• 한국통신학회논문지
• /
• 제29권7B호
• /
• pp.711-721
• /
• 2004

To provide the end-to-end service differentiation for assured services, the random early demotion and promotion (REDP) marker in the edge router at each domain boundary monitors the aggregate flow of the incoming in-profile packets and demotes in-profile packets or promotes the previously demoted in-profile packets at the aggregate flow level according to the negotiated interdomain service level agreement (SLA). The REDP marker achieves UDP fairness in demoting and promoting packets through random and early marking decisions on packets. But, TCP fairness of the REDP marker is not obvious as fur UDP sources. In this paper, to improve TCP fairness of the REDP marker, we combine a dropper with the REDP marker. To make packet transmission rates of TCP flows more fair, at the aggregate flow level the combined dropper drops incoming excessive in-profile packets randomly with a constant probability when the token level in the leaky bucket stays In demotion region without incoming demoted in-profile packets. It performs a dropping in the demotion at a domain boundary only if there is no prior demotion. The concatenate dropping at multiple domains is avoided to manifest the effect of a dropping at a domain boundary on TCP fairness. We experiment with the REDP marker with the combined dropper using ns2 simulator for TCP sources. The simulation results show that the REDP marker with the combined dropper improves TCP fairness in demoting and promoting packets by generating fair demoted in-profile traffic compared to the REDP marker. The effectiveness of the selected drop probability is also investigated with showing its impact on the performance of the REDP marker with the combined dropper.

• 박물관보존과학
• /
• 제25권
• /
• pp.1-8
• /
• 2021

국립중앙박물관 소장품 청화백자투각연당초팔괘문연적(수정147)을 대상으로 CT 조사를 실시하고 복제품을 제작하여 구조와 제작방법에 대해 살펴보았다. CT 조사를 실시한 결과, 접합선이나 기공이 없는 것으로 보아 하부 동체부 틀을 사용하여 한 번에 찍어 빼낸 후 상부 틀로 찍어 뽑아낸 상부 뚜껑을 서로 접합하였음을 알게 되었다. 특히 하부 동체부의 내기 상면과 연접한 뚜껑 하단면이 서로 접합이 잘 되도록 내면 가운데를 대나무 칼로 거칠게 돌려 깎아 접합면이 누수 되지 않도록 처리하였다. 처음 제작할 당시 물을 담는 연적의 내기(內器)는 도량형 규격에 맞고 틀을 뽑아내기에도 용이한 원통형(圓筒形)으로 만들었을 것으로 짐작되나 상부면과 동체부를 붙이는 과정에서 형태가 사다리꼴로 변형되었을 것으로 여겨진다. 또한 실리콘 복제를 이용하여 원통형 내기로 다시 제작한 후 내기의 용량을 비교 측정한 결과, 3D프린팅을 이용해 복제한 유물 내기의 용량이 152.5㎖인데 반해 원통형 내기의 용량은 대략 168.6㎖로 조선시대 도량형 기준인 '량(量)'의 단위로 3홉(약 174㎖)과 유사하다는 것을 확인 할 수 있었다. 원통형 내기의 용량이 조선 후기 도량형 기준과 부합하므로 실제 도공이 팔괘문연적을 제작할 당시 원통형내기를 가진 연적으로 제작하였을 것으로 생각된다.

• 한국소음진동공학회논문집
• /
• 제17권5호
• /
• pp.427-436
• /
• 2007

The catenary of a high-speed electrical train is modeled by the finite elements with the upper suspension wire, lower contact wire, and droppers, and the dynamic contact between the catenary and the pantograph is numerically analyzed by solving the whole equations of motion of the pantograph and the catenary system subjected to the contact condition. For the stability of the numerical solution, with the cubic spline interpolation of the catenary displacement, the velocity and acceleration constraints as well as the displacement constraint are imposed on the contact point. Through the various numerical examples, it is shown that the dropper positions as well as the static deflection are crucial to determine the contact and separation of the pantograph of a high-speed train.

• 한국철도학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국철도학회 1998년도 창립기념 춘계학술대회 논문집
• /
• pp.525-532
• /
• 1998

In this study, dynamic characteristics of catenary that supplies electrical power to high-speed trains is investigated. A particular emphasis is placed on the effect of droppers on the dynamic response of the contact wire, a dropper is an element that connects the contact wire with the messenger wire so as to maintain near uniform compliance, Finite element model compressing 3 spans is constructed. For the linear model, droppers are modeled as linear springs with various stiffness values. Modal analysis is performed to obtain the natural frequencies and modes and the variation in the modal density distribution for changing stiffness values are noted. Impulse response is also obtained through computer simulation. In practice, dropper is a nonlinear element with low stiffness in compression and high stiffness in tension. Hence, dropper can be modeled as a nonlinear spring with hi-directional stiffness values. Impulse and harmonic responses are obtained for the nonlinear model through simulation. The responses aye also compared with the linear cases.

• 한국철도학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국철도학회 2002년도 추계학술대회 논문집(I)
• /
• pp.547-552
• /
• 2002

The research sees the catenary dropper clamp using a test equipment which is using actual sample in the field. This test helps the quality improvement of material. For raising the reliability of data, classified it by type and tests especially in the multiple sample but it was under testing in the sample of decimal at circumstance. From the accuracy side of research data it was insufficient because the dropper clamp was in small quantity but it contributes in quality of material improvement. The quality of material data which it gets with spectroscopic was not accurate so hereafter it needs to follow wet analysis and precise analysis to join in the test which is detailed comes to accomplish with the data accuracy.

• 대한전기학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 대한전기학회 2004년도 춘계학술대회 논문집 전기설비전문위원
• /
• pp.156-158
• /
• 2004

In the ATs(Auto-Transformers)-fed AC electric railroad system, the trolley wire with high power is supported with a messenger by the dropper. As the dropper maintains the height of the trolley wire and plays a role in distributing the supply power, it should be stabilized in that an electric and mechanical character accord ins the change of the open air circumstance and constructed easily. Consequently, this paper propose C5111 Sn(3.5$\sim$4.5%) and hexagonal round bolt for the way of the efficient stabilization as a result of the test that the correlation of the Sn content and the change of temperature affect a character of product.

• 한국철도학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국철도학회 2003년도 추계학술대회 논문집(III)
• /
• pp.500-506
• /
• 2003

Dopper should performance not only to constrain rolling and yawing system but also to develop capability of pantograph. In orde to get purpose, the survey and study that the type of dropper which convert 'I' type dropper into 'Y' type that performance to constrain rolling,yawing and jamping of catenary system simultaneously.

• 한국통신학회논문지
• /
• 제29권1B호
• /
• pp.86-100
• /
• 2004

To provide the end-to-end service differentiation for assured services, the random early demotion and promotion (REDP) marker in the edge router at each domain boundary monitors the aggregate flow of the incoming in-profile packets and demotes in-profile packets or promotes the previously demoted in-profile packets at the aggregate flow level according to the negotiated interdomain service level agreement (SLA). The REDP marker achieves UDP fairness in demoting and promoting packets through random and early marking decisions on packets. But, TCP fairness of the REDP marker is not obvious as for UDP sources. In this paper, to improve TCP fairness of the REDP marker, we propose a modified REDP marker where we combine a dropper, meters and a token filling rate configuration component with the REDP marker. To make packet transmission rates of TCP flows more fair, at the aggregate flow level the combined dropper drops incoming excessive in-profile packets randomly with a constant probability when the token level in the leaky bucket stays in demotion region without incoming demoted in-profile packets. Considering the case where the token level cannot stay in demotion region without the prior demotion, we propose a token filling rate configuration method using traffic meters. By using the token filling rate configuration method, the modified REDP marker newly configures a token filling rate which is less than the negotiated rate determined by interdomain SLA and larger than the current input aggregate in-profile traffic rate. Then, with the newly configured token filling rate, the token level in the modified REDP marker can stay in demotion region pertinently fir the operation of the dropper to improve TCP fairness. We experiment with the modified REDP marker using ns2 simulator fur TCP sources at the general case where the token level cannot stay in demotion region without the prior demotion at the negotiated rate set as the bottleneck link bandwidth. The simulation results demonstrate that through the combined dropper with the newly configured token filling rate, the modified REDP marker also increases both aggregate in-profile throughput and link utilization in addition to TCP fairness improvement compared to the REDP marker.

• 소음진동
• /
• 제9권2호
• /
• pp.317-323
• /
• 1999

Dynamic characteristics of catenary that supplies electrical power to high-speed trains are investigated. A simple catenary is composed of the contact and messenger wires connected by droppers possessing bi-directional stiffness properties. For slender, repeating structures such as catenary, both the wave propagation and vibration properties need to be understood. The influence of parameters that determine catenary dynamics are investiaged through numerical simulations involving finite element models. The effects of the tension and flexural rigidity of the contact wire is first investigated. The effects of dropper characteristics are then investigated. For linear droppers wave propagation as well as modal properties are determined. For large catenary motion, droppers can be modeled as bi-directional elements possessing low stiffness in compression and high stiffness in tension. For this case, impulse response is computed and compared with the cases of linear droppers. It is found that the catenary dynamics are primarily determined by contact wire tension and dropper properties, with large responses observed in 5∼40 Hz frequency range. In particular, the dropper stiffness and spacing are found to have dominant influence on the response frequency and the wave transmission characteristics.

• 한국철도학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국철도학회 2011년도 정기총회 및 추계학술대회 논문집
• /
• pp.1444-1452
• /
• 2011

At present, Kyungbu high-speed railway is operated with 300km/h, Honam high-speed railway is being constructed with 350km/h, and the development for the overhead contact line system is to be conducted for the next-generation high-speed railway with the speed of 400km/h. It is necessary to set up the specification and criteria for the key parts such as dropper, termination clamp and tension insulator for the 400km/h railway line. In this paper, the specification and the criteria for dropper, termination clamp and tension insulator has been reviewed and proposed in order to secure long-term reliability and stability under the maximum speed of 400km/h. Also, the specification, criteria and international standards for 300km/h class and 350km/h class railway line system and the international standards related with the insulators have been reviewed, compared and analysed.