• Title/Summary/Keyword: Drought stage

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Alleviating Effect of Salicylic Acid Pre-treatment on Soil Moisture Stress of Waxy Corn

  • Seo, Youngho;Ryu, Sihwan;Park, Jongyeol;Choi, Jaekeun;Park, Kijin;Kim, Kyunghi
    • Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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    • v.48 no.3
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    • pp.213-217
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    • 2015
  • Soil moisture shortage can reduce yield of waxy corn because maize is one of the sensitive crops to the drought stress. Farmers cannot irrigate due to limited water resource and irrigating facilities although applying water is the most effective practice to solve the drought problem. The study was conducted to investigate the pre-treatment effect of salicylic acid on reducing drought damage of waxy corn (Zea mays L.). Salicylic acid at concentration of 0.2 mM was applied at seven-leaf stage or ten-leaf stage three times. Drought stress was imposed by withholding irrigation from 11 days before anthesis to 10 days after anthesis. Application of salicylic acid significantly increased ear length by 11.0~12.3% and yield by 8.8~11.3% compared with non-treated control, indicating that the drought injuries of waxy corn can be alleviated through pre-treatment of salicylic acid at the vegetative stage.

농업가뭄의 평가를 위한 가뭄지수의 적용성 분석

  • Park, Gi-Uk;Kim, Jin-Taek;Ju, Uk-Jong;Lee, Yong-Jik
    • KCID journal
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    • v.13 no.1
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    • pp.72-81
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    • 2006
  • The objictive of this study is to analyze regional drought using agricultural drought indicator. Toforecast and evaluate the drought, the drought indices for agriculture were applied. In the present drought preparedness plans of Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry (MAF), it is prescribed that the preparedness levels should be classified by considering the precipitation, reservoir storage, soil moisture in paddy and upland, and the growing status of crops. There are many drought index to analyze and evaluate the drought. However, these indices do not exactly explain all drought events. Thus, we select 4 drought indices to evaluate agricultural drought:reservoir storage index, 3-month delayed SPI, mean rainfall index, and dry day index. Using these ineices, six drought stages are classified. The results show that agricultural drought could be apprppriately analyzed and evaluated by agricultural drought stage and four drought indices.

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An Application of Various Drought Indices for Major Drought Analysis in Korea (우리나라의 주요가뭄해석을 위한 각종 가뭄지수의 적용)

  • Lee, Jae-Joon;Lee, Chang-Hoon
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Hazard Mitigation
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    • v.5 no.4 s.19
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    • pp.59-69
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    • 2005
  • Drought is difficult to detect and monitor, but it is easy to interpret through the drought index. The Palmer Drought Severity Index(PDSI), which is most commonly used as one of drought indices, have been widely used, however, the index have limitation as operational tools and triggers for policy responses. Recently, a new index, the Standardized Precipitation Index(SPI), was developed to improve drought detection and monitoring capabilities. The SPI has an improvement over previous indices md has several characteristics including its simplicity and temporal flexibility that allow its application for water resources on all timescales. Keetch-Byram Dought Index(KBDI) was defined as a number representing the net effect of evapotranspiration and precipitation in producing cumulative moisture deficiency in deep duff or upper soil layer. The purpose of this study is to analyze drought in Korea by using PDSI, SPI and KBDI. The result of this study suggests standard drought index by comparing of estimated drought indices. The data are obtained from Korea Meteorological Administration 56 stations over 30 years in each of the 8 sub-basins covering the whole nation. It is found that the PDSI had the advantage to detect the stage of drought resulting from cumulative shortage of rainfall, while SPI and KBDI had the advantage to detect the stage of drought resulting from short-term shortage of rainfall.

Screening methods for drought and salinity tolerance with transgenic rice seedlings

  • Song, Jae-Young;Song, Seon-Kyeong;Yu, Dal-A;Kim, Me-Sun;Kang, Kwon Kyoo;Cho, Yong-Gu
    • Proceedings of the Korean Society of Crop Science Conference
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    • 2017.06a
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    • pp.165-165
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    • 2017
  • Abiotic stress is one of the major serious limiting factors in rice (Oryza sativa) and caused rice production losses. It is important to precisely screen valuable genetic resources for improving stress tolerance and understanding tolerance mechanism to abiotic stresses. Because there are differences of experiment designs for screening of tolerant plant in several studies related to abiotic stress, this study has performed to provide the rapid and efficiency screening method for selection of tolerance rice to drought and salinity stresses. Two week-old rice seedlings that reached about three leaf stage were treated with drought and salinity stresses and examined tolerant levels with tolerant and susceptible control varieties, and transgenic plants. To determine the optimum concentration for the selection of drought and salinity condition, tolerant, susceptible and wild-type plants were grown under three soil moisture contents (5, 10 and 20% water contents) and three NaCl concentrations (100, 200 and 250 mM) for 10 days at seedling stage. 200 mM NaCl concentration and 5% moisture content soil were determined as the optimum conditions, respectively. The described methodologies in this study are simple and efficiency and might help the selection of drought and salinity tolerance plants at the 3,4-leaf-seedling stage.

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Analysis on the Spatio-Temporal Distribution of Drought using Potential Drought Hazard Map (가뭄우심도를 활용한 가뭄의 시공간적 분포특성분석)

  • Lee, Joo Heon;Cho, Kyeong Joon;Kim, Chang Joo;Park, Min Jae
    • Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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    • v.45 no.10
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    • pp.983-995
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    • 2012
  • In this study, it was intended to analyze the spatio-temporal distribution of historical drought events occurred in Korea by way of drought frequency analysis using SPI (Standardized Precipitation Index), and Drought spell was executed to estimate drought frequency as per drought severity and regions. Also, SDF (severity-duration-frequency) curves were prepared per each weather stations to estimate spatial distribution characteristics for the severe drought areas of Korea, and Potential Drought Hazard Map was prepared based on the derived SDF curves. Drought frequency analysis per drought stage revealed that severe drought as well as extreme drought frequency were prominently high at Geum River, Nakdong River, and Seomjin River basin as can be seen from SDF curves, and drought severity was found as severer per each drought return period in the data located at Geum River, Nakdong River, and Seomjin River basins as compared with that of Seoul weather station at Han River basin. In the Potential Drought Hazard Map, it showed that Geum River, Seomjin River, and Yeongsan River basins were drought vulnerable areas as compared to upper streams of Nakdong River basin and Han River basin, and showed similar result in drought frequency per drought stage. Drought was occurred frequently during spring seasons with tendency of frequent short drought spell as indicated in Potential Drought Hazard Map of different season.

Research on the Effect of the Control Methods of Irrigation Water on the Growth and Yield of Paddy Rice. (한발기에 있어서 용수관리 방법이 수도생육과 그 수량에 미치는 영향에 관한 연구)

  • 김시원
    • Magazine of the Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
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    • v.13 no.1
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    • pp.2177-2190
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    • 1971
  • This experiment was made to determienthe effect of various soil moisture contents in simulated drought conditions on different stages of rice growth. The drought conditions were developed at such three rice-growing stages as transplanting, immediately after transplanting and young ear forming. Three different lengths of drought periods, which are ten days, twenty days and thirty days, were applied for each growing stage of rice. The rice variety used this experiment is Nong-rim 29. This experiment was conducted at the university farm of the Kon-Kuk University during the period of $1968{\sim}1970$. Three reprications for each of 12 treatments and split plot design were employed in this study. Bottomless wood square boxes, $1^m{\times}1^m{\times}1^m$, were burried in the test plot and box top was covered with poloyethylene sheets to avoid natural rainfall drops. Standard plots were irrigated continuously with a water depth of 40mm/day and those of drought treatments were irrigated continuously up to the beginning of the planned drought period, and they were irrigated again with a depth of 40mm/day up to the maturing stage of rice. Other methods for rice raising followed those methods developed by the Field Crops Experiment Station of the Office of Rural Development. During this experiments, climatic conditions in regard to rainfalls, sunshine hours, and temperatures were observed. According to this observation, those values measured deviate slightly from the annual means. However the growing condition of rice plants were normal. The pH value of irritation water is nearly neutral, and soils in the test plots are relatively fertile, being similar to ordinary paddy soils. Analysis of variances for number of stalks, plan-height, ear sprouting date, length of stalks, ear length, number of ears per plant, fertility, grain weitght, weight of plant, and yield were carried out. The variances for plant height, ear sprouting date, length of stalk ear length, and yield has statistical significance under drought treatments applied at three different growing stages. The variance showing the effect of lengths of drought period is highly significant for all the treatments studied except that of grain weight. The interaction between drought periods and drought treatments at different growing stages is significant for plant height, stalk length, ear length, number of ears, fertility and yield, these results indicated that droughts at different growing stages have influence on plant height, ear length, yield, and length of drought period also has strong influence on all factors studied except grain weight. The combination of drought treatments at different rice growing stages and lengths of drought periods has different effects on various agronomic characteristics, including yield. Plant height under drought treatment practiced at transplanting stage is the lowest, and drought treatment applied immediately after transplanting resulted in the least number of stalks. The effect of different lengths of drought periods on plant height and number of stalks depends signis ficantly on increasing days of drought. Ear sprouting date tends to be delayed for one or two days undedrought treatments at transplanting period and with increasing days of drought. Better yield is secured in drought treatment applied immediately after transplanting. Adverse effect war observed when drought treatment was applied at ear forming period. These effects may be attributed to the alternation of irrigation and drought causing vigorous root activity. In general, yield linearly decreases as the length of the drought period increases. The results obtained in this study demonstrate that, in order to mimimize damage due to drought, and, to save irrigation water, paddy fields, immediately after transplanting, may be not irrigated, since there is sufficient moisture in the soil, and that sufficient irrigation water should be applied again in the ear forming stage of rice plant.

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Relationship between Drought-Tolerance and Physiological Parameters in Korean Barley Genotypes (보리 품종의 한발저항성과 생리적 지표와의 상관)

  • 이변우;부금동;백남천;김정곤
    • KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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    • v.48 no.6
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    • pp.516-526
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    • 2003
  • Thirty-six barley varieties including Korean modern and local varieties were tested for drought-tolerance in the field of plastic rain shelter, Drought treatment was initiated at initial tillering stage (March 27, 2002) by withholding irrigation and lasted until harvest. Soil water potential maintained at around -0.05㎫ in the control plot and varied from -0.05㎫ (at the initial stage of drought treatment) to -0.29㎫ in the drought treatment plot. At forty days after drought treatment, relative water content (RWC), osmotic potential (OP), osmotic adjustment (OA), and $^{13}\textrm{C}$ discrimination ($\Delta$) were measured and then plants were sampled for leaf area index (LAI) and dry weight (DW). Barley was harvested at maturity for determining DW, grain yield, 1000 grains weight and number of spikelet. The tested varieties revealed wide spectrum of drought tolerance. Dongbori-1, Chalbori, Changyeongjaerae, Samdobori and Weolseong 87-31 showed strong drought-tolerance while Songhagbori and Suwonmaeg360 showed weak drought-tolerance. The drought injury indexes (drought/control ratio) of DW and yield revealed significant positive correlation with leaf RWC in drought treatment plot and $\Delta$ in the control plot, but obvious negative correlation with leaf OP and OA under drought condition. In addition, all the drought indexes of OP, $\Delta$ and RWC showed obvious positive correlation with the drought injury indexes of DW, 1000 grain weight and yield. Thus, OP and RWC under drought condition and $\Delta$ under well-watered condition would be used as the evaluation criteria for drought- tolerance of barley genotypes. However, further investigation is needed for the relationship between $\Delta$ and drought-tolerance as the other reports were not consistent with our result.

Influence of Drought Stress on Chemical Composition of Sesame Seed

  • Kim, Kwan-Su;Ryu, Su-Noh;Chung, Hae-Gon
    • KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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    • v.51 no.1
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    • pp.73-80
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    • 2006
  • Sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) seeds contain abundant oil and antioxidative lignans related to the seed quality. To evaluate the potential effects of drought stress on the chemical composition of sesame seeds, eighteen cultivars were imposed water-deficit condition by withholding irrigation during 15 days at podding and maturing stage, compared with well-watered plants as control in seed yield and chemical composition. Drought treatments showed great decrease of seed yield with not affecting seed weight. The contents of sesamin and sesamolin decreased while lignan glycosides inversely increased in response to drought stress. Oil content was not significantly changed by drought treatment in spite of its slight decrease. In case of fatty acid composition, there were significant differences in increase of oleic acid while inverse decrease of linoleic acid under drought stress condition. These results demonstrate that the chemical composition of sesame seed may be modified with drought stress. In particular, the increase of sesaminol glucosides with strong antioxidative activity was observed.

Development of Drought Monitoring System: II. Quantitative Drought Monitoring and Drought Outlook Methodology (가뭄모니터링 시스템 구축: II. 정량적 가뭄 모니터링 및 가뭄전망기법 개발)

  • Lee Joo-Heon;Jeong Sang-Man;Kim Jea-Han;Ko Yang-Soo
    • Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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    • v.39 no.9 s.170
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    • pp.801-812
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    • 2006
  • In this study, Combined Drought Index which can monitor the drought severity and intensity has been developed using PDSI, SPI and MSWSI. To verify the accuracy and applicability of combined drought index, Drought map of Korea using the combined drought index has compared with past drought event. Drought map using the combined drought index shows good accordance with past drought event and accurate quantitative drought monitoring results. Also the drought outlook technique has been developed using the weather forecast data of Korea Meteorological Administration (KMA). Drought outlook technique of this study can be used effectively as a primitive stage tool for real time drought forecast. As a result of this study, Integrated drought monitoring system has been developed which has capabilities of producing and generating the drought monitoring map and drought outlook map as well as various kinds of drought related information.

Cloning, Characterization, and Functional Analysis of Maize DEHYDRIN2

  • Paek, Nam-Chon;Jung, Hun-Ki
    • KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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    • v.47 no.2
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    • pp.116-122
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    • 2002
  • Dehydrins (LEA Dll proteins) are one of the typical families of plant proteins that accumulate in response to dehydration, cold stress, abscisic acid, or during seed maturation. A 1.3-kb cDNA was cloned from a cDNA expression library of 5-day-old germinating maize scutellums under drought stress. The deduced protein sequence indicated a dehydrin gene encoding SK$_3$ LEA protein typically expressed during cold acclimation, but not by drought stress in barley and wheat. Thus, it was named maize DEHYDRIN2 (ZmDhn2). It accumulates rapidly and highly in drought-stressed scutellum and leaf tissues at any stage, but not under cold stress. ZmDhn2 gene was transformed into Arabidopsis thaliana for functional analysis under drought condition. From electrolyte leakage test, no significant difference showed between wild type and transformants under normal growth condition, but the leakage level of electrolyte in wild type plants was about 3 times as high as that in the transformed plants under drought stress. It suggests that ZmDHN2 playa role in increasing drought tolerance.