• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.58 no.4
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• pp.193-199
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• 2018

As animal welfare issue becomes important, the European Union bans conventional cages for laying hens from 2012. So the alternative housing systems like floor pens, aviaries or free range systems have been suggested. From 2011 to 2014, we monitored 20 welfare-oriented laying hen farms in South Korea to figure out serological status of major viral diseases. During this period, total 3,219 blood samples were collected from the randomly selected chickens to test and evaluate the hemagglutination inhibition titers for low pathogenic avian influenza, Newcastle disease and egg drop syndrome '76. A total of 2,926 blood samples were tested through enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) to assess the serological status of infectious bronchitis (IB). The distribution of ELISA titers for IB was various from almost 0 to 20,000 through the all weeks of age. Also, the antibody coefficient of variation for most of the diseases in this study was higher than those of typical cage layers. As this study was the first surveillance for major avian viral diseases of the animal welfare-oriented farms in South Korea, the results obtained from this study will help to determine what information and resources are needed to maintain better biosecurity and to improve the health and welfare of laying hen flocks.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.14 no.3 s.62
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• pp.381-386
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• 2006

This research is to find out what type of young women's body and how young women perceived their body. What's the most favorable style of young women and how the degree of body satisfaction affect to choose their dresses. This was find out how 123 young women with age 20 to 22, live in Seoul perceive their body and how their body perception or body satisfaction affect when they choose the clothing, and also what clothing style they prefer the most. And also how their body size was classified up to KS drop method. All respondents are classified into 3 groups of somatotypes. N. H and A types are. N. H somatotype are bigger than A somatotype. Their body perception was 3.65. They are satisfied feel comfort. They love very body conscious styles, tightly fitted style. Actually when they choose the right style, the somatotype was very important considerable variable. When the degree of body perception or body satisfaction is high, they are positive and easy to accept the current fashion.

• The Journal of Churna Manual Medicine for Spine and Nerves
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.111-123
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• 2006

Objectives: This study is performed to evaluate the clinical effect of chuna therapy on the neck pain associated with kyphotic cervical curvature. Methods: This study carried out on three patients with neck pain & kyphotic cervical curvature who have received treatment in Depar1ment of Oriental Rehabilitation Medicine, Daejon Oriental Hospital of Daejon University from 28th July 2006 to 3th November 2006. Pre and post treatment, We evaluated the cervical angle, Jackson's angle, Jochumsen method, Ishihara index, VAS and effective score of treatment. Results & Conclusions: Two patients who received Chuna treatment recovered cervical curvature and improved neck pain. But One patient who dosen't received Chuna treatment was no improvement in cervical curvature & neck pain.

• Journal of Korean Medicine Rehabilitation
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.127-136
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• 2015

Objectives This study was carried out to investigate the clinical effects of Korean medical treatment on acute peroneal nerve palsy caused by prolonged immobilization. Methods One patient with acute peroneal nerve palsy was treated with various korean medical techniques such as acupuncture, moxibustion, cupping and herbal medicine, bee-venom acupuncture for 12 weeks. Manual Muscle Test, Range of motion, Numerical Rating Scale, Ankle-hindfoot scale, Digital infrared thermographing imaging system were used to evaluate treatment effect. Results After treatment, all the scales mentioned above were improved significantly. Conclusions This result showed that Korean medical treatment is effective on acute peroneal nerve palsy caused by prolonged immoblization.

• Korean Journal of Health Education and Promotion
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.55-71
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• 2005

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to find out what are the major motivations of middle and high school students to quit attempts and stay as non-smokers. Method: Data was collected through focus group interviews with 3 groups(15 students), and was analyzed according to Morgan and Kruger(1998)'s analytic method. Results: We identified 6 categories of motivations for Smoking Cessation. They include perceptions of negative consequences of smoking on health, influences in significant others, being ashamed of oneself, drop of academic achievements, narrowness in interpersonal relationships, determining priorities for a student. Although 'perceptions about negative health consequences' was one of the most significant motivation of smoking cessation for adolescents, participants did not know the seriousness of nicotine addiction. Moreover, their contents of motivations were different from those of adults such as responsibility for their family, decreasing curiosity about smoking and test of self willingness. Also most of them were extrinsic motivations and related to their highly competitive school life. Conclusion: To conclude, considering the results of our analysis, smoking cessation programs should be carefully developed to more effectively help adolescents quit and stay away from smoking.

• Journal of Korean Medicine Rehabilitation
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.97-109
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• 2014

Objectives Bee venom acupuncture (BVA) is emerging as a potential therapeutic option for several conditions. However, evidence regarding accurate estimates of its adverse events are not available. Therefore, by combining occurrence rates of adverse events in relevant randomized controlled trials (RCTs), we have aimed to give an overall estimated rate of each adverse event following BVA intervention. Methods A systematic search for adverse events of BVA in Pubmed, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Embase, NDSL, KoreaMed, KISS, RISS, KISTI, and KMbase was performed. For the quality assessment of the trials, we applied the CONSORT harms reporting recommendations. The overall occurrence rate of each adverse event was assessed as the primary outcome. The overall drop-out rate due to adverse events was assessed as the secondary outcome. Results Ten RCTs reported adverse events following BVA. Two RCTs were eligible of further synthesis. Adverse events of pruritus, localized edema, and erythema occurred significantly more frequently in the BVA group compared to the control group. Data of drop-outs were available in seven RCTs. However, no comparisons showed a significant difference. Conclusions Currently evidence of adverse events is far from sufficient for assessing a reliable, precise occurrence rate. Still, limited evidence shows a tendency that adverse events occur more frequently after the appliance of BVA compared to the control. Thus, we await well designed future studies of BVA with more proper and strict harms reporting methods.

• Journal of the Korean Graphic Arts Communication Society
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.77-96
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• 2011

Most of all manufacturing industries are pursuing the manufacturing process innovation through the production process automation but the printing industry still does not get out of the analog ways of the entire process compared the entire manufacturing industry. Today, many printing enterprises have the difficulties by the short for delivery, multi-item small amount printing, high quality, rise in raw material cost, drop in receiving order cost, and etc. The printing industry can get over these difficulties and issues by implementing the compact workflow line, merge with the others, automatization and networking, minimization of the repetitive operation, efficiency of the working process, optimization of the operators' value creation, minimization of cost and materials and fast make-ready. The object of this thesis establishes the experimental data and study cases applicable in the printing industry by having high labor productivity and work in line with printing industry processes through "lean printing system".

• JSTS:Journal of Semiconductor Technology and Science
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.48-57
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• 2013

This paper presents a power management system of the dye-sensitized solar cell (DSSC) for ubiquitous sensor network (USN) applications. The charge pump with a luminance-controlled oscillator regulates the load impedance of the DSSC to track the maximum power point (MPP) under various light intensities. The low drop-out regulator with a hysteresis comparator supplies intermittent power pulses that are wide enough for USN to communicate with a host transponder even under dim light conditions. With MPP tracking, approximately 50% more power is harvested over a wide range of light intensity. The power management system fabricated using $0.13{\mu}m$ CMOS technology works with DSSC to provide power pulses of $36{\mu}A$. The duration of pulses is almost constant around $80{\mu}s$ (6.5 nJ/pulse), while the pulse spacing is inversely proportional to the light intensity.

• Journal of the Korean School Mathematics Society
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.91-111
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• 2018

Junior college students in located Eup-Myeon areas commonly fail to meet the basic standards of mathematics. This leads students to lack basic knowledge and to have difficulties in studying their majors. In addition, students often lose their interest in the study and eventually leave school or drop out, while some have difficulties in their life at work. To remedy and solve these problems, the country proposes National Competency Standards(NCS). The basic occupational competencies proposed in NCS are essential occupational abilities required to successfully perform the job. I want to apply mathematical ability, which is one of the basic occupational competencies, to mathematics education of junior college. Applying NCS mathematical ability to junior college students, I would like to examine the effectiveness of the NCS mathematical ability course. The purpose of this study is to find out the way of education of desirable mathematical ability and to raise basic academic ability and interest in mathematics.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.158-162
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• 2009

Background: The loss of resistance (LOR) method is most commonly used to identify the epidural space. This method is thought to rely on the penetration of the ligamentum flavum. Unfortunately the exact morphology of the ligamentum flavum is variable at different vertebral levels. Especially, it has been pointed out that the lower cervical ligamentum flavum may be discontinuous in the midline in up to 50% of patients. Thus, the LOR method may be inaccurate to confirm the cervical epidural space. The aim of this study is to determine which method is the safest and most exact for confirming the cervical epidural space. Methods: 100 adult, chronic renal failure patients who were undergoing an arteriovenous bridge graft for hemodialysis at the upper arm under cervical epidural anesthesia were recruited for this study. During the cervical epidural puncture, we identified the cervical epidural space by subjectively feeling the resistance with using a finger just through the ligamentum flavum, and we also used the drip infusion method, the loss of resistance method using air, and the hanging drop method. By using 5 grades, we classified the extent of whether or not the techniques were effective. Results: Using the drip infusion method, we identify the epidural space in all the patients as ＋/＋＋ grade. The catheter insertion method was also successful in identifying those epidural spaces over a ${\pm}$ grade. The pseudo LOR was over ${\pm}$ grade in 47 patients. Conclusions: The combined LOR/hanging drop with drip infusion method is useful for confirming the cervical epidural space.