• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.134-138
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• 2006

The washing efficiency of two types of washing machine- drum(drum washing) and drum using steam jet system(steam drum washing) was studied. The purpose of this paper is to clarify the performance of new steam drum washing. The relationship between washing temperature and washing efficiency(reflectance(%)) by soil removal, and that between washing temperature and electric energy consumption, Fabric damage evaluated by Danish wear method, Fabric shrinkage(%) during laundering were investigated, and compared with those in drum washing machine. Washing efficiency of steam drum washing according to washing temperature is better than that of drum washing. Electric energy consumption and fabric damage in steam drum washing are lower than those of drum washing. Fabric damage increased as washing temperature increased. Shrinkage of fabrics in steam drum washing and drum washing are about same. Therefore, we assumed that in the case of steam drum washing using steam jet system, washing efficiency remarkably increased, and fabric damage decreased, even with a lot of saving in given electric energy and water used.

• Journal of Power System Engineering
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.20-28
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• 2014

Most washing machines are now produced as a drum-type, where a washing drum mounted on a suspension system with springs and dampers, to minimize the transmittance of the vibration from the drum to the cabinet. The purpose of this paper is to develop optimized suspension system of the drum washing machine which minimizes transmission of disturbing vibration and force. In this paper, a method for optimizing suspension system of the drum washing machine is presented using ADAMS. The design variables to optimize are extracted using Sequential Quadratic Programming(SQP) in ADAMS. To evaluate optimized spring constants and damping coefficients of the drum washing machine, simulation was done to compare the vibration attenuation performances before and after the optimization. The results of simulation show that the optimized suspension system has better performance than before the optimization.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.389-397
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• 2010

This study was carried out to investigate the effect of washing machine type (drum or pulsator) on the behavior of clothing management and consumer satisfaction. The data were collected via questionnaires from 408 consumers and were analyzed through factor analysis, ANOVA, Cronbach's Alpha, utilizing SPSS 10.0. The results of this study were as follows: 1) 39.2% of consumers used drum washer and the number of users has increased sharply in five years. Drum washer consumers hold larger capacity washer than pulsator washer consumers. 2) Young people(under 40) showed statistically significant differences in terms of washing concern and the kinds of detergents, while old people(40 and above) showed statistically significant differences in terms of checking the label, preparing the laundry, and hand-washing. Married women showed statistically significant differences in checking the label, preparing the laundry, and hand-washing. 3) In terms of clothing management behavior with the type of washing machine, drum washer consumers showed statistically significant the amount of detergents, while pulsator washer consumers showed statistically significant handwashing and kinds of detergents. 4) In terms of customer satisfaction with the type of washing machine, drum washer consumers showed statistically significant brand satisfaction.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.30 no.11 s.158
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• pp.1589-1597
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• 2006

Nowadays, Korean consumers prefer drum-type washing machines to pulsator-type washers. Washing is a complex process involving the interaction of numerous physical and chemical influences. The main factors in the washing operations are the washing chemistry of the detergent along with the mechanical input, the wash temperature, and the time provided by the washing machine. Heavy-duty detergents that are used in drum-type washing machines contain different components from those used in vertical-axis washing machines. The bath ratio and the mechanical actions to which laundry is subjected are different between the drum-type and the vertical-axis washing machines. In this study we examined the effects of wash temperature, wash time, detergent concentration, and revolution speed on the removal of soils from artificially soiled cloths in a drum-type washing machine with heavy-duty commercial detergent. We used multiple regression analyses to find the relative importance of the factors and the optimum washing conditions. The results of these experiments showed that the washing temperature was the most important factor in the effective removal of most soils. This was followed by the washing time, the detergent concentration, and finally the revolution speed. In this study it was found that superfluous amounts of detergent did not sufficiently increase the soil removal rate. Koreans who are used to washing with cold water should increase the wash time to launder more efficiently.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.251-261
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• 1997

According to consumer's washing behavior, the washing efficiency of three different types of washing machines-pulsator, agitator, and drum was studied. Their detergency, rinsing efficiency, and the degree of fabric damage, tangle, and wrinkle were evaluated. The results showed that efficient washing capacity was different from the specified capacity of washing machine. Detergency and rinsing efficiency frere apparently decreased when more than 50% of capacity was loaded in washing machine of pulsator type, and 80% for agitator or drum types. They were also affected by detergent adding methods, and decreased in the order of water-detergent-washing load> washing load-detergent-water> washing load-water-detergent. Rinsing efficiency was significantly improved when the rinsing temperature was set above washing temperature. In addition, it was revealed that detergency, fabric damage, wrinkle, and tangle were highly correlated. The relationships between detergency and tangle were different for different types of washing machine. Positive relationships were found for agitator and drum types, whereas negative for pulsator type.

• Journal of Power System Engineering
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.63-69
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• 2013

Most washing machines are now produced as a drum-type, where a washing drum mounted on a suspension system with springs and dampers, to minimize the transmittance of the vibration from the drum to the frame. A low-cost MR damper, using magneto-rheological fluids, can produce variable damping forces by changing the current values in the magnetic coil. Experimental results show the comparison of the vibration attenuation performances between two different dampers. One test set-up uses a passive damper and another one uses a MR fluid damper. The test results showed that the vibration amplitude of the washing machine with the MR damper is much smaller than the case with the passive damper.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.9 no.6
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• pp.671-678
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• 2007

Formulations of compact and supercompact heavy-duty detergents, which are being used widely around the world, differ from those of conventional heavy-duty detergents. Significant differences in composition exist between the compact detergents and the conventional detergents. The compact detergents have a higher content of surfactants, oxygen bleach and enzymes than the conventional detergents. We have studied to find the most effective washing conditions of artificially soiled cloths with a commercial, supercompact, heavy-duty detergent and a drum type washing machine which is becoming the preferred type in Korea. Moreover, we have studied the washing performance with an impeller type washing machine, which has heretofore been the most popular type in East Asia. With the drum-type washing machine, washing performances improved as the washing temperatures went up and the washing times were lengthened. Though the rate of soil removal with a double recommended dosage was higher than with the recommended amount at $20^{\circ}C$, the effects of the higher dosage decreased as the washing temperatures increased. Finally, the washing performances with the two different dosages were the same at $60^{\circ}C$. The washing performances at $40^{\circ}C$ with the recommended dosage for 90 minutes were the same as with the double recommended dosage for 45 minutes. The soil removal efficiencies with the impeller-type washing machine were much lower than those of the drum-type washing machine. The reasons for this were the higher bath ratio that led to the lower concentration of wash liquor, the shorter washing time, and the lower washing temperature.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Precision Engineering
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• v.23 no.8 s.185
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• pp.154-162
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• 2006

By laying its drum horizontally, front-loaded washing machine mostly used in Europe that uses the head of the water to launder was appropriate for washing only small amount of laundry. However, the demands of customers are requiring front-loaded washing machine to handle big capacity laundry as well, and have faster rotation speed to increase drying ability. To meet such demands, more stress from bending and twisting are complexly loaded onto the shaft supporting the horizontal drum, causing problems in fracture strength and fatigue life. Shafting system is mainly divided into flange and shaft. Flange is located between the drum and shaft, transferring power from the shaft to drum, and acting as a supporter of the back of the drum. Shaft is connected from the flange to insert production, transferring power from the motor to drum, and mainly acting as stiffness against the horizontal weight of the shafting system. In this paper, strength analysis and experiment were executed on both the shaft and flange of front-loaded washing machine to suggest the design improvement of shafting system for big capacity, high-rotation drying. Also, verification of this evaluation was executed on fracture strength and fatigue life for studied shaft system.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.31 no.8
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• pp.1231-1239
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• 2007

The purpose of this study was to investigate consumer's behaviors on the laundering of baby's clothing according to washing machine types. The subjects were 255 consumers with babies(0-2 years) in Korea. The data were collected with a self-administered questionnaire and analyzed by Chi-square test and multiple response analysis, and SPSS 12.0 statistics package was used. Consumers were separated into two groups according to washing machine types with general pulsator type and drum-type. Consumer's behaviors between general pulsator type group and drum-type group of washing machines were also examined. The results of this study were as follows. In the consumer satisfaction for washing machine, mostly drum-type group of consumers were satisfied with their washing machines. As the reasons of washing machine's dissatisfaction, noise, washing time and low washing efficiency were high in the pulsator type group, and washing time, noise and high price in the drum-type washing machine group. The consumers concerned about separation of clothing and laundering label while they washed laundry by washing machine. However, they didn't separate clothing because the small volume of laundry and a long washing time. The most interest and required thing of consumers was complete rinsing without any detergents used in washing as well as the removal of soils for baby's clothing regardless of two washing machine types. And they complained food soils like milk and mother's milk etc. were not completely removed by washing machine. As a whole the washing frequency of baby's laundry was once per a day and the rinsing also more than three times per a laundry. Most of the consumers used a private detergents for baby's clothing(detergents for baby's clothing only), and preferred to the high or boiled temperature washing as a desirable baby's laundering. There were significant differences between general pulsator type group and drum-type group of washing machines on the laundering of baby's clothing in this study.

• Proceedings of the KIPE Conference
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• 2008.06a
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• pp.571-573
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• 2008

Conventional drum washing machine is divided by amount of laundry on 3 step. Because that, this method is arisen in case of washing smaller amount of laundry than each weight during same time. In other words, power is wasted by unnecessary washing time. In this paper, exact quantity of laundry is obtained by using inertia estimator considering features of drum washing machine, unnecessary washing time is decreased by selection proper washing time, thus the algorithm that increase efficiency by reducing power consumption is proposed.