• 대한지리학회지
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• 제34권3호
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• pp.247-264
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• 1999

In this study, I investigate how city parks have been created, and what are some characteristics of the location and function of 69 city parks in Tokyo. The city parks in Tokyo have been made in three patterns. The first is planned parks which have been created as a urban facilities considering the scales and types. The second is memorial parks which have been made to memorialize the national monumental event or to preserve natural and cultural resources. The third is public property parks which have been made by occurrence of public vacant land which is resulted from the grant of Royal Garden, restoration of public rented ground, producton of reclaimed land, utilization of dry river bed. The city parks can be classified in five patterns according to distance from CBD and park area. The first is central parks which have historical characteristics strongly. The second is planned parks that are specialized functionally. The third is large scale urban edge parks which are located in the edge of 23-Gu(district) in Tokyo. The fourth is hill parks which have natural characteristics strongly. The fifth is waterside parks that are located along a lake, a pond, a river, or artificial waterside facilities. From this study I have found out that a great effort has been made to activate the utilization of parks for residents in Tokyo, through mnagement goals and ways of parks, composition and chatacteristics of park facility resources, various Events, residents participation in undertaking of parks.

• 상하수도학회지
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.75-84
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• 2011

This study was conducted to provide a basic information for the establishment of operation and treatment processes in sewer system of Nakdong river basin to minimize the overall pollutants loading to water body. Sewage flowrates were regularly measured and monitored at various sampling points of newly-built separated sewer system located in G City GA sites. To assess the inflow sewage flowrate, various calculating methods such as water-use evaluation, average-minimum daily flow quality evaluation, minimum daily flow evaluation, night water-use evaluation were used. Average I/Is were calculated except water-use evaluation. Average I/Is were found to be 6.5 $m^{3}/d$, 3.5 $m^{3}/d$, 7.7 $m^{3}/d$ at GA-1, GA-2, GA-3 points respectively. I/I ratios of three areas were found to be 4.8 %, 2.0 % and 2.7 % respectively and were obviously lower than those of the other separated sewer systems as shown in the previous studies.

• 한국지형학회지
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.47-59
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• 2017

This study aims to analyze geomorphologically Jaein Falls in Hantangang Lava Plateau for the landform structure, landform classification, falls dissection and recession. The height and recession length of the Falls are approximately 18m and 340m. after dissection valley arrive at area of the Jijangbong Volcanic Rock Complex of Mesozoic era, the fall will disappear. The structure of the dissection valley shows totally well vertical columnar joint near falls and plunge pool, colluvial talus deposits toward lower reach by the freezing-thawing and wet-dry activities, and alluvial cone and delta in estuary to Hantangang River. The Falls' age date and recession rate in the valley maybe relate to the age of the lava plateau. The estimated recession rate of the fall should be 8.75m/ka to 2.3m/ka, depending on the age 500ka to 40ka in lava plateau.

• 한국기후변화학회지
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• 제6권3호
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• pp.167-173
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• 2015

The purpose of study is to identify trophic pathways from organic matter to macroinvertebrates in terms of the consumer and to characterize the food webs in an intermittent stream system of the Echi River in Japan. The ${\delta}^{13}C$ values of macroinvertebrates and their potential food sources indicated the scraper (Psephenoides spp., Ecdyonurus levis) and collector-gatherer (Ephemera strigata, Paraleptonphlebia chocolata) feed on periphyton and POM (particulate organic matter) in situ. Davidius lunatus, and Hexatoma spp., which were identified as predators, may feed upon Ephemera strigata and Stenelmis larvae, respectively. At station characterized by seepage water, the ${\delta}^{15}N$ values of Ecdyonurus levis, Lymnaea auricularia, and Rhyacophila nigrocephala larva probably showed relatively lower values according to its diets. Even in homogenous species, the trophic pathways of macroinvertebrates in situ exhibited considerable variation; this reflected the trophic pathways from organic matter to the consumer depending on habitat characteristics in stream.

• 한국지반공학회논문집
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• 제33권1호
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• pp.57-65
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• 2017

본 연구에서는 성토, 보조기층, 옹벽 뒤채움 토사의 함수비를 신속하게 측정할 목적으로 현장에서 주로 사용되는 칼슘 카바이드의 화학적 반응을 이용한 급속 함수비 측정방법의 정확도 및 신뢰성에 대해 연구하였다. 이를 위해 급속 함수비 측정방법에서 얻은 실험 결과와 항온 건조로 및 전자레인지를 이용하여 얻은 결과를 비교, 분석하였다. 함수비시험에는 국내 현장에서 채취한 화강풍화토와 낙동강모래를 비롯하여 모래-카올리나이트 혼합토를 사용하였다. 먼저 급속 함수비시험에서는 20, 22, 24, 26, 28, 30g의 시료를 각각 1, 3, 5분으로 작동하여 시료 양과 작동시간에 따른 함수비의 영향을 비교, 분석하였다. 시료 양과 작동시간이 증가함에 따라 급속 함수비도 일반적으로 증가하였으며, 작동시간보다는 시료 양이 더 큰 영향을 미쳤다. 흙의 통일분류법 상 SM으로 분류된 화강풍화토의 경우에는 24g으로 3분 측정한 급속 함수비가 항온 건조로로 구한 함수비와 가장 유사하였으며, SP로 분류된 낙동강모래의 경우에는 30g으로 3분 측정한 경우가 가장 유사하였다. 낙동강모래에 카올리나이트가 20-50% 함유된 인공 시료의 경우, 급속 함수비는 점토 함유량이 증가함에 따라 증가하는 경향을 보였다.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제8권4호
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• pp.219-224
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• 1976

남해안일대(南海岸一帶)에서 1974년 9월에 수집한 패류(貝類), 해조류(海藻類), 저질토(底質土) 및 수질(水質)중의 유기염소계(有機鹽素系) 농약잔류량을 분석한 결과는 다음과 같다. 1) 패류(貝類)중 잔류농약은 산지(産地) 및 종류에 따라 달리 나타났는 바 산지(産地)별로는 충무>여수>목포의 순으로, 패류(貝類)별로는 소라>바지락>홍합>백합>꼬막의 순으로, 농약별로는 aldrin> ${\alpha}-BHC$ > heptachlor > ${\gamma}-BHC$ > dieldrin > heptachlor epoxide > endrin의 순으로 $0-49\;{\mu}g/kg$ (육질(肉質) 생체중(生體重))의 범위에 존재하였다. 2) 완도산(莞島産) 해조류(海藻類)중 잔류농약은 미역>파래>김>의 순으로 그리고 ${\alpha}-BHC$ > ${\gamma}-BHC$ > aldrin > dieldrin > heptachlor > heptachlor epoxide > endrin의 순으로 $0-60\;{\mu}g/kg$(건물중(乾物重))의 범위에 존재하였다. 3) 수질(水質) 및 저질토(底質土)중의 잔류농약은 지역별로는 영산강> 낙동강>섬진강>충무양식장의 순으로 수질(水質)에서는 ${\alpha}-BHC$ > ${\gamma}-BHC$ > aldrin >heptachlor >dieldrin > heptachlor epoxide > endrin의 순으로 $0-180\;{\mu}g/kl$의 범위에 존재하였으며 저질토(底質土)에서는 ${\alpha}-BHC$ > ${\gamma}-BHC$ > aldrin > dieldrin > heptachlor > heptachlor epoxide > endrin의 순으로 $0.7-18\;{\mu}g/kg$(건물중(乾物重))의 범위에 존재하였다. 특히 영산강 및 낙동강 하류(下流)의 수질(水質)중 BHC함량(含量)은 미국에서의 환경기준치(環境基準値)를 훨신 상회(上廻)하였다.

• 한국지구과학회지
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• 제33권6호
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• pp.510-518
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• 2012

경남 진주시 남강유역에서 채취한 퇴적물을 이용하여 홀로세 기후 변화를 연구하였다. 기후 변화를 해석하기 위해 휴무스와 토양유기탄소를 분석하였고, 퇴적물의 생성 연대를 파악하기 위해 OSL과 탄소연대측정을 하였다. 이 퇴적층의 형성 시기는 약 $10,000{\pm}100$ yr. BP 부터 약 $4,370{\pm}50$ yr. BP (2,970 BC) 사이에 해당된다. 퇴적층의 토색과 입도에 의해 5개의 층으로 구분하였고 각각의 기후 변화를 해석하였다. 전체 퇴적층의 기후는 대체로 온난한 것으로 해석된다. 5개의 퇴적층 중 I층은 최하부층, V층은 최상부층에 해당되며, 기온에 있어서 I, II 그리고 III구간에서는 상대적으로 냉량했던 추이가 감지되었다. 건습에 있어서는 II구간과 III구간이 상대적으로 건조하였던 것으로 파악된다. IV구간과 V구간은 상대적으로 온난하고 건조하였으며, IV구간은 전체 퇴적층 중 가장 온난한 경향을 보이고 있다. 또한 상대적으로 냉량하고 약습윤한 기후에서 토양의 총유기탄소값이 높게 나타나는 경향이 있다.

• 한국수자원학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국수자원학회 2023년도 학술발표회
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• pp.30-30
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• 2023

This study aims to establish the multi-reservoir operation system model in the Upper Mun River Basin which includes 5 main dams namely, Mun Bon (MB), Lamchae (LC), Lam Takhong (LTK), Lam Phraphoeng (LPP), and Lower Lam Chiengkrai (LLCK) Dams. The knowledge and AI technology were applied aiming to develop innovative prototype for SMART dam-reservoir operation in future. Two different sorts of reservoir operation system model namely, Fuzzy Logic (FL) and Constraint Programming (CP) as well as the development of rainfall and reservoir inflow prediction models using Machine Learning (ML) technique were made to help specify the right amount of daily reservoir releases for the Royal Irrigation Department (RID). The model could also provide the essential information particularly for the Office of National Water Resource of Thailand (ONWR) to determine the short-term and long-term water resource management plan and strengthen water security against flood and drought in this region. The simulated results of base case scenario for reservoir operation in the Upper Mun from 2008 to 2021 indicated that in the same circumstances, FL and CP models could specify the new release schemes to increase the reservoir water storages at the beginning of dry season of approximately 125.25 and 142.20 MCM per year. This means that supplying the agricultural water to farmers in dry season could be well managed. In other words, water scarcity problem could substantially be moderated at some extent in case of incapability to control the expansion of cultivated area size properly. Moreover, using AI technology to determine the new reservoir release schemes plays important role in reducing the actual volume of water shortfall in the basin although the drought situation at LTK and LLCK Dams were still existed in some periods of time. Meanwhile, considering the predicted inflow and hydrologic factors downstream of 5 main dams by FL model and minimizing the flood volume by CP model could ensure that flood risk was considerably minimized as a result of new release schemes.

• 한국건축시공학회지
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• 제4권4호
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• pp.71-77
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• 2004

Drying Shrinkage has much complexity as it has relations with both internal elements of concrete and external factors. Therefore, experiments on Concrete Drying Shrinkage are carried out in this study under simplified circumstances applying temperature & Humidity test chamber which enables constant temperature and humidity. Comparative analyses have been made respectively according to the consequences aiming at modelling for prediction of Concrete Drying Shrinkage and making out measures to reduce it. Strain Rate of Drying Shrinkage of concrete under the condition of dry air appears to rise by about 20%-30% in proportion as the temperature rises $5^{\circ}C$ when the humidity was held below 10% compared under the condition of dry temperature & Humidity test chamber. Strain Rate of Drying Shrinkage in pit sand concrete increased 20% higher than measured when in river sand under the condition of 90-day material age. A general formula with two variables is derived as follow ${\varepsilon}={\alpha}_1＋{\beta}_1x_1＋{\beta}_2x_2＋{\beta}_3x_1^2＋{\beta}_5x_2^2$. and also graphed in 3 dimensions, enabling to apply to actual design and predict Strain Rate of Drying Shrinkage in concrete. The results of prediction of Rate of Drying Shrinkage by Response Surface Analysis are as follows. The coefficient of correlation of Drying Shrinkage in Concrete was over 90%.

• 한국습지학회지
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.87-94
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• 2000

The purpose of this study was to analysis the pollutant loading of Chin yang Reservoir according to the variation of outflow. Regression equation of the pollutant loading and outflow was represented as $L=a\;Q^b$ in which L = pollutant loading(kg/day), a and b = regression coefficient, and Q = outflow($m^3/day$). Regression coefficients ($R^2$) of Sanchung, Sinan and Changchon site was in range of 0.8376 to 0.9818. Therefore the pollutant loading was good correlated with outflow. Changchon site had minimum b value because outflow of pollutant was little compared with rainfall. The SS was the highest b value 1.621~1.7834 among water quality parameters because the pollutant loading of SS was much affected by outflow. Also, the pollutant loadings per area could be calculated and compared in case of the dry season, normal season and flood season. The pollutant loading in the normal and flood season except the dry season were higher in order of Sanchung, Sinan and Changchon site. Pollutant loading per area were higher in order of Sinan, Sanchung and Changchon site. When it compared with pollutant loading per area calculated using pollutant unit loading, T-N was much different each other.