• Journal of Institute of Control, Robotics and Systems
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• v.21 no.6
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• pp.538-546
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• 2015

This paper describes an intelligent ankle assistive robot which provides assistive power to reduce ankle torque based on an analysis of ankle motion and muscle patterns during walking on level and sloped floors. The developed robot can assist ankle muscle power by driving an electric geared motor at the exact timing through the use of an accelerometer that detects gait phase and period, and a potentiometer to measure floor slope angle. A simple muscle assistive link mechanism is proposed to convert the motor torque into the foot assistive force. In particular, this mechanism doesn't restrain the wearer's ankle joint; hence, there is no danger of injury if the motor malfunctions. During walking, the link mechanism pushes down the top of the foot to assist the ankle torque, and it can also lift the foot by inversely driving the linkage, so this robot is useful for foot drop patients. The developed robot and control algorithm are experimentally verified through walking experiments and EMG (Electromyography) measurements.

• Journal of IKEEE
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.255-262
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• 2008

In this paper, we proposed the novel IGBT with an additional n-type MOS structure to achieve the improved trade-off between turn-off and on-state voltage drop(Vce(sat)). These low on-resistance and the fast switching characteristics of the proposed IGBT are caused by an enhanced electron current injection efficiency which is caused by additional n-type MOS structure. In the simulation result, the proposed IGBT has the lower on state voltage of 2.65V and the shorter turn-off time of 4.5us than those of the conventional IGBT(3.33V, 5us).

• Journal of the Microelectronics and Packaging Society
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.105-109
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• 2015

In this study, a new airbag sensor packaging technique of directly attachment by adhesive to the automobile frame is introduced. To assess the feasibility for the packaging, a test instrument was manufactured to examine the impact sensibility by drop tests. The conventional sensor module attached mechanically by bolts with plastic housing and the new sensor packaging were installed to aluminum channel, and the results were compared with each other. Numerical analysis was also performed to investigate the signal characteristics created by the sensors. The preliminary results showed that the pattern of the MEMS sensor signal was strongly dependent on the structural behavior of the frame where the sensors were installed, which indicated the complexity of the packaging design for proper airbag deployments.

• Women's Health Nursing
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.67-74
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• 2013

Purpose: Dysmenorrhea is a menstrual condition characterized by severe and frequent cramps and pain. Effective treatment methods for dysmenorrhea are not yet fully understood. This research compares the effects of pain killers and heated red bean pillows. Methods: Data were got on demographic data, menstrual cycle status, and activities of daily living (ADLs) limitations, dysmenorrhea severity and menstrual pain scores. Following a 10% drop-out rate, 44 young women satisfied the inclusion criteria. To prevent any bias, the experimental and control groups were selected from different campuses. We used two sizes of red bean pillows: $13{\times}11.5cm$, weighing 400g; and $15{\times}18cm$, weighing 220g. For analysis, we used IBM SPSS statistics 19.0. Results: Ninety-nine point seven percentage of total subjects reported moderate to severe dysmenorrhea and 63.6% reported as moderate to severe daily activities limitations. The mean pain score with visual analogue scale was $80.2{\pm}9.42$ of 100 and 86.4% used pain killers to alleviate menstrual discomfort in all the subjects. In both groups, all three variables showed significant improvement and the Moos's Menstrual Distress Questionnaire (MDQ) scores changed significantly between menstrual and post-menstrual time point at within groups and not significantly different at premenstrual and menstrual time point at between groups. However, the MDQ score was significantly higher in experimental group than control group at post-menstruation time point and the degree of satisfaction was higher in the control group. Conclusion: This research shows that red-bean pillows on the abdomen are effective in assisting the ADL and diminishing pain severity. With regard to its safety the study indicates it can be a convenient and safe option for female students with menstrual discomfort in schoolas a non-pharmacological self-help.

• Transactions on Electrical and Electronic Materials
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• v.17 no.6
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• pp.375-379
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• 2016

Increasing fat tissue of obese people, increases the rate of cardiovascular disease, diabetes, metabolic syndromes and dyslipidemia. An increase in the focal tissue of pancreas is a known risk factor of these diseases. Although there exists sufficient research on the diagnosis and treatment of pancreatic cancer, studies have been done on fatty pancreas. In this study, based on ultrasound imaging and using a texture characteristic of GLCM, fatty pancreas was divided into three categories: mild, moderate and severe. We compared and analyzed the three groups was by Pancreatic ultrasonography and body characteristics, serological tests, pressure and the degree of arteriosclerosis, against normal control group. The following parameters of control and test groups were measured: WC (waist circumference),BMI (body mass index), TC (total cholesterol), TG (triglyceride), HDL-C (High-density lipoprotein cholesterol) and LDL-C (Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol), SBP (systolic blood pressure), BST (Blood Sugar Test) and aortic PWV (pulse wave velocity). We observed the values correspondingly increasing fat deposition. However, ABI (Ankle Brachial pressure index) stenosis and HDL-C levels decreased with increasing fat deposit (p <0.05); a drop in these parameters are known to be harmful to the human body. The difference in texture characteristics between normal control group and pancreatic fatty group (mild, moderate, and severe) was statistically confirmed. Ultrasound imaging of pancreatic steatosis categorized the disease as mild, moderate and severe based on the characteristic texture. In conclusion, we observed on increase in metabolic syndrome, dyslipidemia, and arteriosclerosis, proportional to the degree of pancreatic fat deposition. The escalation of these diseases was confirmed and was directly related with predictors of cardiovascular diseases.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.121-133
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• 2017

This study investigates the design relation between shoulder line and sleeve line for designing bulky silhouettes as well as examines the trend sensitivity and design difference of each city through a comparison of the four cities collection (Paris, Milan, London, and New York). The results are as follows. In the four major fashion capitals, the rates of all-season coats were higher in 2014/15 F/W than those in the 2013/14 F/W season. At the 2014/15 F/W season, the proportion of the bulky silhouette coat, (including the fur and cape coat) increased and confirmed the bulky silhouette fashion trend. Second, an examining of the proportion of bulky silhouette coats manufactured by leading brands in major cities, indicated that London brands readily followed the trend of bulky silhouette coats when compared to other cities. This trend was also accepted by most brands in New York. Most brands in London and New York are highly compliant with the latest fashion trends. Third, the drop shoulder design was mostly presented in the shoulder pit of the bulky coat. In case of the sleeve, the shape of the jar was kept wide at the elbow line and made narrower toward the beak in most bulky silhouette coats. The importance of shoulder and sleeve design is clearly highlighted in the bulky silhouette coat. Fourth, detail design trends were different according to type of sleeve and shoulder fit. The results show the relationship between shoulder and sleeve design.

• Journal of Welding and Joining
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• v.32 no.6
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• pp.75-81
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• 2014

Usage of heavy metal element (Pb, Hg and Cd etc.) in electronic devices have been restricted due to the environmental banning of the European Union, such as WEEE and RoHS. Therefore, it is needed to develop the Pb-free solder plated ribbon in photovoltaic (PV) module. This study described that degradation characteristics of PV module under damp heat (DH, $85^{\circ}C$ and 85% R.H.) condition test for 1,000 h. Solar cell ribbons were utilized to hot dipping plate with Pb-free solder alloys. Two types of Pb-free solder plated ribbons, Sn-3.0Ag-0.5Cu (SAC305) and Sn-48Bi-2Ag, and an electroless Sn-40Pb solder hot dipping plated ribbon as a reference sample were prepared to evaluate degradation characteristics. To detect the degradation of PV module with the eutectic and Pb-free solder plated ribbons, I-V curve, electro-luminescence (EL) and cross-sectional SEM analysis were carried out. DH test results show that the reason of maximum power (Pm) drop was mainly due to the decrease fill factor (FF). It was attributed to the crack or oxidation of interface between the cell and the ribbon. Among PV modules with the eutectic and Pb-free solder plated ribbon, the PV module with SAC305 ribbon relatively showed higher stability after DH test than the case of PV module with Sn-40Pb and Sn-48Bi-2Ag solder plated ribbons.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• v.39 no.6
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• pp.604-608
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• 2015

In this paper, we study the characteristics of heat transfer for an insulated multi-core tube using glass wool as an insulator for the multi-core tube. By performing experiments and modeling, we examine the variations in the temperature characteristics of hydraulic oil inside the multi-core tube with atmosphere temperature, inlet temperature, and the flow rate of hydraulic oil for the insulated multi-core tube that we developed. When the minimum inlet flow rate of hydraulic oil employed within the scope of the research is 0.29 l/min, the temperature difference obtained in the experiments and numerical analysis was a maximum of $3^{\circ}C$. For a constant atmospheric temperature, as the inlet temperature of the hydraulic oil increases, the outlet temperature of the hydraulic oil will also increase, regardless of its inlet flow rate. Further, when the inlet flow rate of the hydraulic oil is more than 1.01 l/min, the effect of the atmospheric temperature on the temperature drop of the hydraulic oil is low.

• Journal of Urban Science
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.59-72
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• 2017

Studies on the calculation of accident costs include the approach on calculating damage costs covering all accidents regardless of first or secondary party and the one calculating damage costs generated by a single victim. These two approaches have a limitation of considering a subject for costs analysis as a single entity. In addition, research on estimating the interaction effects caused in the relationship between diverse traffic accident features and factors remains inadequate since most studies focused on calculating costs incurred in a single entity such as a victim, damaged building, or social organization in charge of managing car accident. This study intends to identify the expected range of old age where a specific interaction effect would remain, compare accidents between old age section and the entire age section, and discover an exogenous variable to be applied in accident drop effects in senior people and reduced benefits by calculating and testing additional accident costs in case the first party and the second party all pertain to the senior age section. By classifying the entire accidents caused by old drivers according to the types of cars, significant coefficients representing the influence that affects car accidents according to the characteristics are calculated and set them as the representative variables by selecting top variable in accordance with from low to high order. Furthermore, characteristics on five age groups such as a group of over 65 and less than 70, a group of over 70 and less than 75, a group of over 75 and less than 80, a group of over 80 and less than 85, and a group of over 85 are elicited and compared them with these preselected accident characteristics variables, thereby identifying what changing effects come out.

• Cartoon and Animation Studies
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• s.37
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• pp.83-106
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• 2014

The trends of smart devices and interactive media are demanding expansion of the form of Animation and there were some challenges to create interactive animation as completed contents. However, most of interactive storytelling with the branch structure do not meet the audiences' expectation and the use of distracters has even audiences' immersion drop down. This paper proposes 4 conditions for the completed interactive animation content. To suggest the way how to complete a story by the roles and actions of the audiences' participation, which is the most important one among 4 conditions above, this study has analyzed the story of . This interactive animation is considered as a successful case of interactive animation as an interactive contents with a completed story. This paper analyze the story with 20 functional narrative structure, semiotic rectangle and 'Actantial model' by Greimas in semiotics. Finally, this paper concludes 'what the interactive elements will be' and 'where the interactions will take place' in a traditional narrative structure through finding the answers of what the audience's role is.