as pan earthenware steamer, or charcoal pots were used for preparing meals. 5) Highly qualified utensils, made of porcelains painted with lacguetr, metal, glass, horn and stone, were produced as handcraft art wad developed. 6) Chinese style cousines and cooking methods were popular and various types of preserving techniques like drying or salting were used. Processed cookies were also developed. 7) Although flour was used mainly among noble class people, ordinary people also used it. The royal families ate milk products a lot and even fried foods. 8) One can say that Buddism exerted an influence on Vegetarianism from this era.

• 한국안전학회지
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.72-78
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• 2002

Among the disposal techniques of inorganic wastewater sludges from industries most of sludges were dealed with buring underground inefficiently. But we have tried to recycle the resources that exhausted inorganic sludges were properly blended to certain ratioes to make lightweight aggregate, that means manufacturing of it can be possible through blending of various components, drying, sintering, cooling and crushing to certain sizes that are needed by consumers. As disposal method of inorganic wastewater sludge is changed to environmentally fraternative method, this method could be very useful to make lightweight aggregates for decoration of building and the other so many purposes of those usages. That could be economically useful due to expected income for buring costs of ordinary disposal method form industries and sales income after manufacturing it. The second important profit is saving foreign currency from purchasing self-developed lightweight aggregate insteas of importing expensive foreign product. This product will be also very impressive to user because of the fraternative lightweight to be composed of apatite structure that is important part of human body.

• Transactions on Electrical and Electronic Materials
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.24-28
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• 2003

(Ba,Sr,Ca)TiO$_3$ powders, prepared by the sol-gel method, were mixed with organic binder and the BSCT thick films were fabricated by the screen printing techniques on alumina substrates. All the BSCT thick films, sintered at 1420$^{\circ}C$, showed the typical XRD patterns of a perovskite polycrystalline structure. The average grain sizes decreased with increasing amounts of ZrO$_2$, and the BSCT(40/40/20) thick films doped with 2wt% MnO$_2$ showed a value of 8$\mu\textrm{m}$. The thickness of thick films by four-cycle on printing/drying was approximately 951$\mu\textrm{m}$. The relative dielectric constant decreased with increasing Ca content and MnO$_2$ doping amount. The relative dielectric constant, dielectric loss and tunability of the BSCT(50/40/10) thick films doped with 2.0wt% ZrO$_2$ were 772, 0.184％ and 15.62%, respectively.

• International Journal of Concrete Structures and Materials
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• 제10권3호
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• pp.383-391
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• 2016

This paper reports the results of an experimental program involving several small-scale columns which were constructed to simulate corrosion damage in the field using two accelerated corrosion techniques namely, constant voltage and constant current. A total of six columns were cast for this experiment. For one pair of regular RC columns, corrosion was accelerated using constant voltage and for another pair, corrosion was accelerated using constant current. The remaining pair of regular RC columns was used as control. In the experiment, all the columns were subjected to cyclic wetting and drying using sodium chloride (NaCl) solution. The currents were monitored on an hourly interval and cracks were visually checked throughout the test program. After the specimens had suffered sufficient percentage steel loss, all the columns including the control were tested to failure in compression. The test results generated show that accelerated corrosion using impressed constant current produces more corrosion damage than that using constant voltage. The results suggest that the constant current approach can be better used to simulate corrosion damage of reinforced concrete structures and to assess the effectiveness of various materials, repair strategies and admixtures to resist corrosion damage.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제33권2호
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• pp.229-238
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• 2013

Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) are added to different food products for a long time due to health beneficial effects on human host. LAB is applied in dairy products, such as yoghurt, cheese, and various fermented products, and also in non-dairy products, such as sausages. However, reaching the human gut alive as well as in a sufficient cell amount to exert positive health effects is still a big challenge, due to LAB sensitive character and vulnerability against harsh and detrimental conditions in human digestive system. Keeping physiological activity of sensitive LAB strains alive is for the formulation of novel food products with a probiotic health claim of utmost interest, thus microencapsulation has been applied and investigated as a promising technique for a good and reliable protection. Microencapsulation allows reduced cell injury or cell loss by retaining cells within the encapsulating membrane and can be enforced by spray-drying, emulsion, extrusion, and a range of other technologies in combination with an appropriate coating material, such as alginate, chitosan, and mixture of these two polymers. In this review, established and well-studied microencapsulation techniques with their favored coating materials, as well as the recent applications of microencapsulated LAB into dairy products will be discussed.

• 한국재료학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국재료학회 2009년도 춘계학술발표대회
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• pp.44.2-44.2
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• 2009

BCP powder was synthesized using microwave hydrothermal process with mixed calcium hydroxide and phosphoric acid. After using replica method, porous BCP scaffold was fabricated. PU (Poly Urethane) was used as the fugitive skeleton to fabricate the porous scaffold. BCP powder was mixed in PVB (Polyvinyl butyral) and ethanol solution and then applied to the PU foam by dip coating. After several times of coating and the subsequent oven drying the coated PU foam was burnt out at $750^{\circ}C$ at air to remove the PU. The resulting networked porous composites were sintered at $1250^{\circ}C$, $1300^{\circ}C$ and $1350^{\circ}C$ in microwave furnace for 30 minutes. Material properties of the porous bodies like compressive strength and porosity were investigated. Detailed microstructure of the BCP porous body was characterized by SEM and XRD and TEM techniques. In our experiments, the relationship between mechanical property and viscosity of powder, sintering temperature was investigated.

• 대한조선학회논문집
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• 제56권6호
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• pp.532-540
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• 2019

This study describes a test method for evaluating the ice friction and abrasion performance of polar coatings. The evaluation methods of physical properties of general coatings for ocean-going vessels and polar coatings for ice-going vessels were investigated and their limitations were analyzed. We have also reviewed previous researches related to the development of polar paints and confirmed the necessity of developing test techniques. A flat steel plate was coated with several types of commercial coating, and cold model ice was used to cause ice friction and abrasion events between coated surface and ice. For evaluation of ice friction and abrasion performances, test procedures such as measurement of coating surface roughness, measurement of frictional force using model ice, implementation of ice abrasion and drying of coating surface were developed. The friction and abrasion characteristics of each coating are analyzed and summarized through the change of friction force and roughness data according to the progress of ice abrasion.

• 식품과학과 산업
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• 제49권2호
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• pp.51-55
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• 2016

The needs to develop high value-added foods are expanding due to the trends of food market, such as importance of food security by enlarged international free trades and expanded market size for processed foods. However, our home country exhibits limit transport to development of new products and high-value added area compared to other advanced countries. For this reason Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs and Institute of Planning and Evaluation for Technology have launched "High Value-Added Food Technology Development Program" for improvement of value of food resources for practical use since 2013. The program contains research to increase the values of agricultural and animal resources and the construction of database. Main research topics are studies in pretreatment techniques to improve the values of agricultural and animal resources, improvement of acceptability, and processing qualities that would be engrafted on materializaton and commercialization technologies. In addition the construction of a consolidated database regarding the research achievements is included in the program. Currently, studies in processing qualities for about 30 food materials re under progress, being suitable for materialization, for examples drying, fermentation, grinding, heat-treatment, and so on. The research results are provided in public through the consolidated database website after reconstruction in the form of united database format. To date the database containing the about 300 of research contents for process qualities has been constructed.

• 한국가금학회지
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• 제28권3호
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• pp.215-224
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• 2001

질소(N)는 그 자체가 환경적인 요인에 따라 영향을 받는 휘발성 물질이어서 가축의 분뇨(분에는 반드시 뇨가 묻어 있기 때문에 다음부터는 분이라는 말로 대치한다)중에 함유되어 있는 N의 함량을 정량하기란 무척 어렵다. 우선 가축의 분이 실험실에 도착하면 수분이 있는 상태에서 냉장고에 보관되어야 한다. 분중에 함유되어 있는 N는 건조 온도에 따라 함량에 변화를 일으키며 또 시료에 흙이 묻어 있는가에 따라서도 N의 함량 정량에 영향을 받는다. 시료를 산성화하면 암모니아의 휘발이 방해된다. 따라서 시료를 산성화시킬 때는 건조전에 이루어져야 한다. 분 분석을 위한 이상적인 분 전처리는 강산화제 ($KMnO_{4}$ )로 우선 처리 한 후 다시 환원제 (Fe- $H_{2}$ $SO_{4}$)를 처리한 상태에서 시료를 소화시키면 가장 정량하기 어려운 $NH_{4}$ -N도 같이 정량이 가능하며 질소의 전체정량이 정확히 이루어질 수 있다. 질소정량의 정확성이 야외에서 이루어질 수 있도록 최근 여러 가지의 약식분석방법이 개발되고 있지만 그 결과는 반드시 공인된 분석방법에 의하여 실험실에서 분석된 결과치와 비교되어야 한다. 실험실에서 일반적으로 질소 정량에 많이 이용되고 있는 방법은 켈달 분석방법이다. 앞으로 가축의 종류나 품종, 나이 또는 개체간에 대한 분의 영양소 함량에 관한 연구가 많이 이루어져야 한다. 또 분에 대한 농장에서의 시료 채취과정, 운반, 및 실험실에 도착한 후 처리 과정 그 다음 실험실에서 분석을 위한 시료채취과정 등에 대한 연구도 이루어져야 한다. 사료, 분뇨, 토양, 그리고 물을 함께 분석하는 동물농업의 발전을 필요하며 적당한 전문가의 이용이 필요하다.

• 한국환경농학회지
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.164-168
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• 2005

인삼의 휘발성 성분 분석 시 SFSI를 이용한 분석법의 최적화를 일하여 실험을 수행하였다. 최적화를 위하여 세 가지 시료조제방법인 생체시료, oven건조와 동결건조를 검토하였고, GC injector 온도는 100, 150, 200, 250, $300^{\circ}C$에서의 휘발성분 분석효율을 검토하였으며, 모세관에서 시료의 기화 시간인 preheating time은 3, 5, 7, 10, 15 min의 조건에서 검토한 결과, 시료 조제방법은 생체시료를 그대로 사용 시, GC injector 온도는 $250^{\circ}C$일 때 preheating time은 10min일 때 가장 분석효율이 높았다. 휘발성분 분석을 위해 사용된 인삼은 금산에서 재배한 6년근 삼으로 수삼, 백삼, 홍삼을 사용하였으며, SFSI가 장착된 CC/MS에 의해 휘발성분을 분석, 동정하였다. 분석결과 수삼에서는 33종, 백삼에서는 36종, 홍삼에서는 38종의 휘발성분이 분석되어져 SFSI에 의한 분석법이 인삼의 휘발성분을 분석, 동정하는 방법으로 이용될 수 있음을 보여주고 있다.