• 약학회지
• /
• 제47권6호
• /
• pp.390-397
• /
• 2003

It is common that geriatric patients are on several medications at the same time. With this situation on hand, this study has collected prescriptions of individual geriatric patient and investigated possible drug interactions. In order to minimize the drug interactions and protect those patients from adverse reactions of medication, the gradual implementation and management of the medication history of each individual patient, the establishment of medication counseling system on medicines particularly in need of obligatory advice, the use of an inspection system on drug interactions at the time of prescription, and the implementation of a patient monitoring system on the drugs with narrow margin of safety at hospitals.

• 통합자연과학논문집
• /
• 제7권2호
• /
• pp.75-78
• /
• 2014

Computer-aided drug design uses computational chemistry to discover, enhance, or study drugs and related biologically active molecules. It is now proved to be effective in reducing costs and speeding up drug discovery. In this short review, we discussed on the importance of combining molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulation methodologies. We also reviewed the importance of protein flexibility, refinement of docked complexes using molecular dynamics and the use of free energy calculations for the calculation of accurate binding energies has been reviewed.

• Communications for Statistical Applications and Methods
• /
• 제13권2호
• /
• pp.285-295
• /
• 2006

As more generic drugs become available, the quality, safety, and efficacy of generic drugs have become a public concern. Specifically, drug interchangeability among generic copies of the same brand-name drug is a safety concern. This research proposes a Bayesian method for assessing bioequivalence between two generic copies of the same brand-name drug from two independent $2{\times}2$ crossover design experiments. Uninformative priors are considered for general use and the posterior distribution of the difference of two generic drug effects is derived from which the highest probability density interval can be evaluated. Examples are presented for illustration.

• Elastomers and Composites
• /
• 제54권2호
• /
• pp.149-155
• /
• 2019

Controlled mass transport in response to stimuli is essential for drug carriers. The complexity of the signaling system under physiological conditions has led researchers to develop precise nanocontainers that respond to stimuli in the physiological environment. Owing to several reasons, soft nanocontainers such as liposomes and micelles have been investigated for use as drug delivery systems. However, such carriers often suffer from the undesired leakage of drug molecules. In contrast, inorganic nanocontainers are robust, and their surfaces can be easily functionalized. For example, mesoporous silica nanoparticles equipped with gatekeeper molecules are increasingly being used for the controlled release of drug molecules in response to the desired stimuli. Since the development of the first hybrid nanocontainer comprising molecular machines, multiple versions of such gatekeeper systems featuring significantly improved stability and precise response to stimuli have been reported. In this study, various methods for incorporating photoresponsive nanocontainers with porous channels are developed.

• 한국의료질향상학회지
• /
• 제1권1호
• /
• pp.44-54
• /
• 1994

약물사용검토는 약물을 적합하고, 안전하며, 효과적으로 사용하기 위해 고안된 권위 있는 질 보장 제도로 정의된다. Ceftazidime에 대한 약물사용검토는 이를 시행함으로써 ceftazidime사용의 합리성을 찾고자 하였으며, ceftazidime의 약물사용검토는 미국병원 약사회에 의해 설정된 ceftazidime에 대한 약물사용검토 criteria를 근간으로 변화시켜 사용하였고, 1993년 1월1일부터 1993년 7월31일까지 서울대학교 병원에 입원하여 ceftazidime으로 약물치료를 받은 환자 60명의 의무기록을 후향적으로 검토하는 방법을 사용하였다. 연구결과, 사용의 정당성에 관한 항목에서는 73%, 사용시 지켜 주거나 시행되어야 할 사항에 관한 항목중 배양과 감수성 시험, 간 기능 검사, 첫 약물투여전 과민반응 약물검사등은 80%이상의 적합율을 받았다. 치료효과 판정 및 사용결과에 대한 검토항목에서는 약물사용 중지후 감염의 완전한 퇴치여부를 확인하는 항목에서는 46%의 적합율을 보이고 있다. 결과적으로 Pseudomonas aeruginosa에 ceftazidime사용은 유용하게 쓸 수 있는 다른 약물을 먼저 사용한 후 ceftazidime은 좀 더 신중하게 선택하고, 또한 심각한 부작용을 막기 위해 더욱 적극적인 검사 및 모니터링이 요구된다.

• 한국임상약학회지
• /
• 제30권3호
• /
• pp.143-148
• /
• 2020

Objective: This study aimed to investigate pharmaceutical care for critically ill neonates and suggest targeted strategies compatible with the Korean health-system pharmacy. Methods: Articles that reported pharmacy practices for critically ill neonates were reviewed. Pharmaceutical care practices and roles of neonatal pharmacists were identified, and criteria were developed for neonates in need of specialized care by clinical pharmacists. Results: Neonatal pharmacists play many roles in the overall medication management pathway. For clinical decision support, multidisciplinary ward rounds, clinical pharmacokinetic services, and consultation for pharmacotherapy and nutrition support were conducted. Prevention and resolution of drug-related problems through review of medication charts contributed to medication safety. Pharmaceutical optimization of intravenous medication played an important role in safe and effective therapy. Information on the use of off-label medicine, recommended dosage and dosing schedules, and stability of intravenous medicine was provided to other health professionals. Most clinical practices for neonates in Korea included therapeutic drug monitoring and nutrition support services. Reduction in medication errors and adverse drug reactions, shortening the duration of weaning medicines, decreasing the use and cost of antimicrobials, and improvement in nutrition status were reported as the outcomes of pharmacist-led interventions. The essential criteria of pharmaceutical care, including for patients with potential high-risk factors for drug-related problems, was developed. Conclusion: Pharmaceutical care for critically ill neonates varies widely. Development and provision of standardized pharmaceutical care for Korean neonates and a stepwise strategy for the expansion of clinical pharmacy services are required.

• 의료커뮤니케이션
• /
• 제13권2호
• /
• pp.185-193
• /
• 2018

Background: Nursing college students are exposed to information about diseases or drugs, and are likely to have a distorted perception of drug knowledge or behavior. The study aimed to identify knowledge and attitude about drugs and current status of self-medication among nursing students. Methods: The subjects were 172 nursing students from a university in Busan. Data were collected with structured questionnaires and analyzed using descriptive analysis, t-test, and one-way ANOVA using SPSS 23.0. Results: Nursing students had a high level of knowledge about drugs, but attitudes toward drugs were relatively low. 83.7% of patients had experience of self-medication. The methods to acquire information for self-administration were 29.9% by smart phone and 27.1% by internet. The use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) among self-medication drugs was the highest. The most common reason for self-medication was 'I thought it to be a mild disease', and the pharmacists were the most affected by choice of self-medication. The knowledge about drugs was statistically significant according to grade, school life satisfaction and subjective health status. The attitudes about medication were statistically significant according to grade and self-medication experience. Conclusion: Nursing college students need drug safety education to improve awareness and practice of correct drug use.

• Journal of Veterinary Science
• /
• 제25권2호
• /
• pp.33.1-33.11
• /
• 2024

Agricultural production is a major driver of the Philippine economy. Mass production of animal products, such as livestock and poultry farming, is one of the most prominent players in the field. Filipino farmers use veterinary medicinal products (VMPs) when raising agricultural animals to improve animal growth and prevent diseases. Unfortunately, the extensive use of VMPs, particularly antibiotics, has been linked to drug resistance in animals, particularly antibiotics. Antimicrobial gene products produced in animals due to the prolonged use of VMPs can passed on to humans when they consume animal products. This paper reviews information on the use of VMPs in the Philippines, including the regulations, their impact, challenges, and potential recommendations. The Philippines has existing legislation regulating VMP use. Several agencies were tasked to regulate the use of VMPs, such as the Department of Agriculture, the Department of Health, and the Philippine National Action Plan. Unfortunately, there is a challenge to implementing these regulations, which affects consumers. The unregulated use of VMPs influences the transmission of antibiotic residues from animals to crops to humans. This challenge should be addressed, with more focus on stricter regulation.

• 경영정보학연구
• /
• 제24권1호
• /
• pp.21-37
• /
• 2022

신약을 개발하는 한 가지 방법의 하나인 신약 재창출(Drug Repositioning)은 이미 사람들에게 사용할 수 있도록 승인된 약물들이 다른 용도로 사용되도록 하여 새로운 적응증을 발견하는 유용한 방법이다. 최근에는 머신러닝 기술의 발달로 방대한 생물학적 정보를 분석하여 신약 개발에 활용하는 경우가 증가하고 있다. 신약 재창출에 머신러닝 기술을 활용하면 효과적인 치료법을 신속하게 찾아내는 데 도움을 줄 것이다. 현재 심각한 급성 호흡기 증후군인 코로나바이러스(COVID-19)에 의한 신종 질병으로 전 세계가 힘든 시간을 보내고 있다. 이미 임상적으로 승인된 약물의 용도를 변경하는 신약 재창출은 COVID-19 환자를 치료하기 위한 치료제의 대안이 될 수 있다. 본 연구는 머신러닝 기법을 활용하여 신약 재창출 분야에 대한 연구 동향을 살펴보고자 한다. Pub Med에서 웹 스크래핑 기법을 사용하여 'Drug Repositioning'이라는 키워드로 총 4,821건의 논문을 수집하였다. 데이터 전처리 후, 4,419건의 논문을 대상으로 빈도분석, LDA 기반 토픽모델링, Random Forest 분류 분석 및 예측 성능평가를 수행하였다. Word2vec 모델을 기반으로 연관어를 분석하였고, PCA 차원 축소 후 K-Means 군집화하여 레이블을 생성한 후, t-SNE 알고리즘을 이용하여 논문이 형성하고 있는 그룹을 시각화하고, LDA 결과에 계층적 군집화를 적용하여 히트맵으로 시각화하였다. 본 연구는 신약 재창출과 관련된 연구 주제가 무엇인지를 파악하고, 머신러닝 알고리즘을 사용하여 대량의 문헌에서 의미 있는 주제를 도출하고 시각화하는 방법을 제시하였다. 향후 신약 재창출 분야의 연구나 개발 전략을 수립하기 위한 기초자료로 활용되는 데 도움을 줄 것이라고 기대한다.

• 한국식품위생안전성학회지
• /
• 제7권2호
• /
• pp.107.2-119
• /
• 1992

Fish pathology is one of the main scientific bases upon which this expansion in aquaculture has been dependent and requires a wide knowledge of the environmental constraints, the physiology and characteristic of the various pathogens, the responses of the host, and the methods by which they may be controlled. The primary disease and parasite problems in aquaculture animals related to viral, bacteria, fungal and protozoan epizootics. Parasitic nematodes, trematodes and cestodes are commonly found in aquaculture animals, but seldom are they present in concentrations sufficient to cause significant problems, When an epizootic does occur and chemical treatment is indicated, the appropriate chemical must be selected an properly applied. We have antibiotics, sulfa, nitrofuran and other chemicals for treatment of fish diseases, Some may be mixed with the feed during formulation, added to the pellets of feed as a surface coating, given in the form of an injection or used as a bath. Even though a drug or chemical has been officially approved for use in aquaculture, the substance should never be used unless there is a clear need, Some of the reasions for this view are as follows: (1) the constant use of antibiotics can leak to the development of resistant strains of bacteria, (2) biofilter efficiency may be impaired or destroyed by chemicals added to closed recirculating water systems, and(3) the injudicious use of chemical can have a damaging effect on the environment as well as on human.