• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제30권10호
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• pp.1410-1415
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• 2017

Objective: This experiment investigated the effect of isonitrogenous replacement of groundnut cake (GNC) by rice gluten meal (RGM) and maize gluten meal (MGM) at 75% level on nutrient intake, apparent digestibility, growth performance and related blood constituents in growing Sahiwal cattle. Methods: Eighteen Sahiwal calves were divided into three groups, based on average body weight (87.24 kg) and age (6 to 12 mo), and treatments were assigned to the different groups randomly. The first group (GP-I) was kept as control and received GNC-based concentrate mixture. In second (GP-II) and third (GP-III) groups, 750 g/kg nitrogen (N) of GNC was substituted by RGM and MGM respectively, with similar forage:concentrate ratio (56:44). Results: The 90 days of experimental feeding revealed that intake of dry matter, crude protein and digestibility coefficients for all nutrients did not differ among groups. Furthermore, although N balance was greater ($p{\leq}0.05$) for GP-III than GP-I and GP-II, average daily gain was similar between GP-I and GP-II but greater ($p{\leq}0.05$) for GP-III. In addition, feed efficiency and related haematological variables did not differ due to treatments. Conclusion: Nutritional worth of GNC and RGM was highly comparable in terms of intake, digestibility and growth in growing calves. However, MGM was found to be more efficacious in improving growth rate than RGM at 75% replacement level of GNC protein.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제31권1호
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• pp.80-85
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• 2018

Objective: This study was conducted to investigate the effect of corn grain particle size on ruminant fermentation and blood metabolites in Holstein steers fed total mixed ration (TMR) as a basal diet to explain fundamental data of corn grain for cattle in Korea. Methods: Four ruminally cannulated Holstein steers (body weight $592{\pm}29.9kg$) fed TMR as a basal diet were housed individually in an auto temperature and humidity modulated chamber ($24^{\circ}C$ and 60% for 22 h/d). Treatments in a $4{\times}4$ Latin square design were TMR only (control), TMR with whole corn grain (WC), coarsely ground corn grain (CC), and finely ground corn grain (FC), respectively. The corn feeds substituted for 20% energy intake of TMR intake. To measure the ruminal pH, ammonia N, and volatile fatty acids (VFA), ruminal digesta was sampled through ruminal cannula at 1 h intervals after the morning feeding to determine ruminal fermentation characteristics. Blood was sampled via the jugular vein after the ruminal digesta sampling. Results: There was no difference in dry matter (DM) intake between different corn particle size because the DM intake was restricted to 1.66% of body weight. Different corn particle size did not change mean ammonia N and total VFA concentrations whereas lower (p<0.05) ruminal pH and a ratio of acetate to propionate, and higher (p<0.05) propionate concentration were noted when the steers consumed CC compared with WC and FC. Concentration of blood metabolites were not affected by different particle size of corn grain except for blood triglyceride concentration, which was significantly (p<0.05) increased by FC. Conclusion: Results indicate that feeding CC may increase feed digestion in the rumen, whereas the FC group seemed to obtain inadequate corn retention time for microbial degradation in the rumen.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제33권4호
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• pp.597-604
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• 2020

Objective: This study was conducted to investigate the effect of zinc aspartic acid chelate (Zn-ASP) on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, blood profiles, fecal microbial and fecal gas emission in growing pigs. Methods: A total of 160 crossbred ([Landrace×Yorkshire]×Duroc) growing pigs with an initial body weight (BW) of 25.56±2.22 kg were used in a 6-wk trial. Pigs were randomly allocated into 1 of 4 treatments according to their sex and BW (8 replicates with 2 gilts and 3 barrows per replication pen). Treatments were as follows: i) CON, basal diet, ii) TRT1, CON+0.1% Zn-ASP, iii) TRT2, CON+0.2% Zn-ASP, and iv) TRT3, CON+0.3% Zn-ASP. Pens were assigned in a randomized complete block design to compensate for known position effects in the experimental facility. Results: In the current study, BW, average daily gain, and gain:feed ratio showed significant improvement as dietary Zn-ASP increased (p<0.05) in growing pigs. Apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of dry matter was increased linearly (p<0.05) in pigs fed with Zn-ASP diets. A linear effect (p<0.05) was detected for the Zn concentration in blood with the increasing levels of Zn-ASP supplementation. Lactic acid bacteria and coliform bacteria were affected linearly (p<0.05) in pigs fed with Zn-ASP diets. However, no significant differences were observed in the ATTD of nitrogen, energy and Zn. And dietary Zn-ASP supplementation did not affect fecal ammonia, hydrogen sulfide and total mercaptans emissions in growing pigs. Conclusion: In conclusion, dietary supplementation with Zn-ASP of diet exerted beneficial effects on the growth performance, nutrient digestibility, blood profiles and fecal microbes in growing pigs.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제33권1호
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• pp.61-68
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• 2020

Objective: The present study explored the effects of grape seed procyanidin extract (GSPE) on rumen fermentation, methane production and archaeal communities in vitro. Methods: A completely randomized experiment was conducted with in vitro incubation in a control group (CON, no GSPE addition; n = 9) and the treatment group (GSPE, 1 mg/bottle GSPE, 2 g/kg dry matter; n = 9). The methane and volatile fatty acid concentrations were determined using gas chromatography. To explore methane inhibition after fermentation and the response of the ruminal microbiota to GSPE, archaeal 16S rRNA genes were sequenced by MiSeq high-throughput sequencing. Results: The results showed that supplementation with GSPE could significantly inhibit gas production and methane production. In addition, GSPE treatment significantly increased the proportion of propionate, while the acetate/propionate ratio was significantly decreased. At the genus level, the relative abundance of Methanomassiliicoccus was significantly increased, while the relative abundance of Methanobrevibacter decreased significantly in the GSPE group. Conclusion: In conclusion, GSPE is a plant extract that can reduce methane production by affecting the structures of archaeal communities, which was achieved by a substitution of Methanobrevibacter with Methanomassiliicoccus.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제29권2호
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• pp.109-113
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• 1984

우리나라 벼 재배품종들의 천립중을 증대시켜 단위면적당 수량능력의 향상을 위한 기초자료를 얻고자 수집된 몇가지 대립종들의 수량성 및 주요특성을 소개하고자 시험한 결과 1. 벼알의 무게와 벼알의 길이, 너비, 두께는 유의한 정(+)의 상관을 보였으며 벼 알의 길이와 모양은 정(+)의 상관(r=0.5707 ${\ast}\;{\ast}$)을 보였다. 2. 우러나라 재배품종의 천립중보다 무거온 14대립종들의 천립중과 수당입수, 주당수수, 등숙비율, 총건물중, 정조중, 수확지수간에는 부(-)의 상관을 보였으나 유의성은 인정되지 않았다. 3. 이들 대립종의 천립중과 생육일수와는 부(-)의 상관을 보였으나 유의성은 인정되지 않았다. 4. 천립중이 상이한 20품종의 천립중과 심복백정도간에는 정(+)의 높은 유의 상관(r =0.8477${\ast}\;{\ast}$)이 인정되었다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.59-65
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• 1991

From the same harvest of Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum, Lam.), hay(H), wilted silage(WS), pressed cake hay (PCH) and pressed cake silage (PCS) were prepared. These four preserved roughages were restrictedly fed to four goats attached with rumen fistula by $4{\times}4$ Latin square design to determine the effect of different physical and chemical properties of the roughages on the ruminal acid concentrations. Each goat was given a diet at 2% of the body weight daily in dry matter basis by separating into two equal portions. Half was given at 9 AM and the other half at 5 PM. Ruminal pH was reduced to around 5.5 within 30 minutes after feeding PCS and it was recovered above 6 in 1-2 hours after feeding. By feeding WS, ruminal pH was also reduced but never fell below 6. The two hays rather increased ruminal pH after feeding. The reduction of ruminal pH in the silage feedings was due to the high lactic acid content of the silages, because the highest ruminal lactic acid concentration was observed 30 minutes after feeding when the lowest ruminal pH was attained. While the ruminal VFA concentrations became the highest 1-2 hours after feeding. The ruminal acetic acid concentration fluctuated so much that no significant tendency was observed among the four dietary treatments. The ruminal propionic acid concentration was higher in feeding silages reflecting the initial high lactic acid concentration. As the result, acetic/propionic acid ratio was lower in the silage feedings than in hay feedings. Higher ruminal butyric acid concentration was observed in WS than in others.

• 한국유기농업학회지
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.79-89
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• 2003

본 연구는 지렁이 분말의 첨가가 육계의 성장 및 사료 중 영양소 이용율에 미치는 영향을 조사하기 위해서 실시되었다. 총 120수의 7일령 육계에 지렁이 분말 0％(대조구), 0.2％ 및 0.4％를 첨가한 사료를 공시하여 6주간 사양시험을 실시하였다. 육계초기 및 후기사료 급여 공히, 증체중 및 사료섭취량 0.4％ 지렁이 분말 처리구가 대조구 및 0.2％ 처리구보다 유의하게 증가하였다(P<0.05). 처리구간에 사료요구율과 도태율은 유의한 차이가 인정되지 않았다. 육계 초기 및 후기 사료급여 공히, 처리구간에 사료의 건물소화율의 차이는 인정되지 않았다. 그러나 사료 중 조지방과 조회분 소화율은 지렁이 분말 섭취에 의해서 증가하는 경향이 인정되었다. 지렁이 분말 0.4％ 첨가구에서의 사료 중 조단백질 소화율은 지렁이 분말 0％(대조구) 또는 0.2％ 첨가구보다 유의하게 개선되었다(P<0.05). 결론적으로 브로일러에 0.4％의 지렁이 분말을 첨가한 사료급여는 사료중의 조단백질 이용율을 유효하게 개선시켜서 성장을 유효하게 개선시키는 것이 인정되었다.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제58권2호
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• pp.9.1-9.5
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• 2016

Background: Literature is lacking on the effects of feeding by-product feed (BF)-based silage on rumen fermentation parameters, nutrient digestion and nitrogen (N) retention in sheep. Therefore, this study was conducted to determine the effect of replacing rye straw with BF-based silage as a roughage source on ruminal parameters, total-tract apparent nutrient digestibility, and N balance in sheep. Methods: The by-product feed silage was composed of spent mushroom substrate (SMS) (45 %), recycled poultry bedding (RPB) (21 %), rye straw (11 %), rice bran (10.8 %), corn taffy residue (10 %), protected fat (1.0 %), bentonite (0.6 %), and mixed microbial additive (0.6 %). Six sheep were assigned randomly to either the control (concentrate mix + rye straw) or a treatment diet (concentrate mix + BF-based silage). Results: Compared with the control diet, feeding a BF-based silage diet resulted in similar ruminal characteristics (pH, acetate, propionate, and butyrate concentrations, and acetate: propionate ratio), higher (p < 0.05) ruminal NH3-N, higher (p < 0.05) ether extract digestibility, similar crude protein digestibility, lower (p < 0.05) dry matter, fiber, and crude ash digestibilities, and higher (p < 0.05) N retention (g/d) Conclusion: The BF-based silage showed similar energy value, higher protein metabolism and utilization, and lower fiber digestion in sheep compared to the control diet containing rye straw.

• 한국초지조사료학회지
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.23-32
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• 2005

This experiment was carried out to determine on the growth characteristics, yield and palatability in mono-cropping(T1; sorghum $\times$ sudagrass hybrid, T2; soybean) and inter-cropping[T3; sorghum $\times$ sudagrass hybrid(1) + soybean(2)]. The results obtained are summarizes follows; In plant length. leaf length, leaf width and stem diameter of sorghum $\times$ sudagrass hybrid(SSH). T3(1) was lower than T1 at 1st cutting time. But in 2nd and 3rd cutting time. T3(1) was higher than T1 Stem diameter of T2 was higher than soybean of T3(2). but plant length, leaf length and leaf width of T2 were higher than T3(1). The leaf ratio of SSH in T3(1) was higher than T1 in the first cutting time, but T3(1) was higher than T1 at 2nd and 3rd cutting time. The number of tiller of T1 was higher than SSH of T3(1) at 1st cutting time, but T3(1) was higher than T1 at 2nd and 3rd cutting time. Dead stubble rate of SSH in T3(1) showed a little lower value than T1. Dry matter and fresh yield of T1 was higher than T2 and T3. But protein yield of T3 was higher than T1 The palatability of 1st cutting time was 100.0. 76.8 and $18.5\%$ on T2, T3 and T1, respectively.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• 제36권3호
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• pp.195-203
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• 2011

Not only does the labor of manufacturers used most in the drying process after rice harvest, but it also is having huge influence in quality. Also, because drying storage of rice production around the whole country is scarce with original facility, it has become a very important matter that farms develop their own safe and high-quality facilities to store and dry rice. Therefore, this study developed a small scale accumulated storage and drying bin, assessed nalyzed drying properties, and conducted analysis of research on the property of quality when storing for a long time. As a result, the drying speed of the small scale accumulated storage and drying bin was adequate of 0.042%/hr and was shown that the experimental static pressure and theoretical static pressure corresponded. Also, it was shown that drying cost was up to about 6 times inexpensive that heated air drying. For the storage of the small scale accumulated storage and drying bin, average of moisture content was around 16.5 until early April and decreased to 15.7% in July. Inside storage was maintained to 12.13% until early April and slightly increased to 14% after May. It was shown that inside storage had higher hardness and rate of cracking than the small scale accumulated storage and drying bin by storage conditions and germination rate was shown a little higher when stored in the small scale accumulated storage and drying bin.