• 제목/요약/키워드: Drugs of abuse

검색결과 123건 처리시간 0.028초

약물부작용(藥物副作用)으로 인한 설부(舌部) 진전환자(震顫患者) 증례보고(症例報告) (Clinical study on a case of a patient with a glossal tremor caused by a side effect of drugs)

  • 김근우;구병수;김헌일
    • 동의신경정신과학회지
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    • 제14권1호
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    • pp.133-139
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    • 2003
  • 본 증례는 약물부작용으로 인한 이차성 파킨슨 중에서 설(舌), 하악(下顎), 수부(手部)에 진전(震顫)증상이 나타난 환자를 풍담(風痰)으로 인한 진전(震顫)증상으로 보고 척담탕(滌痰湯)을 투여하고, 합곡(合谷), 태충(太衝), 중완(中脘), 풍륭(豊隆), 염천(廉泉), 족삼리(足三里), 양릉천(陽陵泉), 풍지(風池), 백회(百會) 위주의 침(鍼)치료를 병행하여 치료한 결과, 빠른 증상회복을 보였던 예이다. 이런 결과는 약물부작용으로 인한 이차성 파킨슨증을 치료하는 기초적 자료가 될 것이며, 약물회피요법을 단독으로 시행하는 경우와 한의학적 치료를 병행하는 경우의 치료효과에 대한 비교분석을 포함하여 향후 객관적이고 지속적인 연구가 필요하 리라 사료된다.

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산업장 여성 근로자의 건강과 약물사용 (A Study on Health condition and Drug use of Female Workers in Incheon area)

  • 조원순
    • 한국보건간호학회지
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    • 제9권2호
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    • pp.17-32
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    • 1995
  • The purpose of this study is to promote health for young female workers. It is based on questionnaires collected from 215 female workers in Incheon area. This study includes health condition (fatigue scores), occupational disease, knowledge of abused drugs and the actual condition of drug use. The results are summerized as follows: - $47.4\%$ visited their health center and were treated with diseases like cold and headache $(34.9\%)$, gastroenteric disease $(6.5\%)$, trauma $(7.9\%)$ and chronic disease such as diabetes and hypertension $(3.3\%)$ - $44.7\%$ received regular health education and $4.7\%$ among them received education on abused drugs. - $20.5\%$ were suffering from work related diseases such as gastroenteric disease, headache, trauma, repiratory disease, skin problem, arthritis, low back pain, shortsightness and tuberculosis. - Total mean fatigue score as an indication of health status was $9.0\pm5.4$ points out of 30 points. Physical mean score (group I) was $3.92\pm2.2$ points and psychological mean score was $2.5\pm2.3$ points and neurosensory mean score was $2.6\pm2.1$ points out of each 10 points. - They recognized analgesics $(55.0\%)$ and the next are laxatives $(49.8\%)$, inhalants $(40.0\%)$, narcotics $(24.2\%)$, stimulants $(24.0\%)$, antihistamines$(5.9\%)$, diuretics $(3.0\%)$, tranquilizer $(2.4\%)$ and sedatives $(1.4\%)$ - They used analgesics $(37.2\%)$ the most and then laxatives $(6.0\%)$, stimulants$(5.6\%)$, diuretics $(1.9\%)$, antihistamines$(0.5\%)$, And nobody used tranquilizer, sedatives, narcotics and inhalant. - The relationship between career, drug abuse education, health center utilization and and the actual condition of drug using was examined. The longer the career and the more educated with drug abuse, the less drug used. And those who utilized health center rarely used more drugs. - The relationship between career, health center utilization, the score of fatigue and use of analgesics was also examined. Those group who have a longer career above 3 years and the group who have never used health center used more analgesics. And the group of fatigue score above 11.0 points used a little more analgesics than the other group. These results indicate that analgesics are the most frequent used drugs among female workers. Those analgesics such as geborin, penzal, saridon, aspirin, tyrenol should be used properly. These basic data is submitted for the education and consultation which are carried out by industrial nurses for promoting health of industrial workers.

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항우울제와 관련된 사망사례분석 - 2010년 수도권을 중심으로 - (Antidepressant-related Fatalities in the Capital Region of Korea in 2010)

  • 정희선;이상기
    • 약학회지
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    • 제57권4호
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    • pp.289-292
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    • 2013
  • A total of 2,080 forensic autopsies in Seoul, Incheon and Gyeonggi province were performed by the National Forensic Service (NFS) in 2010. After analysing blood samples collected at autopsies by GC-MS and LC-MS/MS, the types and prevalence of drugs and poisons in blood were investigated using our laboratory information management system. Among 2,080 cases, 1,061 cases (51%) were positive for drugs and poisons. Surprisingly, antidepressants were identified in 137 cases which comprised 13% of the positive cases. Twelve different kinds of antidepressants were determined: Amitriptyline, fluoxetine, nortriptyline, trazodone, imipramine, mirtazapine, citalopram, venlafaxin, clomipramine, paroxetine, sertraline and bupropion. Amitriptyline was the most frequently detected antidepressant and was identified in 39 cases. Moreover, amitriptyline, fluoxetine, and nortriptyline were included in the list of the 20 most commonly encountered drugs or poisons in the analysis of blood collected at autopsies from 2007 to 2009, indicating the prevalence of their use. In this study, the 137 antidepressant-related deaths were classified by the mode of death to predict the prevalence of these drugs. As a result, those deaths were divided into four groups based on the cause and mode of death: 56 cases of suicide with fatal concentrations of antidepressant drugs in blood, 6 homicidal cases directly or indirectly related to antidepressants, 59 natural deaths with antidepressants detected in blood and 16 deaths caused by fire or other accidents with antidepressants detected in blood. Because incidents involving antidepressants have been increasing, especially in suicides or homicides, it is necessary for the health authorities and law enforcement administrations to cooperate and share the statistical data for curbing the abuse of antidepressants. This report is expected to provide the reference data related with antidepressants for the investigation of the deaths.

특허신약의 가격통제 및 공급 정책으로서의 강제실시 : 한국에서의 가능성과 한계 (Compulsory Licensing as a price control and supply policy of patented drugs : Is it a possible alternative in South Korea?)

  • 변진옥;정정훈
    • 보건행정학회지
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    • 제20권1호
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    • pp.64-86
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    • 2010
  • Korea has had problems with the price and supply of essential drugs such as Gleevec for leukemia, Fuzeon for HIV/AIDS, and Tamiflu for both avian flu and swine flu. The shortage or refusal of patented drugs supply is imposing a heavy burden in not only developing countries but also developed countries. Thinking over the serious results, we need to concern about the limited access to patented drugs by multinational drug companies' patent monopoly especially for pandemic and life threatening diseases. The effective response regarding to pandemic and life threatening diseases. The effective response regarding to pandemic situation requests collaborative and unbiased provisions of all countries in the world, however, sometimes patent monopoly may hinder the efforts. Compulsory licensing has been considered to be a useful alternative to the abuse of patent rights. However, the Korean experiences of compulsory licensing have left some controversial issues in connection with the availability of it in Korea. 'Flexibility' allowed in TRIPS and Doha Declaration has not come into effect in Korea for several reasons. Although the situation shows the limitations of compulsory licensing as a pharmaceutical supply policy, it is clear that compulsory licensing still has the possibilities of enhancing the access to medicines of all countries in need. Through searching the institutionalization process and experiments of compulsory licensing in Korea, this article explores the possibilities and the limits.

고등학생(高等學生)의 약물(藥物) 남용(濫用) 실태(實態) (The actual conditions on drug abuse among High school students in Busan city)

  • 조연숙
    • 한국학교보건학회지
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    • 제3권1호
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    • pp.101-118
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    • 1990
  • 학생들 간에 사용되고 있는 각종 약물 남용에 관한 실태와 문제점을 알아보기 위하여 1989년 3월 15일부터 3월 29일 사이에 부산 시내에 위치한 인문계 실업계, 남 녀 고등학교 각각 1개교씩 총 4개교의 학생 2,411명을 대상으로 지난 1년간 약물 남용실태를 설문조사한 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 대상학생들의 24.4%가 흡연경험이 있었고, 현재 피우는 학생은 11.6%였으며, 실업계 학생이 인문계보다 더 많았다. 안정제, 최면제, 각성제를 제외한 모든 약물의 약명 파악률은 90% 이상이었고, 지난 1년간 복용경험자 비율은 진통제, 소화제, 자양강장제가 70~80% 수준이었고 각성제는 15.6%, 안정제는 1.4%, 최면제는 0.5%, 본드 1.4%, 신나 0.5%였다. 약물 사용 경험자중에서 매일 복용 혹은 사용하고 있는 자의 비율은 진통제 7.7%(145명), 소화제 6.2%(118명), 자양강장제 5.2%(96명), 안정제 5.9%(2명), 각성제 5.0%(19명), 마약류 2.8%(1명)였으나 최면제와 본드의 매일 사용자는 없었다. 이로 미루어 볼때 고등학생은 비마약성 약물의 남용이 심각하다고 하겠다. 약물을 치료목적 이외에 사용한 학생은 남 녀 각각 진통제 8.4%, 6.5%, 소화제 20.7%, 14.7%, 자양강장제 65.4%, 55.5%였으며 마약류는 우울할 때나 호기심으로 쓰는 율이 높았다. 특히 각성제는 대부분 공부를 위하여 사용되고 있는 것으로 나타나 입시제도의 심각성이 지적되고 있다. 구입 장소별로는 마약류, 본드, 신나는 구멍가게나 행상, 친구에게서 구입률이 가장 높았고, 그 이외의 약품은 약국과 의료기관에서의 구입률이 높았다. 흡연자가 비흡연자에 비하여 모든 약물을 월등히 많이 사용하고 있었으며, 특히 마약류의 사용은 흡연과 아주 밀접한 연관성이 있었다. 대상 학생들의 약물의 이름을 알고 있는 비율은 높으나, 약물을 타당한 목적(신체적, 정신적 건강향상)에 사용하지 않는 경우가 많았고, 약물의 처음 사용시기가 중학시절(14~15세)이 많았으며 호기심에서 사용한 율이 높아기 때문에 약물남용의 부작용과 의존성에 대한 경각심을 일찍부터 고취시켜 줄 필요가 있다고 판단되어 국민학교 교육과정에서부터 약물 남용예방을 위한 보건교육 및 홍보가 시급하다고 하겠다. 이와 함께 학생들의 금연에 관한 교육 및 홍보가 우선되어야 할 것이다. 또한 약물을 약국, 구멍가게 등에서 쉽게 구입할 수 있었다는 사실로 보아 약물 통제를 위한 규제를 검토 보완해야 하며, 의약 분업의 조속한 실시가 필요한 것으로 생각된다.

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대구시(大邱市) 일부(一部) 남자고등학생(男子高等學生)의 약물남용(藥物濫用) 실태(實態)와 관련요인(關聯要因) (Drug Abuse Status and Its Determinants of Male High School Students in Taegu)

  • 남중락;감신;박재용;한창현;하영애
    • Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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    • 제29권3호
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    • pp.451-469
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    • 1996
  • 남자고등학생의 약물남용실태와 그 관련요인을 알아보기 위하여 대구시 일부 인문계와 실업계 고등학교의 1, 2학년 5,665명(인문계 2,207명, 실업계 3,458명)을 대상으로 자기기입식 설문조사를 시행하였다. 응답자의 55.0%가 음주경험이 있었으며 27.2%는 현재도 음주를 하고 있다고 하였다. 흡연경험률은 45.8%였으며 21.5%는 현재도 흡연을 하고 있었다. 음주와 흡연경험률은 1학년에 비해 2학년이 높았으며, 인문계 고등학생에 비해 실업계 고등학생의 경험률이 높았다. 각성제는 3.2%가 사용한 경험이 있었는데, 실업계 고등학생에 비해 인문계 고등학생의 경험률이 더 높았다. 환각제 사용 경험률은 1.6%, 대마초 사용 경험률은 0.1%였다. 주거지역이 상가나 공장지역인 경우, 생활수준이 낮을수록, 이사횟수가 많을수록, 부모가 모두 생존해 계시지 않는 경우, 가족과 떨어져 있는 경우에 약물경험률이 높았다. 그러나 각성제의 경우는 생활수준이 높은 경우에 경험률이 높은 경향을 보였다. 부모의 관심도가 낮을수록, 부모의 교육수준이 낮을수록, 부모가 음주와 흡연을 하는 경우 약물경험률이 높았다. 그리고 학교성적이 낮을수록, 학습시간이 짧을수록, 어울리는 친구와 약물을 사용하는 친구수가 많을수록 약물경험률이 높았다. 약물사용 금지와 처벌에 대한 지식과 약물경험과의 관계에서는, 약물사용후 자제심상실 또는 사회질서를 문란케 한 자는 처벌을 받는다고 알고 있는 학생의 흡연 및 대마초 경험률이 유의하게 낮았으며, 미성년자는 끽연과 음주행위를 법으로 금하고 있다고 답한 학생의 약물사용 경험률이 낮았다. 약물을 수용하는 태도를 보인 학생의 약물사용 경험률이 높았고, 스트레스 수준과 약물경험과의 관계에서는, 스트레스 정도가 높을수록 약물사용 경험률이 높았다. 약물사용 경험유무를 종속변수로 하여 다중 로지스틱 회귀분석으로 영향을 미치는 요인을 알아본 결과 2학년의 경우, 인문계보다는 실업계인 경우, 부모의 관심도가 낮을수록, 학업성적이 낮을수록, 약물사용 친구가 있는 경우, 미성년자의 끽연 음주행위를 법으로 금하고 있다는 사실을 모르고 있는 경우, 이성친구에게 약물을 먹이고 싶은 충동을 느끼는 경우, 그리고 스트레스가 많은 경우가 음주와 흡연을 더 경험하는 것으로 나타났으며 다른 약물경험률도 이와 관련된 변수와 연관이 있었다. 청소년의 약물경험에는 가정환경, 부모환경, 학교생활 및 환경, 약물에 대한 수용태도, 약물사용에 대한 금지 및 처벌에 대한 지식, 스트레스 정도가 영향을 미치고 있었다. 따라서 청소년의 약물남용의 예방을 위하여는 가정, 학교, 사회 등이 서로 유기적으로 협력하여 교육 지도해야 될 것으로 생각된다.

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Effect of Ginseng Total Saponin on the Development of Psychic and Physical Dependence on Nalbuphine

  • Kim, Hack-Seang;Oh, Ki-Won
    • Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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    • 제2권4호
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    • pp.316-321
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    • 1994
  • This study was undertaken to estimate whether nalbuphine, a mixed agonist/antagonist opioid analgesic produced psychic dependence. Moreover, the physical dependence liability of nalbuphine was compared with that of morphine after 7 days administrations of the drugs in mice and rats, and the effects of ginseng total saponin (GTS) on the development of physical dependence on nalbuphine were also studied. Nalbuphine did not produce psychic dependence. However, various abstinence signs precipitated by naloxone were observed in nalbuphine-dependent mice and rats. As the nature of the dependence syndrome produced by nalbuphine 30 mg/kg under these conditions seems similar to that induced by morphine 10 mg/kg, it is clear that nalbuphine possesses the substantial abuse potential. Therefore, nalbuphine may be needed to initiate more stringent controls for the prevention of nalbuphine abuse. On the other hand, GTS inhibited the development of physical dependence on nalbuphine and reduced the contents of dopamine and its metabolite in the brains of mice. Accordingly, results of this study suggest that the inhibitory effects of GTS on the development of physical dependence on nalbuphine may involve dopaminergic mechanism. GTS may be useful for the therapy of physical dependence on nalbuphine.

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메스암페타민(필로폰) 급성 중독으로 유발된 심정지 후 생존한 1례 (Survival after Cardiac Arrest due to Acute Methamphetamine Poisoning: A Case Report)

  • 문유호;김정호
    • 대한임상독성학회지
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    • 제16권2호
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    • pp.176-180
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    • 2018
  • Drug abuse and its related problems are increasing continuously in Korea. One of the most frequently abused drugs is methamphetamine, but there are few medical report in Korea. This is the first report of the identification of methamphetamine in the blood of a patient who had a return of spontaneous circulation after cardiac arrest and survived discharge. A 33-year-old male arrived at the emergency department presenting with chest pain and dyspnea. He had ingested methamphetamine and alcohol approximately 7 hours before arrival. One hour after arrival, he had seizure followed by cardiac arrest. Spontaneous circulation was recovered after 4 minutes of CPR. An analysis of the National Forensic Service identified plasma methamphetamine with an estimated average concentration of plasma methamphetamine at the time of arrival of 0.6 mg/L, a lethal dose. He had rhabdomyolysis and acute kidney injury but survived after continuous renal replacement therapy. Since then, he has suffered chronic kidney disease, and he is being followed up at the out-patient department. In Korea, although drug abuse is still uncommon, it is on the increase. Therefore, emergency physicians should be aware of the clinical characteristics of methamphetamine poisoning.

예방적 측면에서 본 일본 청소년의 약물남용자의 특징 -약물남용자와 비남용자의 비교 연구- (Prevention and the characteristics of drug abusers among Japanese junior high school students : A comparative study of drug users and non-drug users)

  • 오학
    • 보건교육건강증진학회지
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    • 제11권2호
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    • pp.57-67
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    • 1994
  • The aim of this study was to research and compare the demographic characteristics of drug abusers with non-drug abusers among junior high school students in Japan through a closed format questionnaire. The same questionnaire and face-to-face interviews were used in order to find the circumstances of drug abuser among Kyogoin(a sort of child welfare institution) students in Japan. The goal of the study was to provide basic materials for preventive education of drug abuse through the two investigations mentioned above. Between July 1993 and November 1993, the information for this study was collected from 964 students from 4 junior high schools, and also 142 students from 3 Kyogoin in Japan. A total of 1106 questionnaires were completed resulting in a following response rate of 90.4%. Information was based on the scales : family relation scale, school life scale, recognition on danger of drug abuse scale, family environment scale (Moos, 1986), self esteem inventory (Coopersmith, 1967), etc. The conclusions can be summarized as follows : 1. Drug abusers are more likely to lake communication in their families and have poorer human relations than non-drug abusers. Also their school life scores tended to be lawer non-drug abusers. 2. It was between their 6th year of elementary school and their first of Junior high school when the drug was first used. The drug of choice which they made their first attempt at using was a volatile solvent which was inhaled. It is likely that this drug is "gateway-drug" for adolescents in Japan because they then also tried other drugs (e.g. cocaine, marijuana, etc.) step by step. 3. It is therefore clearly important that greatly increasing education on the harmful effects of drug abuse before the summer vacation of the first term of the sixth year of elementary school. At the same time, intervention in the family will have an effective prevention strategy in Japan, as well., as well.

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Zipeprol 남용환자에서 뇌 단일광자방출 전산화단층촬영술의 임상적 의의 (Clinical Significance of Brain SPECT in Zipeprol Abusers)

  • 조대옥;김재필;김덕윤;양형인;고은미;김광원;최영길
    • 대한핵의학회지
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    • 제27권1호
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    • pp.22-27
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    • 1993
  • Drug abuse is widespread in worldwide and has been associated with neurologic complication. Zipeprol is one of the drugs which been abused for psychological satisfaction in some adolescents. This agent is non-opioid antitussive agent, which is not legally considered as being capable of creating dependence or abuse liability at therapeutic serum levels. But it has been reported that acute or chronic overdose create neurologic complication such as convulsion as well as dependence. Recently we experienced six zipeprol abusers who admitted due to convulsion and variable neurologic symptoms. The aim of our study was to determine the role of $^{99m}Tc$-HMPAO brain SPECT in those patients. EEG and brain CT showed no abnormal finding, but brain SPECT showed focal or multiple perfusion abnormalities in frontal, parietal, occipital cortex, basal ganglia, thalamus and especially at temporal cortex. These results suggest that brain SPECT may be a useful diagnostic tool to evaluate the cerebral dysfunction infused by zipeprol abuse.

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