• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제59권4호
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• pp.380-388
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• 2005

배 경 : 증가하는 사회적, 가정 문제들로 인하여 약물 중독은 해마다 늘고 있는 추세이나 최근 이에 대한 보고들이 적었고 특히 약물중독의 합병증 중 흔히 경험하게 되는 폐렴과 연관되어서는 잘 알려진 바가 없다. 이에 본 연구자들은 급성약물 중독 환자에서 발생한 폐렴의 임상양상과 그에 연관된 위험인자 및 예후인 자에 대해 조사하였다. 방 법 : 2000년 5월부터 2004년 5월까지 건양대학교 병원 응급실로 내원한 급성 약물 중독환자 237명을 대상으로 환자군의 연령, 성별, 약물 복용목적과 종류, 경과 및 중환자실 치료 여부, 특히 폐렴과 관련된 인자들을 의무기록을 통하여 후향적으로 조사, 분석하였다. 결 과 : 급성 약물중독환자에서 발생한 폐렴은 18.6%였으며 고령에서 많이 발생하였고 (45%) 유기인제에 의한 중독이 가장 많았으며 (28.3%) 성별간의 유의한 차이는 없었다. 자살 목적의 음독이 68.8% 에 해당하였으며 폐렴 발생의 독립적인 위험인자는 65세 이상의 고령 (${\beta}=0.128$,p<0.05)과 초기 저하된 의식상태 (${\beta}=-0.209$, p=0.006) 그리고 긴 재원기간 (${\beta}=0.361$, p<0.001) 이었다. 폐렴의 예후와 관련하여서는 기도 삽관 (${\beta}=-0.628$, p<0.05)과 중환자실 입원기간 (${\beta}=0.710$, p<0.01) 및 전체 재원 일수가 많을수록 (${\beta}=-0.541$ p=0.010) 불량한 예후를 보였다. 균 배양 검사 결과 MRSA (37%) 가 가장 흔한 균으로 동정되었다. 결 론 : 급성 약물 중독 환자에서 폐렴 발생과 연관된 독립적인 위험인자로는 65세 이상의 고령과 초기 저하된 의식상태 및 긴 재원일수 이며 예후인자로는 기도 삽관 여부와 중환자실 및 총 재원 일수이다.

• 대한임상독성학회지
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.111-117
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• 2012

Purpose: In Korea, few studies have examined the acute toxicity of anti-obesity drugs. The purpose of this study is to analyze the general characteristics and clinical aspect of acute anti-obesity drug intoxication. Methods: We retrospectively investigated patients admitted to the emergency department after anti-obesity drug intoxication between March, 2004 and February, 2012. The medical records of these patients were reviewed for demographic data, toxicologic history, time elapsed to presentation, clinical symptoms and signs, treatment, and outcome. Results: There were a total of 18 anti-obesity intoxication cases during the study period; of 16 which were included in our study. The purchasing route of the anti-obesity drug was mainly through a doctor's prescription (68.8%), however, some were obtained through the internet and the pharmacies. The mean time to The most commonly ingested antiobesity drug was sibutramine (31.3%) and many of the cases (62.5%) were multi-drug ingestions. The most common clinical manifestations were gastrointestinal symptoms (94%), but, CNS symptoms (75%) and cardiovascular symptoms (75%) were almost equally present. 13 patients (81%) were discharged after clearance of toxic symptoms and signs with a mean observational period of 7.0 hours. 3 patients were admitted for observation and treatment; of which 1 patient died due to fatal complications. Conclusion: Most anti-obesity intoxications show mild toxicity and a nonfatal clinical course. However, the recent trend toward prescribing psychostimulant anti-obesity medication, which can be fatal after an acute overdose, calls physicians' attention to treating of anti-obesity intoxications.

• 대한임상독성학회지
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.26-29
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• 2011

Purpose: The role of a point of care test (POCT) is currently becoming important when treating patients and making decisions in the emergency department. It also plays a role for managing patients presenting with drug intoxication. But the availability of the test has not yet been studied in Korea. Therefore, we investigated the utility and the availability of POCT for drug screening used in the emergency department. Methods: This was a retrospective study for those patients with drug intoxication between January 2007 and December 2010 in an urban emergency department. Results: Between the study period, 543 patients were examined with a Triage$^{(R)}$-TOX Drug Screen. Among those, 248 (45.7%) patients showed negative results and 295 (54.3%) patients showed positive results. The sensitivity of the test for benzodiazepine, acetaminophen and tricyclic antidepressants were 85.9%, 100%, 79.2%, respectively. Conclusion: POCT of drug screening in emergency department showed good accuracy especially in patient with benzodiazepine, acetaminophen and tricyclic antidepressant intoxication. Therefore, it can be useful diagnostic tool for the management of intoxicated patients.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제50권2호
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• pp.138-142
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• 2007

목 적: 본 연구는 1990년대와 2000년대의 급성 약물 중독과 이물질 섭취로 내원한 환자의 변화를 보기 위하여 실시하였다. 방 법: 1991년 1월 1일부터 1994년 12월 31일까지와 2001년 1월 1일부터 2004년 12월 31일까지 원주기독병원 소아과에 급성 약물 중독으로 입원한 환아와 이물질 섭취로 입원한 환아를 대상으로 하였다. 이들의 의무기록을 기초로 하여 후향적 조사를 하였으며, 10년간의 시간의 차이에 따라 약물과 이물질의 종류, 연령별 빈도, 성별 빈도, 재원일수 등을 비교 분석하였다. 결 과: 급성 약물 중독은 1990년대에는 43례, 2000년대 35례였고, 이물질 섭취 환아는 1990년대 47례, 2000년대 22례 였다. 이물질 섭취의 종류로는 1990년대의 경우, 동전(46.8%), 기타(31.9%), 바둑알(14.9%), 플라스틱 장난감(6.4%) 순이었으며, 2000년대의 경우, 기타(58.2%), 수은건전지(23.8%), 못(9%), 핀(9%) 순이었다. 중독 유발 약물의 종류로는 1990년대의 경우, 의약품(37.2%), 기타(23.2%), 농약(13.9%), 일산화탄소(11.6%), 살서제(9.3%), 살충제(9.3%) 순이였고, 2000년대의 경우, 기타(34.3%), 의약품(31.4%), 농약(20%), 세척제(11.4%), 살충제(2.9%), 일산화탄소(2.9%) 순이었다. 연령별 분포는 이물질 섭취의 경우, 1990년대에 가장 많은 빈도를 차지하는 연령대는 1-3세로 46.8%였고, 2000년대 역시 1-3세에서 40.9%로 가장 많은 빈도를 차지하였다. 약물 중독의 경우, 1990년대에 가장 많은 빈도를 차지하는 연령대는 1-3세로 55.8%였으며, 2000년대 역시 1-3세(54.3%)이었다. 사망이나 심각한 후유장애를 남긴 경우는 이물질 섭취의 경우, 1990년대 콩의 섭취중 기관지로의 흡입에 의한 사망 1례, 2000년대 옥수수알 흡입에 의한 사망 1례가 있었고, 약물중독의 경우, 1990년대 농약(paraquat계)중독에 의한 사망 1례와 일산화탄소 중독에 의한 저산소성뇌증과 편측사지마비를 보인 경우가 1례 있었고, 2000년대 농약(paraquat계)중독에 의한 사망 1례 있었다. 결 론: 급성약물중독과 이물질섭취 모두 1-3세가 대부분을 차지하여 이 연령대의 소아에게 특히 주의 깊은 관찰이 필요할 것으로 생각된다. 또한 섭취된 약물과 이물질의 종류도 시간이 지나면서 다양해지고 있어 이에 대한 부모교육이 필요할 것으로 생각된다.

• 대한간호
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• 제3권6호통권14호
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• pp.79-83
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• 1964

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.750-757
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• 2010

본 연구는 응급의료센터에 내원한 음독환자의 발생현황 및 중독학적 특성이 거주 지역 및 연령에 따라 차이가 있는지 알아보기 위하여 5개 병원 응급의료센터의 의무기록을 2007년 1월 1일부터 2007년 12월 31일까지 조사하였다. 총 624명 내원 환자 중에서 65세 이상 노인음독환자를 도시지역과 농촌지역으로 나누어 비교한 결과, 중독 원인물질이 농약인 경우가 농촌지역 노인군에서 도시지역 노인군보다 높았으며, 성별 분포, 동거가족 유무, 질병력, 자살기왕력, 내원시 의식 상태, 내원시 음주 상태 등에는 두 군 간에 차이가 없었다. 결론적으로 농약 중독은 사망에 가장 큰 영향을 주는 변수로 농약의 판매와 관리에 대한 새로운 지침 마련이 절실히 요구된다. 또한 지역과 연령 특성을 고려한 자살방지 프로그램의 활성화와 중독예방 교육을 실시하여야 할 것이다.

• 한국보건간호학회지
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.106-117
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• 1996

This study aims to provide information about the acute poisoning patients transferred by 119 ambulance service for nurses and emergency medical technicians. The data is based on 119 ambulance services patients charts of Seocho area in Seoul. The results were as follows: 1. Total number of emergency patients all over the country has been nearly fourtimes in 1995 compared to 1991. Total number of emergency patients were 322.051 in 1994. 2. About $35\%$ of total E.R. patients were transferred by 119 ambulance services in Seoul in the last 5years. Acute drug intoxication patients occupied $2-3\%$ of E.R. patients in Seoul. 3. About $4\%$ of E.R. patients in Seoul were transferred by 119 E.R. services of Seocho area in Seoul in 1995. Among them $2.4\%$ patients were drug intoxication patients. 4. Data were collected from available patients of 119 ambulance services from Jan. 1993 to Dec. 1995 in Seocho area. Total poisoning patients were 184. - The female/male ratio was 69.7:30.4 and most of patients$(69.7\%)$ were in the age of 20th and 30th. - The busy time of calling 119 ambulance service was from 6P.M. to midnight$(37.5\%)$ - It took within 10 minutes for patients$(62.8\%)$ from notification to arrival in hospital. - Regarding poisoning substances. hypnotics $(22.8\%)$, tranquilizer$(14.7\%)$, agricultural agents$(6.0\%)$ rodenticide$(27\%)$ and others $(10.3\%)$ were in order and unknown were $43.5\%$. - Most of the patients or protector $(72.8\%)$ chose hospitals. Among them $(87.3\%)$ were general hospital. - The most predominant symptoms were coma$(22.3\%)$. dizziness$(6.5\%)$ and then allergy. vomiting. gastrointestinal cramps etc. - Airway management and oxygen administration together was the main medical control of prehospital emergency medical services$(33.7\%)$. It is proposed that first, a systematic survey of drug intoxication patients must be conducted to give an appropriate prehospital emergency care for the emergency medical technician and second, a wide and regular public education to improve understanding of first aids should be undertaken.

• 대한임상독성학회지
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.11-18
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• 2015

Purpose: The aim of this study was to compare the clinical characteristics in emergency endotracheal intubation between patients with acute drug intoxication and medical disease. Methods: Data for airway registry collected in two emergency departments (ED) between April 2006 and March 2010 were reviewed retrospectively. The airway registry data included patient's demographic information and variables such as Cormack-Lehane grade, 3-3-2 finger analysis, success rate, the number of attempts at intubation, complications of intubation, and clinical outcomes after intubation. Results: A total of 1480 patients were enrolled; 62 patients were classified as belonging to the intubation group after the drug intoxication group. No significant differences in Cormack-Lehane grade, 3-3-2 finger analysis, success rate, the number of attempts at intubation, and complications after intubation were observed between patients with acute drug intoxication and medical disease. However, significant difference was observed for indication of emergency endotracheal intubation. While emergency endotracheal intubations were usually performed in medical patients because of failure of airway patency, they were performed in intoxicated patients with the goal of preventing serious complications. Conclusion: Anatomical structures related to endotracheal intubation, the process and clinical outcome of intoxicated patients are not significantly different from those for medical patients.

• 농촌의학ㆍ지역보건
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.109-116
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• 1984

The epidemiological information on 156 cases of acute drug intoxication treated at emergency room of Sin An Dai-Woo Hospital in Bi-Gum island during the year of 1981-1982 were reviewed and analyzed. And the findings obtained was as follows : 1) Annual incidence rate of acute drug intoxication was 3.3 per 1,000 in habitants (male 3.5, female 3.1). 2) In both sexes the highest incidence was obsesved in the age group of 20~49 years with 7.6 in male and 6.2 in female per 1,000 inhabitants. 3) In both sexes the highest ease distribution was observed during summer season of July and August (male 33.2%, female 26.4%). 4) Eating pesticides was the most frequently used for suicide purpose in both sexes (male 89. 3%, female 82.2%). 5) In terms of foundation for conclusion to eating poison, "by guardion's explanation" was the highest rate in both groups of eating pesticides (97.8%) and eating rodentcides(77.8%). 6) The case fatality rate due to eating poison was 4.5% (male 5.9%, female 2.8%). 7) In haspitalization days, the most cases was observed at less than 3 days (male 73.8%, female 79.2%).

• 대한임상독성학회지
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.7-15
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• 2010

Purpose: There are an insignificant number of studies done on the demographics of intoxication patients and on the characteristics of toxic exposure on a long term basis in Korea. The objective of our survey is to investigate the epidemiologic characteristics of intoxication in a metropolitan emergency department in order to more efficiently manage intoxication patients. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of intoxication patients who visited the emergency department of a high end medical facility between January, 1998 and June, 2009. We investigated the trend of the substances people became intoxicated with during the study period and we analyzed the age, gender, year and distribution of patients and the outcome of the patients. Results: There were 1544 cases of intoxication during the study period, and the cases made up 0.37% of the total visitors to our emergency department, which is a high end medical facility located in the city. Most of the patients were female (70%) in their twenties and thirties. The most commonly ingested intoxication substances were sedatives, analgesics and pesticides. Unlike in the province, antidepressant abuse is on the rise while pesticide abuse is falling. The overall admission rate was 24.8% and the mortality rate was 1.6%. Pesticides intoxication was the most common cause of death (76%). Pesticides intoxication, a male gender and old age were the most significant fatality-related factors. Conclusion: We think that there is a need to investigate the actual conditions of drug intoxication in the city and prepare measures to prevent drug intoxication.