• 한국동물생명공학회지
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• 제36권1호
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• pp.59-68
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• 2021

This study was performed to identify the effect of synovium graft on conjunctiva in rabbits after dry eye induction. Six New Zealand White rabbits were used as dry eye models. Both eyes were divided to two groups as control and synovium graft group. The synovium graft was performed in fourth week after dry eye modeling. Quantitative change of tears through Schirmer tear test (STT), qualitative change of tear film through tear film break up time (TFBUT), and damage of cornea through fluorescein staining were observed for 10 weeks at intervals of two weeks. Histological examination was performed to evaluate cornea and conjunctiva at tenth week. In both groups, STT and TFBUT were significantly decreased in 4 weeks after modeling compared to 0 weeks (p < 0.05) . After synovium graft, there were increases in STT value at 4 weeks and TFBUT at 4 and 6 weeks in graft group (p < 0.05). Corneal fluorescein staining showed no significant difference between the two groups. In histopathological examination, grafted synovium was detected as round to ovoid ingression folds, well attached to grafted regions with 0.11 ± 0.04 mm² (range, 0.05-0.16 mm²). These results indicated that the synovium graft on the conjunctiva had an effect on the qualitative and quantitative improvement of the tear film even though there was no histological change.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• 제30권3호
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• pp.291-297
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• 2022

Dry age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a type of progressive blindness that is primarily due to dysfunction and the loss of retinal pigment epithelium (RPE). The accumulation of N-retinylidene-N-retinylethanolamine (A2E), a by-product of the visual cycle, causes RPE and photoreceptor degeneration that impairs vision. Genes associated with dry AMD have been identified using a blue light model of A2E accumulation in the retinal pigment epithelium and transcriptomic studies of retinal tissue from patients with AMD. However, dry macular degeneration progresses slowly, and current approaches cannot reveal changes in gene transcription according to stages of AMD progression. Thus, they are limited in terms of identifying genes responsible for pathogenesis. Here, we created a model of long-term exposure to identify temporally-dependent changes in gene expression induced in human retinal pigment epithelial cells (ARPE-19) exposed to blue light and a non-cytotoxic dose of A2E for 120 days. We identified stage-specific genes at 40, 100, and 120 days, respectively. The expression of genes corresponding to epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) during the early stage, glycolysis and angiogenesis during the middle stage, and apoptosis and inflammation pathways during the late stage was significantly altered by A2E and blue light. Changes in the expression of genes at the late stages of the EMT were similar to those found in human eyes with late-stage AMD. Our results provide further insight into the pathogenesis of dry AMD induced by blue light and a novel model in vitro with which relevant genes can be identified in the future.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제45권6호
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• pp.676-682
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• 2021

Background: Red ginseng has been found to improve ocular perfusion and dry eye syndrome in glaucomatous eyes; however, its effects on visual function and vision-related quality of life have not been investigated. This study sought to evaluate the effects of red ginseng on visual function and vision-related quality of life in glaucoma patients using contrast sensitivity and a questionnaire. Methods: Participants were randomly assigned to two groups in this prospective, randomized, double-blind study: in one group, red ginseng was taken first, followed by a placebo, and in the other, placebo was taken first, followed by red ginseng. We measured and compared changes in contrast sensitivity and vision-related quality of life between the two groups. Contrast sensitivity was measured using OPTEC® 6500P, and vision-related quality of life was evaluated using the 25-item National Eye Institute Visual Function Questionnaire. One-way and two-way repeated measure analyses of variance were used for the comparison. Relationships between respective changes in dry eye syndrome and contrast sensitivity were also analyzed. Results: Daytime contrast sensitivity and ocular pain improved after the administration of red ginseng. Nighttime contrast sensitivity was improved in early or moderate glaucoma. Improved contrast sensitivity was not associated with improvement in dry eye syndrome. Conclusion: Red ginseng could improve contrast sensitivity and ocular pain in patients with glaucoma. The mechanism underlying improvement in contrast sensitivity appears to be associated with enhanced retinal perfusion or retinal ganglion cell function, but not dry eye syndrome.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.25-39
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• 2007

The purpose of this study was to investigate the dietary intakes in middle-aged women(pre and postmenopausal) and relation to climacteric symptoms. We conducted the anthropometric measurements, climacteric symptoms survey, and dietary intake to assess the nutrient intakes. Also, dietary quality indices were evaluated. The subjects, over 40 years old, were 168 middle aged women(pre=74, postmenopausal=94), mean age was $48.9{\pm}3.6yr$. The anthropometric measurements showed that 59% of subjects were overweight and obese. Climacteric symptoms that were answered 'yes' in 50% plus in the subjects, were dry eyes, forgetfulness, difficult concentration, large joint pain(shoulder), fatique, backache, dry skin, joint pain(ankle and knee), dry mouth, dizziness, depression and lonesomeness, snore, morning stiffness, and hot flash. Some symptoms showed significant difference between pre and postmenopausal groups. The average energy intake was 1602.1 Kcal, which was 82% of the Korean EER. The subjects had lower vitamin A, riboflavin, folic acid, Fe, Zn and Ca intake than Korean RI. The lowest nutrient intake was Ca. The mean of food intake was 1294.2 g and MAR of diet quality indices was 0.83. In relation to dietary factors with climacteric symptoms, significant correlations have been found between total protein, animal protein, lipid, cholesterol and niacin intake and 'fatique', energy, carbohydrate, thiamin, vitamin B6, folic acid, vitamin C, Na, K and Fe intake and 'dry skin', Ca intake and 'difficult concentration'. Our results indicate that dietary factors(food and nutrients intake, INQ, NAR, MAR) may effect the prevention and reduction of some climacteric symptoms in middle aged women.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제39권2호
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• pp.121-132
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• 2006

Minerals are extremely important in human metabolism, growth, and tissue repair. The risks of disturbances in mineral nutrition and metabolism are high following menopause. The aim of the study was to investigate the mineal nutrition status in middle-aged women (Pre & Postmenopausal) and the relation to climacteric symptoms. In the present study, we conducted the anthropometric measurement, climacteric symptoms survey and the dietary intakes including macronutrients, vitamins and minerals to assess the nutrient intakes. Also plasma mineral levels (Ca, P, Mg, Na, K, Fe, Cu, Zn) was measured. The participants were 105 middle-aged women (pre=51, Postmenopausal=54). The anthropometric measurement showed that 74% of subjects was overweight and obesity. The energy intakes were 83% of Korean EER. The macromineral intake (Ca, P, Mg, Na, K), Ca, P and Mg were 65%, > 116% and > 107% of Korean RI. Na and K intakes were > 243% and 53% of Korean AI. For the trace mineral intake (Fe, Cu, Zn), Fe, Cu and Zn intakes were 82%, > 146%, and 94% of Korean RI. The serum mineral concentration measurement, in case of Ca, Fe and Zn, > 10% of subjects showed lower level than normal clinical range. The most frequently appeared climacteric symptoms were dry eye, forgetfulness, difficult concentration, shoulder pain, fatique, depression & lonesomeness, backache, snore, dry skin, ankle & knee pain. In relation to mineral nutrition with climacteric symptoms, significant correlations have been founded between Ca intake and difficult concentration, Mg intake and snore, Fe & Zn intake and forgetfulness & dry skin, serum Ca concentration and forgetfulness, serum Na concentration and dry eyes & snore, serum K concentration and shoulder pain. From these results, it has been indicated that some mineral nutrition status may effect the prevention and reduction of climacteric symptoms in pre and postmenopause women.

• 한국학교보건학회지
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• 제31권3호
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• pp.178-185
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• 2018

Purpose: This study aims to examine the effects of auriculotherapy on reducing signs of dry eye syndrome. Methods: This study is based on a pretest-posttest nonequivalent control group design. The participants who scored higher than 13 on the Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI) were divided randomly into two groups, the experimental group (n=45) and the control group (n=44). Auriculotherapy was performed by researchers for 2 weeks. For the experimental group, seed stickers were applied to the eye, liver, shenmen, and tubercle point of their ears. The pretest and the posttest included the same questionnaires of the OSDI as well as the Visual Function Questionnaire (NEI-VFQ25) and the eye fatigue. Data were analyzed by descriptive statistics, $x^2$ test, t-test and paired t-test, using SAS 20.0 program. Results: The difference in the OSDI's scores showed a significant decrease between the pretest and the posttest (t=-4.12, p<.001) in the experimental group. No significant difference was found in the NEI-VFQ25 (t=-0.10, p=.921, t=-0.91 p=.374). However, the experimental group showed a significant decrease in eye fatigue (t=5.78, p<.001), whereas the control group showed no difference (t=1.38, p=.18). Conclusion: Auriculotherapy can be used effectively on relieving the symptoms of dry eye syndrome and eye fatigue. However, the quality of life related to eyes was not improved by auriculotherapy.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제44권6호
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• pp.1426-1432
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• 1997

Sj$\ddot{o}$gren's syndrome(SS) is a chronic inflammatory disorder characterized by lymphocytic infiltration of lacrimal and sailvary glands, which results in dry eyes and dry mouth. SS may exist as a primary condition or as a secondary condition in association with connective tissue disease such as rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, or progressive systemic sclerosis. We experienced a patient with primary SS who developed multiple bullae, nodular type of pulmonary amyloidosis and lymphocytic interstitial peumonitis. We believe this to be the first reported case of SS acompanied by these three types pulmonary manifestations at the same time.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제17권10호
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• pp.93-103
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• 2016

본 연구는 병원 근로자를 대상으로 안구표면질환지수 설문지를 이용하여 안구건조증 유병률을 알아보고, 안구건조증 유무에 따른 일반적 및 건강관련 특성의 차이를 파악한 후 안구건조증 유병률과 관련요인을 알아보기 위한 서술적 조사 연구이다. 연구 대상자는 G시의 종합병원 근로자 502명(남성 51명, 여성 451명)을 대상으로 하였으며, 자료수집 기간은 2015년 10월 1일부터 2015년 10월 31일까지 설문조사 하였다. 수집된 자료는 로지스틱 회귀분석을 이용하여 분석하였다. 연구결과, 안구건조증 유병률은 76.1%이었으며, 안구건조증 유병율과 관련된 요인으로는 현재 앓고 있거나 약으로 조절하고 있는 질병이 있는 경우에 없는 경우보다 4.73배, 안구건조감을 느낀 대상자 중 안과에 내원하여 약물치료(인공눈물)을 받아 본 적이 있는 대상자에서 없는 대상자보다 2.37배, 안구 건조감을 느낀 적이 있는 대상자가 느낀 적 없는 경우보다 2.23배, 규칙적인 식사를 하지 않은 경우 규칙적인 식사를 하는 경우보다 0.55배의 높은 안구건조증 유병률을 보였다. 특히 안구건조증 대상자 중 54.0%가 중증도 이상임을 감안할 때 안구건조증의 예방과 관리를 위해서 안구건조증 위험인자의 관리 및 생활습관 개선 등 교육의 필요성이 요구된다.

• 셀메드
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• 제10권3호
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• pp.18.1-18.4
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• 2020

Among five sense organs or Gyanendriyas 'Eyes' are considered as most important sense organs. They are said to be the path to mind and seat of Tejas (Light). Now a days due to their overuse and negligence in maintenance we are facing many eye related problems like Dry Eye Syndrome, Cataract, Age related Macular Degeneration, Glaucoma, Computer Vision Syndrome etc. To observe the association of defective lifestyle and related eye problems with their preventive measures, different Ayurvedic procedures are reviewed from ancient literatures and some modern researches. Dinacharya (Daily regimen) explained in Ayurveda helps to prevent many derangements. Lifestyle modification in terms of proper daily regimen and dietary regimen could help to prevent eye problems. Padabhyanga (foot massage) is one of the procedures mentioned in Dinacharya, an effective therapy for healing of eye disorders.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• 제43권4호
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• pp.99-111
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• 2018

$Sj{\ddot{o}}gren^{\prime}s$ syndrome (SjS) is a common autoimmune disorder characterized by lymphocytic infiltration in the salivary and lacrimal glands, resulting in severe dry mouth or eyes. As a result, most of SjS patients suffer from oral dryness and can visit the department of oral medicine with or without diagnosis of SjS. Therefore, oral medicine specialists should know clues, which may indicate the diagnosis of SjS from the clinical and laboratory investigations. By the recent SjS criteria, SjS can be diagnosed by focus score, ocular staining, Schirmer's test, unstimulated whole saliva flow rate, and anti-SSA/Ro antibodies. The aim of this article is to review the diagnostic criteria, clinical investigation, and basic aspect related to SjS and to make oral medicine specialists play an important role in the detection of emerging SjS.