• 대한치과보철학회지
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• 제44권2호
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• pp.229-242
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• 2006

Statement of problem: In order to increase preload with reducing the friction coefficient, abutment screws coated with pure gold and Teflon as dry lubricant coatings have been introduced. But the reported data indicate that if screw repeated tightening and loosening cycle, an efficiency of increasing preload was decreased by screw surface wearing off. Purpose: This study was to evaluate the influence of tungsten carbide/carbon coating, which has superior hardness and frictional wear resistance, on the preload of abutment screws and the stability of coating surface after repeated closures. Material and method: The rotational values of abutment screws and the compressive forces between abutment and fixture were measured in implant systems with three different joint connections, one external butt joint and two internal cones. Moreover the stability and the alteration of coating surface were examined by comparison of the compressive force and the removable torque values during 10 consecutive trials, observation with scanning electron microscope and analyzed the elemental composition with energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy Results and conclusion: 1. Application of coating resulted in significant increase of compressive force in all implant systems(P<.05). The increasing rate of compressive force by coating in external butt joint was gloater than those in internal cones (P<.05). 2. Coated screw showed the significant additional rotation compared to non-coated screw in all implant systems (P<.05). There were no significant differences in the increasing rate of rotation among implant systems (P>.05). 3. Removable torque values were greater with non-coated screw than that with coated screw (P<.05). 4. Coated screw showed insignificant variations in the compressive forces during 10 consecutive trials(P>.05) 5. After repeated trials, the surface layer of coated screw was maintained relatively well. However surface wearing and irregular titanium fragments were found in non-coated screw.

• 문화기술의 융합
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.539-544
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• 2023

연구 대상은 경상북도 ◯◯시 ◯◯동에 위치한 마애여래입상 암반으로서 안정성이 우려되는 중생대 백악기 화강섬록암 마애불상이다. 안정성 해석을 위해 마애불 암반의 3차원 face mapping과 절리의 지질공학적 특성, 3차원 스캐닝, 초음파속도, 편광현미경 분석, 전자현미경 분석 및 XRD 분석을 수행하였다. 더불어 손상상태 조사, 평사투영해석, 암반분류 및 한계평형해석으로 마애불 암반의 안전율을 산정하였다. 구간별로 손상 및 가능한 붕괴의 유형과 규모는 암석의 풍화도와 절리면의 배향과 특성에 따라 다르나 쐐기파괴와 전도파괴가 소규모로 예상된다. face-mapping 자료, RMR, 암석의 물성·역학시험, 평사투영해석 및 한계평형해석으로 종합·검토한 결과, 마애불 암반의 건기 시와 우기 시의 허용안전율 1.2에 미달하여 안정성이 우려된다. 손상유형은 박리, 균열, 입상분해 및 초목생장, 균열 방향별 점유율은 전면이 가장 우세한 것으로 나타난다. 마애불 암석은 화강섬록암이며, 표면 변색의 물질은 K, Fe, Mg로 판명되었고, 4조의 절리 중 J1은 인장절리이고 나머지는 전단절리이다. 초음파탐사로 추정한 일축압축강도는 514kgf/cm2로서 대부분 연암과 일부 풍화암에 해당한다. 암반분류 결과 5등급으로 추산되며, 마애여래입상 전면부 불안정성이 예상된다. 기존의 문화재 안전진단의 방법과 더불어 이들 기법은 석조문화재의 객관적인 해석 및 안정성 검토의 합리적인 도구가 될 것으로 예상한다.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• 제30권3호
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• pp.171-177
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• 2013

Objectives : The purpose of this study is to investigate the mechanism of Cosmetic Acupuncture through reinterpretation of anatomy and physiology. Methods : The causes of wrinkle increases and rapid aging of facial skin were studied and the theoretical system of Cosmetic Acupuncture treatment was analyzed through anatomy and physiology reinterpretation. Results and Conclusions : An increase in wrinkles and rapid aging of facial skin is caused by xerosis. Skin condition represents the condition of subcutaneous muscle. The reason why skin becomes easily dry is the heat produced by craniofacial part. Craniofacial part always generates lot of physiological fever because of the muscles. This physiological fever is produced from the muscles that are responsible for maintaining skull suture, controlling the movement of temporomandibular joint, maintaining head and neck posture. Controlling this fever is the crux of Cosmetic Acupuncture mechanism. These muscles correspond to Foot Taeyang meridian-muscle, Foot Soyang meridian-muscle and Foot Yangmyung meridian-muscle. Cosmetic Acupuncture is effective for preventing facial skin from aging and wrinkle increase by mechanical stimulus on facial muscles, and for controlling craniofacial part meridian-muscle system producing the heat.

• Ocean Systems Engineering
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.73-93
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• 2011

Large deck openings of ultra large container ships reduce their torsional stiffness considerably and hydroelastic analysis for reliable structural design becomes an imperative. In the early design stage the beam model coupled with 3D hydrodynamic model is a rational choice. The modal superposition method is ordinary used for solving this complex problem. The advanced thin-walled girder theory, with shear influence on both bending and torsion, is applied for calculation of dry natural modes. It is shown that relatively short engine room structure of large container ships behaves as the open hold structure with increased torsional stiffness due to deck effect. Warping discontinuity at the joint of the closed and open segments is compensated by induced distortion. The effective torsional stiffness parameters based on an energy balance approach are determined. Estimation of distortion of transverse bulkheads, as a result of torsion and warping, is given. The procedure is illustrated in the case of a ship-like pontoon and checked by 3D FEM analysis. The obtained results encourage incorporation of the modified beam model of the short engine room structure in general beam model of ship hull for the need of hydroelastic analysis, where only the first few natural modes are of interest.

• Journal of Welding and Joining
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.44-49
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• 2008

Generally, wear plate is steel plate having improved surface contact strength and impact strength by surface hardening which is welded using materials with good corrosion resistance, wear resistance and thermal resistance property. CFP GMAW(Compound Filler Plate Gas Metal Arc Welding) is the cladding method using GMAW with the CFP, which is bound with waterglass, on the substrate. It has advantages of reducing compound powder loss, uniform penetration, and preventing hardness decrease. To develope mass production technique of CFP GMAW process for production of high quality wear plate, the method for controling shallow penetration and increasing productivity is required. In this study, twin torch method applied to CFP GMAW process for increasing productivity. And the method was developed by controling penetration control, CFP dry time, gas formation flux and water glass concentration. As a result, applying twin torch method to CFP GMAW process was possible and high quality wide bead could be made without overlap joint.

• 산업기술연구
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• 제23권A호
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• pp.165-173
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• 2003

The purpose of this paper is to analysis of initial behavior of concrete pavement with initial measurement strain gauge for concrete pavement at field, and to investigate the field test results for field applicability testing. The early-age behaviors of concrete pavement slabs were measured using the strain gauges. From the slab depths and positions, the outputs from each gauges were recorded at initial curing period. The initial measurement of concrete pavement and check of crack at the joint were performed, the results could be summarized as follows. From the results of concrete strength, compressive strength and flexural strength were showed $271kgf/cm^2$, $43kgf/cm^2$ respectively. From the tests of early-age strain measurement, it was found that the strain varied at the maximum value of $150{\mu}{\varepsilon}$ and early behavior of concrete slab was showed a tensile strain. However, for long-term was showed a compressive strain due to dry-shrinkage.

• 한국지형학회지
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.47-59
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• 2017

This study aims to analyze geomorphologically Jaein Falls in Hantangang Lava Plateau for the landform structure, landform classification, falls dissection and recession. The height and recession length of the Falls are approximately 18m and 340m. after dissection valley arrive at area of the Jijangbong Volcanic Rock Complex of Mesozoic era, the fall will disappear. The structure of the dissection valley shows totally well vertical columnar joint near falls and plunge pool, colluvial talus deposits toward lower reach by the freezing-thawing and wet-dry activities, and alluvial cone and delta in estuary to Hantangang River. The Falls' age date and recession rate in the valley maybe relate to the age of the lava plateau. The estimated recession rate of the fall should be 8.75m/ka to 2.3m/ka, depending on the age 500ka to 40ka in lava plateau.

• Computers and Concrete
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.81-95
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• 2019

The unexpected seismic interaction of dry-assembled precast concrete frame structures typical of the European heritage with their precast cladding panels brought to extensive failures of the panels during recent earthquakes due to the inadequateness of their connection systems. Following this recognition, an experimental campaign of cyclic and pseudo-dynamic tests has been performed at ELSA laboratory of the Joint Research Centre of the European Commission on a full-scale prototype of precast structure with vertical and horizontal cladding panels within the framework of the Safecladding project. The panels were connected to the frame structure by means of innovative arrangements of fastening systems including isostatic, integrated and dissipative. Many of the investigated configurations involved a strong frame-cladding interaction, modifying the structural behaviour of the frame turning it into highly non-linear since small deformation. In such cases, properly modelling the connections becomes fundamental in the framework of a design by non-linear dynamic analysis. This paper presents the peculiarities of the numerical models of precast frame structures equipped with the various cladding connection systems which have been set to predict and simulate the experimental results from pseudo-dynamic tests. The comparison allows to validate the structural models and to derive recommendations for a proper modelling of the different types of existing and innovative cladding connection systems.

• Composites Research
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• 제22권5호
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• pp.30-36
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• 2009

복합재 부품의 전형적인 조인트 형태를 평가하기 위해서, 2열 볼트 체결 탄소섬유강화 복합재의 파손강도와 파손 모드에 대하여 연구를 수행하였다. 연구는 상온과 고온다습 조건에서 적층과 형상을 변수로 실험적으로 수행되었다. 실험결과를 바탕으로 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 하중-변위 선도는 두 가지 형태로 관찰되었으며, 각 파손 모드는 하중-변위 선도로 특징지어진다. 고온다습 조건의 파손형태는 베어링 파손 모드이며, 베어링 파손 모드에서 파손 강도는 유효강성의 영향이 크지 않다고 분석된다. 고온다습 조건의 파손강도 감소는 침투한 수분에 의해 섬유와 모재의 층간 결합부의 물성 저하에 기인한다.

• 한국도로학회논문집
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• 제3권4호
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• pp.117-126
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• 2001

본 연구는 일반 콘크리트와 SBR 라텍스 개질 콘크리트의 부착강도 특성을 분석하고자 신 구 콘크리트로 구성된 직접인장 시험체를 제작하여 부착강도를 측정하였다. 이때, 시험체와 측정기의 연결장치가 $360^{\circ}$ 회전이 가능하도록 시험장비를 개선하여 시험체의 편심이 부착강도 측정에 미치는 영향을 최소화였다. 주요 실험변수로는 라텍스 혼입율, 표면 처리상태, 표면 함수상태로 정하였으며 실험결과는 다음과 같다; 라텍스 혼입률이 증가함에 따라 부착강도도 증가하였으며, 혼입률 15%에서 37%의 증진을 보였다. 이것은 라텍스가 골재와 시멘트 페이스트 사이에 충전되어 필름 막을 형성하고 부착력을 증진시켰기 때문인 것으로 판단된다. 표면처리에 따라 부착강도의 변화를 고찰한 결과, 샌드 그라인딩과 와이어 부러쉬에 의해 표면처리를 하였을 경우 부착강도는 단순 절단한 경우보다 약 49% 증가하였다. 표면함수 상태에 따른 영향을 고찰한 결과, 부착강도는 기존 콘크리트 표면이 건조하였을 경우에 가장 작게 나타났고, 자유수가 표면에 있을 때가 그 다음을 나타냈으며, 표면건조포화상태에선 37% 증가하여 가장 크게 나타났다. 따라서 부착강도를 증진시키기 위해서는 적절한 표면처리와 표면함수상태의 유지가 필수적임을 알 수 있었다.