• 사상체질의학회지
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.52-63
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• 2005

1. Objectives Due to a lack of detail guidelines for prescriptions to ordinary and pathological symptoms in ${\ulcorner}$DongyiSuseBowon${\lrcorner}$, doctors depend on their own decision when give a prescription. This study aimed to compare ordinary symptoms and pathological symptoms in regards to six prescriptions being applied to Soyangin to utilize them as guidelines in practices. 2. Methods Date were collected from September, 2003 to August, 2004 at the Sasang Constitutional clinic of Pohang Oriental Medicine Hospital. Patients were first asked to fill Out a questionnaire of symptoms that they had at the time of visiting. Data from 273 Soyangin patients whose chief complains got alleviated after taking the prescribed drug were analyzed to examine if there were differences in prescriptions according to ordinary or pathological symptoms complained. 3. Results and Conclusions 1. Hyungbangpaedog-san(Paedog) was given more to the patients having good digestive function than Hyungbangjihwang-tang(Hyungji) and Hyungbangdojeok-san (Dojeok) ; Dojeok was given for bloating symptom compared to Hyungbangsabaek-san(Sabaek). Yangkyuksanhwa-tang(Yangkyuk) and Dojeok were more like for patients with stomachache compared to Paedog. Doghwaljihwang-tang(Dogji) was prescribed to patients complaining frequent voiding compared to Sabaek while Sabaek was given for patients who prefer cold water and feel their body warm compared to other prescriptions. Yangkyuk and Dojeok were prescribed more likely to patients with feeling of suffocation than Sabaek. 2. In symptom comparisons between one prescription and the group of the rest of 5 prescriptions, Paedog was found to be prescribed when patients had good digestive function while Dojeok was given in symptoms cases of indigestion, bloating, constipation and dizziness. Sabaek was applied more for patients having tendency of preferring cold water and feeling of heat body as well as good digestive function. Hyungji was used for patients complaining a symptom of fatigue, in addition Yangkyuk was given to patients who were nervous, sensitive, or impatient when compared to Other prescriptions. Dogji was applied to frequent voiding, insomnia, tingling of extremities, backache or leg pain, or in case of tendency of catching a common cold.

• 한국임상약학회지
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.249-255
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• 2011

Objective: To examine the drug use (prescribing) pattern of serious drug-drug interactions (DDIs, contraindicated drug interactions) using real world data. Prescription patterns were examined in terms of dispensing types. Method: Retrospective drug utilization review (DUR) study was performed. One hundred and six datasets of serious DDIs (DDI pairs) were determined among DDI datasets that Ministry of Health & Welfare announced for the DUR system from 2004 to 2005. Electronically transacted ambulatory patients' prescription database to Health Insurance Assessment and Review Services (HIRA) from July, 2005 to June, 2006 was collected with personal information deidentified and analyzed in terms of types of dispensing as a contributing factor. Results: After prescription data analysis per each patient, total number of DDI cases using 95 DDI pairs was 5,511, which accounted for 2.6 cases per patients. DDI cases between two drugs from each of community pharmacy dispensing- type prescription were considerable (63% vs. 24% in those from each of in-institutional dispensing-type prescription and vs. 13% in those from a community pharmacy dispensing-type prescription and an in-institutional dispensingtype prescription). Conclusions: DDI cases from different prescribers were found to be significant. Thus, the concurrent DUR process between prescriptions from different physicians and institutions should be implemented for the safe drug use.

• 한국임상약학회지
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.30-40
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• 2012

In Korea, elderly population aged 65 and older are about 5.0% and 10.7% in 1990 and 2009, respectively. Since elderly people may experience physiologic changes with aging and their pharmacodynamic and pharmcokinetic parameters also have been undergone changes, several adverse drug reactions can occur more frequently than young people. Especially, neuropsychiatric adverse drug reactions such as delirium and drowsiness endanger elderly patients more. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the outpatient prescriptions using drug causing delirium and drowsiness in elderly patients aged 65 and older. We retrospectively reviewed prescriptions for elderly patients collected from four community pharmacies from January 2nd to February 1st, 2010. One pharmacy was located closed to a general hospital, and others were located closed to a internal medicine or an ENT clinic. The each number of the collected prescriptions was followings; Group A (n=496) from internal medicine department of a general hospital; Group B (n=44) from ENT department of general hospital; Group C (n=144) from internal medicine clinic; Group D (n=110) from ENT clinic. In result, in Group A, the average number of prescribed drugs causing delirium or drowsiness per Rx was 2.38 In Group B, the average number of prescribed drugs causing delirium or drowsiness per Rx was 2.09 In Group C, the average number of prescribed drugs causing delirium or drowsiness per Rx was 2.51. In Group D, the average number of prescribed drugs causing delirium or drowsiness per Rx was 2.72. Especially, in Group D, the percentage of prescription that drugs causing delirium or drowsiness per Rx prescribed more than 3 is 52.73% In all the 4 groups, over the 60% of drugs causing delirium and/or drowsiness per prescription of elderly patients were prescribed. It means elderly patients take 2 drugs causing delirium and/or drowsiness among 3 drugs, which is very serious. Frequently prescribed drugs causing delirium and/or drowsiness were followings; GI agents, antitussives & expectorants, histamine H1 antagonist, analgesics, antibiotics. Among these drugs, GI agents was high raking in all the 4 groups, and pharmacists should caution elderly patients when counseling. In the internal medicine groups (Group A,C), drugs concerning chronic diseases were prescribed frequently. In conclusion, pharmacist's role is important. Pharmacists are well informed of the drugs causing delirium or drowsiness and it is important to explain about ADRs slowly and easily to the elderly patients that receive drugs causing delirium or drowsiness. And institutional device is needed. For example, when doctors prescribe drugs for the elderly patients, message is needed that supply some informations about drugs causing delirium or drowsiness.

• 한국임상약학회지
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.220-229
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• 2016

Background: The treatment goal for patients with chronic hepatitis B infection is to prevent progression of the disease to cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Current therapies include standard and pegylated interferon-alfa and nucleoside/nucleotide analogues: lamivudine, adefovir, entecavir, telbivudine, clevudine, and tenofovir. This study aims to analyze changes in the prescribing patterns of chronic hepatitis B (CHB) medications in South Korea between 2013 and 2014. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted using National Patients Sample data compiled by the Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service from 2013 and 2014. Patients with CHB were identified with Korean Standard Classification of Diseases code-6 (B18.0 and B18.1) and those who were maintaining active prescriptions with CHB medications covering the index date (December $1^{st}$, each year) were included. The utilization of antiviral therapy was investigated during 2013 and 2014. Results: A total of 4,204 and 4,552 patients in 2013 and 2014 respectively, were included in the analysis. The proportion of male patients was two of third and the patients 41-60 years old accounted for 60% of all analyzed patients. The most utilized drug was entecavir (55.1% in 2013 and 44.8% in 2014) and the second most utilized drug was tenofovir in both years (18.8% in 2013 and 29.0% in 2014). The percentage of combination therapy was 13.6% and 13.1% in 2013 and 2014, respectively. The proportion of tenofovir prescriptions was increased in 2014 compared with 2013. Conclusion: With the development of new drugs and the changes in clinical practice guidelines, the prescription pattern of the antiviral agents for patients with CHB has changed. The rate of utilization of tenofovir has increased.

• 대한한의학방제학회지
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.93-104
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• 2004

Recently, more and more natural herbal products are investigated and used popularly. Pharmaceutical companies of Korea are very interested in developing herbal new drugs. And oriental doctors also need popular, modernized form of oriental drugs. The objective of this article is, first, to examine current situations of drug development in Korea, second, to know general concepts of patent and third, to think about new drug development and patent in oriental medicine's point of view. With consideration of oriental medicine's characteristics, concepts of new drug and patent should be improved. Therefore, the oriental pharmaceutical industry and developments of oriental new drugs could be inspired to further efforts.

• 대한한의학방제학회지
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.30-41
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• 2006

Recently. the herbal industry has expanded into the herbal dietary supplements industry, the herbal cosmetics industry, etc. But still the main form of herbal drug usage is water extraction- packaging after herb preparation in private clinics. There was no report or data of investigations about industrial herbal preparations. To search for a better plan of herbal drug improvement and popularization. we surveyed the present state of Korean herbal preparation production. We made an industrial herbal preparation list, investigated the total amount of production, the chief items of manufacture. names of prescriptions each item is based on. scales of each production company, etc., and report on them on this article.

• 한국응급구조학회지
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.89-97
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• 2020

Purpose: In this study we aimed to manufacture and evaluate an oral disintegrating film containing ibuprofen. Methods: Optimal oral ventilation was manufactured using ibuprofen 3g, polyvinyl alcohol #500 4.2g, HPMC K 100M 1.6g, glycerol 4g, TWEEN #20 0.3g, PEG #20 0.3g, citric acid 0.5g, sucralose 0.1g, ethamol 10mL, and distilled water 30mL. Results: Film mass ranged from 110 to 130mg in all prescriptions, showing general uniformity while the water content ranged from 6 to 12%. Measurement of ibuprofen content in all manufactured film solutions averaged 100.12% (98.0-102.0%). The elution test predicted the time taken from the body and the film agent of all prescriptions was released 100% within 5 minutes to confirm the rapid elution. Conclusion: Based on the results of all test, prescription E was proved to be the most suitable.

• 약학회지
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.1-12
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• 1972

One of the characteristics features of Chinese Medicine is recognized as the practical use of combinations of crude drugs in the forms of various prescriptions according to the symptoms of illness. Such crude drugs are mostly dried plant roots, rhizomes, leaves, fruits and seeds, sometimes dried animla organ preparations even fossils or minerals. In the oldest book of Chinese Medicine, Sang Han Ron, 113 prescriptions were described in which about 80 crude drugs were included, and in other old literature, Shin Nong Bon Tcho Keun, 363 crude drugs were recorded. Such drugs, in particular, those included in Sang Han Ron are generally low toxic, and the prescriptions are acting mild with less side effects, but obviously not so easy task to determine the effect of the indivisual drug from the total effects of various prescriptions which are generally consisted of many kinds of crude drugs. About 200 years ago, in the middle of Edo era, a Japanese medical doctor, Yoshimasu Todo wrote a series of books named "Yakucho", in which he described the essential various prescriptions in which the certain drugs plays the main role. This book is very suggestive to evaluate the effects of some Chinese drugs. The actual effects of Chinese medicine and drugs have widely been recognized by the East Asian peoples during their long age experiences, but still it has not been studied sufficiently by modern scientific methods to give generally acceptable evidences. During past some years, my collaborators and I have been engaged to study some well-known Chinese drugs chemically to find out the active principles in determining their chemical structures under the collaboration of pharmacologists, Prof. K. Takagi and his coworkers. In the present lecture, I would like to present two topics from our recent investigations: The studies on the principles of Paeony and Ginseng roots.

• 대한한의학방제학회지
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.11-29
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• 2006

This report describes 71 studies related to the use of Radix Saposhnikoviae main blended prescription from Donguibogam. The following conclusion were reached through investigations on the prescriptions that use Radix Saposhnikoviae as a main ingredient. Prescriptions that Radix Saposhnikoviae was taken as a monarch drug are utilized for 20 therapeutic purposes, for example, eye disease, wind disease, head disease and Sang Han syndromes. In particular, 28.1% of prescriptions appear in the chapter of eye, and 25.3% of those appear in the chapter of head. Prescriptions that utilize Radix Saposhnikoviae as the main ingredient are used in the treatment of eye disease. paralysis and tetanus. Radix Saposhnikoviae is used in pathogenic factors such as wind. wind with cold. and used in pathology related to liver system. The dosage of Radix Saposhnikoviae in prescriptions is 7 li(about 0.26 gram) to 2.5 jeon(about 9.38 gram), however 1 jeon(about 3.75 gram) has been taken the most for clinical application. Bangpungtang is the most useful base prescription which use the Radix Saposhnikoviae as the main ingredient.

• 대한한의학방제학회지
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.129-145
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• 2018

Objectives : This report describes 70prescriptions related to the use of Radix Aconiti Lateralis Preparata mainly blended from Dongeuibogam. Methods : The following conclusions were drawn through investigations on the pre-scriptions that use Radix Aconiti Lateralis Preparata as a key component. Results : Prescriptions that Radix Aconiti Lateralis Preparata was taken as a monarch drug are utilized for 31 therapeutic purposes, for example, cold disease, stool disease, child disease. In particular, 17.3% of prescriptions appear in the chapter of cold. Prescriptions that utilize Radix Aconiti Lateralis Preparata as the main component are used in the treatment of cold, diarrhea and child disease, Bi syndrome due to pathogenic wind, cold and damp and they are also used for treating 55 different types of disease. Radix Aconiti Lateralis Preparata is used in pathogenic factors such as wind, cold and dampness and used in pathology related to the kidney and spleen and stomach system. The dosage of Radix Aconiti Lateralis Preparata is 2pun(about 0.75g) to 5don(about 18.8g), however 1don(about 3.75g)~1don 5pun(about 5.63g) has been taken the most for clinical application. Conclusions : Gangbutang and Ijungtang are the most useful base prescriptions which use the Radix Aconiti Lateralis Preparata as the main ingredient.