• 한국산업보건학회지
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.19-26
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• 2005

In previous report, we presented that petroleum based solvents used in dry cleaning shop was almost similar to stoddard solvent defined by ACGIH and NIOSH, and the occupational exposure standard of stoddard solvent could be used in total exposure assessment of those solvents. The specific aim of the this study was to evaluate of the solvent exposure used in commercial dry cleaning shops by using occupational exposure standard of stoddard solvent. We conducted first survey of 8 self-employed dry cleaning shops and 5 factory type dry cleaning shops from July to August, and second survey of the same shops from October to November in 2002. The exposure concentration to the solvent during loading and unloading activity of vented dry cleaning machine was 489.2ppm(GM), 270.3ppm(GM), respectively, which was almost excursion limit(500ppm) of ACGIH, and exceed the ceiling limit(312ppm) of NIOSH. The time-weighted average (TWA) worker exposure to the solvent was 21.3ppm(GM) at self-employed shops, 20.7ppm(GM) at factory type shops on first survey, and 31.1ppm(GM), 33.7ppm(GM), respectively on second survey. The TWA exposure concentration of workers with spotting and cleaning machine operating job was 25.4ppm(GM), which was 2.9 times higher than the TWA exposure concentration, 8.8ppm(GM) of press workers. All TWA exposure concentrations was lower than OEL(100ppm) of stoddard solvent. We found that the most heavy exposure process at dry cleaning was loading, unloading process, and the vent of dry cleaning machine was the main emission source for workers exposure to petroleum based solvent.

• 한국의류학회지
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.207-216
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• 1988

This study is to examine the cleaningproof by dry cleaning runs and parts(shoulder, belly, butt) of garment leathers tanned chrome. This study is composed of three methods of test; color difference test, surface view by scanning electron micrographs, mechanical properties measurement by KES-FB system. The results obtained were as follows: 1. In stiffening of parts of sample, the belly is the best degree in smoothness, fullness, softness. But that of the butt have been found to be the worst degree and to be thick. 2. In fading of parts, the shoulder is an extreme case, but the belly is the best among three parts. 3. In dry cleaning runs, the view after 3 runs has been found to be the best result. 4. The stiffening after dry cleaning 1 run have been low grade, for the sample absorb much solvent of dry cleaning. And, the fading and the decoloration are to be worse after 5 runs. Because the leather surface is affected by dry cleaning runs.

• 한국염색가공학회지
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• 제3권2호
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• pp.10-15
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• 1991

This study was to examine the anti-bacteria effect and the changes of chemical properties of chrome-tanned garment leathers on the preservative treatment. Various test methods, such as investigation of preservative treatment process, resistance test and chemical analysis by cleaning, antbbacterial test by shake flask method are carried out in this study. The results can be obtained as follows: 1. Bacterial reduction percentage of chrome-tanned garment leathers on the preservative treatment was 28.6%. 2. In the antbbacterial effect by dry cleaning, preservative treated leathers has no resistance. 3. Fats content has been removed by dry cleaning using perchloroethylene, so garment leathers properties were altered. 4. PH value was changed by dry cleaning. But once after fats removing, it was changed the little by dry cleaning numbers.

• 청정기술
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.13-25
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• 2001

정밀 기계산업과 반도체 산업의 진보와 더불어 대상물의 초순도 세정이 하이테크 산업발전에 가장 중요한 핵심기술로 부각되고 있다. 현재 초순수 세정은 크게 습식세정과 건식세정으로 분류하고 있다. 습식세정의 경우 오랜 경험과 높은 세정효율을 보이고 있지만, 다량의 탈이온수에 과산화수소, 황산, 불산 또는 수산화 암모늄 등의 독성첨가제를 반복적으로 사용하고 있어 독성 폐수발생등 심각한 환경오염을 유발하고 있다. 따라서, 최근에는 습식 세정에 따른 환경오염의 문제를 개선하기 위한 노력으로 몇 가지 건식 세정기술이 개발되고 있다. 최근 들어 건식세정 방법 중에 소위 초임계상태의 환경 용매를 사용하는 기술이 개발되고 있으며, 높은 세정효율과 더불어 환경친화성이 높은 유망한 기술로 받아들여지고 있어 국제적인 관심이 집중되고 있다. 이 논문에서는 초임계 이산화탄소 세정에 관심을 두어, 초임계 용매의 물리화학적 특성과 환경친화측면, 세정공정의 엔지니어링, 그리고 국내외 기술 현황을 종합적으로 분석 평가하였다.

• 한국레이저가공학회지
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• 제6권3호
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• pp.29-35
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• 2003

In semiconductor processing, there are two types of particle contaminated onto the wafer, i.e. dry and wet state particles. In order to evaluate the cleaning performance of laser shock wave cleaning method, the removal of 1 m sized alumina particle at different particle conditions from silicon wafer has been carried out by laser-induced shock waves. It was found that the removal efficiency by laser shock cleaning was strongly dependent on the particle condition, i.e. the removal efficiency of dry alumina particle from silicon wafer was around 97％ while the efficiencies of wet alumina particle in DI water and IPA are 35％ and 55％ respectively. From the analysis of adhesion forces between the particle and the silicon substrate, the adhesion force of the wet particle where capillary force is dominant is much larger than that of the dry particle where Van der Waals force is dominant. As a result, it is seen that the particle in wet condition is much more difficult to remove from silicon wafer than the particle in dry condition by using physical cleaning method such as laser shock cleaning.

• 한국정밀공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국정밀공학회 2000년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.743-746
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• 2000

The removal of contaminants of silicon wafers has been investigated by various methods. Laser cleaning is the new dry cleaning technique to replace wafer wet cleaning in the near future. A dry laser cleaning uses inert gas jet to remove contaminant particles lifted off by the action of a KrF excimer laser. A laser cleaning model is developed to simulate the cleaning process and analyze the influence of contaminant particles and experimental parameters on laser cleaning efficiency. The model demonstrates that various types of submicrometer-sized particles from the front sides of silicon wafer can be efficiently removed by laser cleaning. The laser cleaning is explained by a particle adhesion model. including van der Waals forces and hydrogen bonding, and a particle removal model involving rapid thermal expansion of the substrate due to the thermoelastic effect. In addition, the experiment of wafer laser cleaning using KrF excimer laser was conducted to remove various contaminant particles.

• 보존과학회지
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• 제28권3호
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• pp.217-228
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• 2012

문화재의 훼손은 다양한 형태로 발생된다. 특히 옥외에 노출되어 있는 금속문화재의 표면 손상은 인위적인 훼손인 페인트나 유성물질 성분의 낙서 등과 같은 행위로 유물의 역사적, 미술사적 가치를 저하시킨다. 그러므로 본 연구에서는 친환경적이고 인체에 무해한 dry-ice pellet cleaning을 페인트 및 유성물질을 제거하는데 적용하였으며 결과를 습포법과 비교하였다. 실험 결과 습포법으로 제거할 경우 유성페인트는 제거는 되었으나 금속 표면에 얼룩이 남아 있었으며 락카 스프레이는 제거가 잘 이루어지지 않고 수지가 들떠 있는 현상이 나타났다. Dry-ice pellet cleaning으로 유성페인트를 제거한 경우 표면관찰, 색도계, FT-IR, SEM 분석을 통해 유물 표면에 손상 없이 깨끗하게 제거되었으며 락카 스프레이로 제거한 경우 육안 관찰로는 깨끗하였으나 SEM 관찰 결과 미세 입자가 표면에 남아있는 것이 관찰되었다. 그러므로 본 연구를 통해 dry-ice pellet cleaning의 대체 가능성과 한계성을 함께 확인할 수 있었다.

• 한국의류학회지
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.217-223
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• 1988

This study is to examine the cleaningproof by dry cleaning runs and parts(shoulder, belly, butt) of garment leathers tanned chrome. This study is composed of three methods of test; color difference test, surface view by scanning electron micrographs, mechanical properties measurement by KES-FB system. The results obtained were as follows: 1. In stiffening of parts of sample, the belly is the best degree in smoothness, fullness, softness. But that of the butt have been found to be the worst degree and to be thick. 2. In fading of parts, the shoulder is an extreme case, but the belly is the best among three parts. 3. In dry cleaning runs, the view after 3 runs has been found to be the best result. 4. The stiffening after dry cleaning 1 run have been low grade, for the sample absorb much solvent of dry cleaning. And, the fading and the decoloration are to be worse after 5 runs. Because the leather surface is affected by dry cleaning runs.

• 한국정밀공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국정밀공학회 2002년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.415-419
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• 2002

In this study, we suggest a environmentally-conscious and dry cleaning process mechanism for the recycling of end-of-life CRT, and also develope a protype cleaning system to verify the faulty of the designed mechanism. This system accommodates the specifications of 14 ~ 32" end-of-life CRT. In experimental result, it is expected that the developed system improve the productivity up to 10% and decrease the loss rate of cleaning glass 3~4 times rather than the existing methods.hods.

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제43권2호
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• pp.95-102
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• 2017

Objectives: This study was conducted to evaluate the emission of VOCs from clothing that had been dry cleaned. Methods: In order to ensure the same conditions, f100% wool scarves were selected as the fabric type. Four identical tests were conducted on the option of either removing the plastic bags which came from the dry cleaning shop or not. The scarf was located inside a closet or room for one or two days. Small chamber tests were conducted to determine the VOC emission characteristics under the same conditions such as temperature, humidity, loading factor, and air exchange rates. Air from the chamber for VOCs was sampled by Tenax TA tube and analyzed by thermal desorption and GC/MSD. Results: Assuming that test represented dry cleaning and consumer's conditions well enough, we can conclude that immediate emissions after the dry cleaning of the scarfs caused elevated levels of TVOC, five VOCs (benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, xylene, stylene), and decane group compounds. Conclusions: By removing the plastic bags which came from the dry cleaning shop or not, the storage conditions of dry cleaned scarfs by consumers during the storage time periods (one to three days) would be significant for reducing VOC emissions.