• Quality Improvement in Health Care
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.37-55
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• 2012

Objectives : This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of fixed critical pathway with emr (electronic medical record) on the length of hospital stay, the cost and quality of care provided to gastrectomy patients in a university hospital and to develop flexible critical pathway with emr which can be used excluded or drop-out patients. Methods : Thirty-eight patients with gastrectomy were included as case group and Thirty-four patients included as control group. The comparison between control and case with using fixed critical pathway were done. To develop and to evaluate usefulness of flexible critical pathway with flexible data base, simulation was done for flexible critical pathway with drop-out patients. Result : The major results of this study were as follows: There were no significant differences in patient clinical conditions and no sign of deterioration of quality from critical pathway. The length of hospital stay was 11 days in control group, 8 days in path group(P<0.01). The total costs during the hospital stay were reduced in path group. However the cost per day was significantly increased from reduction of hospital stay(554,352 won in control, 645,669 won in path group). One hundred percentage of drop out patients(60) in the simulation of flexible critical pathway was successful. Conclusion : Computerized critical pathway reduced the length of hospital stay, total hospital costs and resource utilization without harming quality of patient care. The flexible critical pathway program can be used as one of the powerful management tools for reducing the practice variations and increasing the efficiency of care process and decreasing the workload of doctors and nurses in Korean hospital settings.

• Journal of Energy Engineering
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• v.15 no.4 s.48
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• pp.243-249
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• 2006

An experimental study on the refrigerant-side pressure drop of slit fin an tube heat exchanger has been carried out. A comparison was made between the predictions of previously proposed empirical correlations and experimental data for the pressure drop on design conditions of condenser in micro-fin tube for R22 and Rl34a. Experiments were carried out under the conditions of inlet refrigerant temperature of $60^{\circ}C$ and mass fluxes varying from $150\;to\;250\;kg/m^{2}s$ for R22 and Rl34a. The inlet air conditions are dry bulb temperature of $35^{\circ}C$, relative humidity of 40% and air velocity varying from 0.68 to 1.43 m/s. Experiments show that pressure drop for R134a was $22{\sim}22.6%$ higher than R22 for the degree of subcooling $5^{\circ}C$ For the mass fluxes of $200{\sim}250\;kg/m^{2}s$, the deviation between the experimental and predicted values for the pressure drop was less than ${\pm}20%$ for R22 and Rl34a.

• Journal of Korean Physical Therapy Science
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.9-16
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• 2018

Background: In order to find out the effect of therapy methods through Flexion-distraction technique and drop technique on pain, sacral angle of patients with lumbar herniated intervertebral disc targeting patients with lumbar herniated intervertebral disc due to L5-S1. Method: This study was to present the directivity of the therapy method for lumbar herniated intervertebral disc by comparing and analyzing the spinal decompression therapy and provide an effective treatment method to patients with lumbar herniated intervertebral disc by identifying the therapeutic effect of Flexion-distraction technique and drop technique. The research period is March 1, 2018 to June 30, 2018 and subjects are the patients diagnosed as lumbar herniated intervertebral disc due to L5-S1 by their doctor through clinical findings and medical equipment such as X-ray, CT, MRI etc. Among patients who visited and hospitalized in S Orthopaedics located in Daegu and 30 female patients with sacral angle of more than $30^{\circ}$ were randomly classified into 15 people and we carried out treatment three times a week for 8 weeks for 15 people in the experimental group applying Flexion-distraction technique and drop technique and 15 people in the control group applying spinal decompression therapy to compare and analyze the changes in pain, sacral angle of patients with lumbar herniated intervertebral disc. Result: According to the results of this study, changes in the Visual Analogue Scale showed statistically significant differences in both the experimental group and control group(p<.05), while there was statistically significant difference in the comparison between groups before and after measurement of experimental group (p<.05). In the comparison within two groups of sacral angle, both groups showed statistically significant difference(p<.05) but there was no statistically significant difference in the comparison of scores between groups before and after measurement of each group(p>.05). Discussion: All those results the above proved that we need to confirm various benefits of the therapy with the flexion-distraction technique and drop technique, and the findings of the concerned study will possibly become useful information when doctors actually work on a therapy to treat patients with the lumbar herniated intervertebral disc.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Gas
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.50-57
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• 2016

According to the urban gas business legislation, cathodic protection systems should be applied for buried steel gas pipelines to prevent corrosion. In advanced countries including United States, the criteria for Cathodic Protection Potential is at least -850mV with respect to a saturated copper/copper sulfate electrode(CSE) when the CP applied, and the IR drops must be considered for valid interpretation. However, the IR drop through the pipe to soil boundary has been neglected in Korea. According to KGS code, a reference electrode must be placed in proximity to gas pipelines possible when measuring the CP potential. In this study, we have installed several solid reference electrodes around the buried pipeline(1.2m depth), lower surface(0.5m depth), and the surface individually in order to measure the CP potentials through the each reference electrode and find out the IR drops according to the location of each reference electrode. We have found the IR drop is the greatest when measuring the CP potential through the electrode placed on the ground and the IR drop is the smallest through the electrode installed near pipeline. Therefore, we have suggested the solid reference electrode should be installed as close as possible to buried pipeline in order to measure the correct CP potential without IR drop. We have also suggested the amendment of CP criteria considering IR drop.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.39-44
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• 2020

The purpose of this study was learning about chest X-ray image classification and accuracy research through Deep Learning using big data technology with Convolution Neural Network. Normal 1,583 and Pneumonia 4,289 were used in chest X-ray images. The data were classified as train (88.8%), validation (0.2%) and test (11%). Constructed as Convolution Layer, Max pooling layer size 2×2, Flatten layer, and Image Data Generator. The number of filters, filter size, drop out, epoch, batch size, and loss function values were set when the Convolution layer were 3 and 4 respectively. The test data verification results showed that the predicted accuracy was 94.67% when the number of filters was 64-128-128-128, filter size 3×3, drop out 0.25, epoch 5, batch size 15, and loss function RMSprop was 4. In this study, the classification of chest X-ray Normal and Pneumonia was predictable with high accuracy, and it is believed to be of great help not only to chest X-ray images but also to other medical images.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Precision Engineering Conference
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• 2003.06a
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• pp.1022-1025
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• 2003

Although the globe is the most typical valve to control high pressure drop in piping system, it is very hard to figure out the characteristics of flow field in the globe valve caused by its complex geometry. So there is very few studies to find out flow characteristics of globe valve. In this study, numerical analysis for flow field in the globe valve is carried out using the Fluent code which is commercial CFD program. Pressure drop through the globe valve is also measured to verify the results come from numerical analysis. Comparing experiment with numerical analysis, two results are very close to each other. Also finite element method is employed to evaluate the safety of globe valve using the results coming from the flow analysis to make the boundary conditions for FEM analysis. Maximum stress appears on the inlet channel of valve where inlet flow runs against. Because the maximum stress between 11.7 MPa to 3.6 MPa is within 3.4% of yield stress. the structural safety of valve is considered to be very sound

• Proceedings of the Korean Information Science Society Conference
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• 1999.10c
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• pp.423-426
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• 1999

In offering a statistical end-to-end bandwidth guarantee service, typically called Assured Service, in Differentiated Serviced (Diff-Serv) framework, the biggest issue is its inconsistency. Larger profile TCP flows fail to achieve the guaranteed rate when competing with many smaller profile flows. This phenomenon, which we call "bandwidth skew", stems from the fact that larger profile flows take longer time to recover from the congestion window size backoff after a packet drop. Proposed solutions to this problem, therefore, are focused on modifying the TCP behavior. However, TCP modification is not practicable, mainly due to its large installation base. We look to other mechanisms in the Diff-Serv framework to find more realistic solutions. In particular, we demonstrate that RIO, the de facto standard packet differentiation mechanism used for Assured Service, also contributes to the bandwidth skew. Based on this new finding, we design a modified RIO mechanism called RI+O. RI+O uses OUT queue length in addition to IN and IN+OUT queue length to calculate OUT packet drop probability. We show through extensive simulation that RI+O significantly alleviates the bandwidth skew, expanding the operating regime for Assured Service.d Service.

• Journal of the Computational Structural Engineering Institute of Korea
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.43-49
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• 2005

The package used to transport radioactive materials, which is called by the shipping cask, must be safe under normal and hypothetical accident conditions. These requirements for the cask design must be verified through test or finite element analysis. Since the cost for FE analysis is less than the one for test, the verification by FE analysis is mainly used. But due to the complexity of mechanical behaviors, the results depend on how users apply the codes and can cause severe errors during analysis. In this paper, finite element analysis is carried out for the 9 meters free drop condition of the hypothetical accident conditions using LS-DYNA3D and ABAQUS/Explicit. We have investigated the analyzing technique lot the free drop impact test of the cask and investigated several vulnerable cases. The analyzed results were compared with each other. We have suggested a reliable and relatively simple analysis technique for the drop test of spent nuclear fuel casks.

• Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
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• v.19 no.5
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• pp.335-342
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• 2003

The method of measuring ground deformation modulus, in situ-testing has the disadvantage where the exam number is limited because it needs counter weight and a lot of measurement times. Recently, it has supplemented this problem and the equipments by which measurement can be made quickly are developed and applied in field., That is Falling Weight Deflectometer(FWD), Light Drop Weight Tester(LDWT), Geogauge. Light Drop Weight Teste.(LDWT) is introduced firstly in the name of ‘a lightweight fall circuit tester for a railroad public corporation’ by KTX. Since KTX introduced LDWT, a number of research organizations have used LDWT to find out domestic standard for quality management of base ground. In this study we used ZFG 02 which was manufactured by Stendal in Germany and measured the dynamic deformation modulus in soil box and in-situ. And we analyzed the correlation of the dynamic deformation modulus with static deformation modulus based on plate test in the same ground.

• Journal of Energy Engineering
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.149-154
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• 2007

An experimental study on the air-side pressure drop of slit fin-tube heat exchanger has been carried out. The data reduction methodology for air-side pressure drop in the literature is not based on a consistent approach. This paper focuses on method of data reduction to obtain the air-side performance of fin-tube heat exchanger using R22 and recommends standard procedures for dry and wet surface pressure drop estimation in fin-tube heat exchanger. A comparison was made between the predictions of previously proposed empirical correlations and experimental data for the air-side pressure drop on design conditions of condenser and evaporator. Results are pre-sented as plots of friction f-factor against Reynolds number based on the fin collar outside diameter and compared with previous studies. The data covers a range of refrigerant mass fluxes of $150{\sim}250\;kg/m^2s$ with air flows at velocity ranges from 0.38 m/s to 1.6 m/s.