• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• 제20권6호
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• pp.699-703
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• 1992

An oriental drug, named NP-S, traditionally used as a therapeutic agent for hepatitis B was characterized by separating into volatile and non-volatile fractions. The volatile fraction contained ammonia as determined by ammonia kit and eight peaks when it was analyzed by gas chromatography that are not identified yet. The elemental analysis showed that the non-volatile fraction contained 15.5% carbon, 4.8% hydrogen, 11% nitrogen, and 10% sulfur along with a few trace elements such as Cl, Si, Mg and Zn. NP-S contained 6.7% peptide, 0.3% free amino acids such as Lys, Pro, Arg, lie, Tyr, Phe, His, Thr and Ser and 0.1% inorganic phosphate. The drug showed antimicrobial activity against Salmonella typhimurium, StaPhylococcus aureus and Candida albieans and also had antioxidant activity when thiobarbituric acid reacting substances(TBARS) method was applied.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• 제51권1호
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• pp.86-91
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• 2020

For toxicological evaluation, water extracts and powder from Polygoni Multiflori Radix were made and the component analysis was followed by the Korean Pharmacopoeia method. To verify the stability of the water extract and powder from Polygoni Multiflori Radix used for toxic testing, the stability test was examined after storage at room temperature and in the cold room for one year. Water extract and powder from Polygoni Multiflori Radix were found to be stable for one year. Therefore, the use of the specimen of Polygoni Multiflori Radix after preparation during the animal test turned out to be stable.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Pharmacy
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• 제33권2호
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• pp.122-127
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• 2023

Background: This study was aimed to identify the safety signals of metoclopramide in Korea Adverse Event Reporting System (KAERS) database by proportionality analysis methods. Methods: The study was conducted using Korea Institute of Drug Safety and Risk Management-Korea Adverse Event Reporting System Database (KIDS-KD) reported from January 2013 to December 2017 through KAERS. Signals of metoclopramide that satisfied the data-mining indices of proportional reporting ratio (PRR), reporting odds ratio (ROR) and information component (IC) were defined. The detected signals were checked whether they included in drug labels in the Ministry of Food and Drug Safety (MFDS), U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and Micromedex^®. Results: A total number of drug AE reports associated with all drugs of data in this study was 2,665,429. Among them, the number of AE reports associated with metoclopramide was 22,583. Forty-two meaningful signals of metoclopramide were detected that satisfied with the criteria of data-mining indicies. Especially neurological signals including extrapyramidal reactions, represented in the safety letter of regulatory agencies were identified in this study. Conclusion: Neurological signals of metoclopramide including extrapyramidal reactions were detected. It is believed that this search for signals can contribute to ensuring safety in the use of metoclopramide.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• 제31권5호
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• pp.327-334
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• 2016

This study was conducted to establish the standard method for the contents of biotin in milk formulas. To optimize the method, we compared several conditions for liquid extraction, purification and instrumental measurement using spiked samples and certified reference material (NIST SRM 1849a) as test materials. LC-MS/MS method for biotin was established using $C_{18}$ column and binary gradient 0.1% formic acid/acetonitrile, 0.1% formic acid/water mobile phase is applied for biotin. Product-ion traces at m/z 245.1 ${\rightarrow}$ 227.1, 166.1 are used for quantitative analysis of biotin. The linearity was over $R^2=0.999$ in range of $5{\sim}60{\mu}g/L$. For purification, chloroform was used as a solvent for eliminating lipids in milk formula. The linearity was over 0.999 in range of 5~60 ng/mL. The detection limit and quantification limit were 0.10, 0.31 ng/mL. The accuracy and precision of LC-MS/MS method using CRM were 103%, 2.5% respectively. Optimized methods were applied in sample analysis to verify the reliability. All the tested milk formulas were acceptable contents of biotin compared with component specification and standards for nutrition labeling. The standard operating procedures were prepared for biotin to provide experimental information and to strengthen the management of nutrient in milk formula.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제45권1호
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• pp.18-24
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• 2002

This study was conducted to find out optimum conditions for kanjang fermented with barley bran. The correlation between taste components and sensory evaluation score was analyzed with stepwise multiple regression analysis. It was revealed that the taste of kanjang was explained with the mix of free amino acids, free sugars and organic acids. The highest multiple correlation coefficient was obtained from absolute value transformed with logarithm. Thus, stepwise multiple regression analysis was conducted with absolute value transformed with logarithm, for which F-value was highest and standard error of estimation was lowest among the multiple regression models transformed with six variables. The stepwise multiple regression analysis showed that the taste components which most contribute to the quality of taste of kanjang fermented with barley bran was salty taste component followed by palatable taste component, and bitter taste component.

• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.17-24
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• 2007

Objectives : Licorice has been commonly used as a detoxification agent. We previously reported that licorice and its component, liquiritigenin, exhibits cytoprotective activity against Pb-induced toxicity. The present study was conducted to evaluate the effect of liquiritigenin on the lead-induced cytotoxicity in PC-12 cells. Methods : PC-12 cells were pre-treated with liquiritigenin, and further incubated with lead 100 ${\mu}M$ for $12^{\sim}48$ hours. The viability of PC-12 cells was measured by MTT assay, and the levels of proteins were analysed by western blot. Results : Severe cytotoxicity was induced and nitric oxide (NO) production was augmented by the exposure of lead. Liquiritigenin protected cells from lead-induced cytoxicity and reduced NO production in a dose-dependent manner. The inhibition of NO production was due to the suppression of iNOS protein via the inhibition of $NF-{\kappa}B$ nuclear translocation, determined by western blot analysis. Conclusions : These results suggest that liquiritigenin may exert cytoprotective effect against lead toxicity by inhibiting NO production.

• Korean Journal of Health Education and Promotion
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.103-120
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• 1992

The purpose of this study was designed for the model development of curriculum of school health education including learning-teaching method, through analysis of results compared between a regular schedule health instruction and irregular health education. And this study is an attempt to give fundamental information for establishing of school health subject as the concept and scope of the school health subject is still not recognized and accepted satisfactorily in Korea. The data were collected by questionnaire from middle school girls and were carried out from 1989 to 1991. The major results obtained from this study were as follows: A Analysis of the case of school health. instruction 1. The responses of students about health eaducation : The positive rate of answers on the 'Health education is very important subject' was 91.2%, and on the 'I can maintain well healthful life : int of selfcare' was 87.1%. 2. The condition on knowledge, attitude and practice about health education: Education group had higher scores than comparison group about all most of questions, especially sex-education and drug abuse prevention education. 3. All the case of disease early founded out during the health instruction were children disease such as bone-tumor, lymphoma, hydrocephalus, and leukemia. B. Model development of school health education 1. Component of the health education subject (1) Healthful Life → Personal Health (2) Physical anatomy and Prevention of disease → Community Health (3) Growth and Development(sex education) → Community Health (4) Environment and Health → Community Health (5) Previntion of drug abuse → Human Health (6) Safety life → Human Health 2. Leanning - teaching method of health instruction (1) A Model of leaning-teaching method : A regular circulating health instruction by the component health subject for 2 hours a month. (2) B Model of leaning-teaching method : A regular schedule health education for hour a week.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.88-92
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• 2007

Isopropylthioxanthone(ITX) is used as a photoinitiator In UV-cured inks, triggering the radical polymerization of the acrylic component of such inks and thus causing the liquid ink film to cure. Recently ITX was detected in carton packed food in Italy. In order to cope with risk issues of overseas and acquire monitoring data on ITX, we have established the method using HPLC/FLD for ITX analysis after reviewing parameters of the analytical methods. Limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ) were 0.02 ppb and 0.1 ppb, and linearity and RSD (%) were 0.9991 and 1.09, respectively. We have investigated ITX levels migrated to food on 87 commercial products packed in carton and ITX was not detected any food. Therefore it is supposed that UV-cured ink containing ITX as photoinitiator is not currently used in printing of carton pack in Korea.

• Analytical Science and Technology
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• 제33권2호
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• pp.98-107
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• 2020

Methamphetamine (MA) is currently the most abused illicit drug in Korea. MA is produced by chemical synthesis, and the final target drug that is produced contains small amounts of the precursor chemicals, intermediates, and by-products. To identify and quantify these trace compounds in MA seizures, a practical and feasible approach for conducting chromatographic fingerprinting with a suite of traditional chemometric methods and recently introduced machine learning approaches was examined. This was achieved using gas chromatography (GC) coupled with a flame ionization detector (FID) and mass spectrometry (MS). Following appropriate examination of all the peaks in 71 samples, 166 impurities were selected as the characteristic components. Unsupervised (principal component analysis (PCA), hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA), and K-means clustering) and supervised (partial least squares-discriminant analysis (PLS-DA), orthogonal partial least squares-discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA), support vector machines (SVM), and deep neural network (DNN) with Keras) chemometric techniques were employed for classifying the 71 MA seizures. The results of the PCA, HCA, K-means clustering, PLS-DA, OPLS-DA, SVM, and DNN methods for quality evaluation were in good agreement. However, the tested MA seizures possessed distinct features, such as chirality, cutting agents, and boiling points. The study indicated that the established qualitative and semi-quantitative methods will be practical and useful analytical tools for characterizing trace compounds in illicit MA seizures. Moreover, they will provide a statistical basis for identifying the synthesis route, sources of supply, trafficking routes, and connections between seizures, which will support drug law enforcement agencies in their effort to eliminate organized MA crime.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• 제39권4호
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• pp.330-334
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• 2008

Shin Kwae Hwan(神快丸) is a Chinese patent medicine which has been used for polymyositis, trigeminal neuralgiaand ischiodynia in Korea. It consists of 15 kinds of powdered crude drugs. In powered crude drugs, it is hard to identify each component by chemical analysis or morphological examination. However, the method of identification of powdered crude drugs has not been clearly established. For the identification of individual crude drugs in such powdery mixtures, microscopic method may advantageously be used, as it requires only small amount of specimens. In this study, it is demonstrated that the microscopic method is very effective for the identification of 15 crude drug ingredients in Shin Kwae Hwan.