• Journal of the Microelectronics and Packaging Society
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.77-86
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• 2008

The reliability of leaded and lead-free solders of BGA type packages on a printed circuit board was investigated by employing the standard drop test and 4-point bending test. Tested solder joints were examined by optical microscopy to identify associated failure mode. Three-dimensional finite element analysis(FEM) with ANSYS Workbench v.11 was carried out to understand the mechanical behavior of solder joints under the influence of bending or drop impact. The results of numerical analysis are in good agreement with those obtained by experiments. Packages in the center of the PCB experienced higher stress than those in the perimeter of the PCB. The solder joints located in the outermost comer of the package suffered from higher stress than those located in center region. In both drop and bending impact tests, the lead-free solder showed better performances than the leaded solders. The numerical analysis results indicated that stress and strain behavior of solder joint were dependent on various effective parameters.

• Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.51-57
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• 2014

The purpose of this study was to compare and analyze kinetic variables of lower limbs according to types of ankle taping in drop landing. For this, targeting seven male basketball players (average age: $20.8{\pm}0.74yrs$, average height: $187.4{\pm}3.92cm$, average weight: $79.8{\pm}7.62kg$) with no instability of ankle joints, the drop landing motion was conducted according to three types of inelastic taping (C-type), elastic taping (K-type), and no treatment (N-taping). Based on the result, the next conclusion was reached. First, the effect of taping for the players with stable ankles was minimal and the high load on ankle joints offset the fixing effect of inelastic taping. Thus the inelastic taping for the players with stable ankles did not have an effect on the control of dorsal flexion during one-foot landing. Second, increasing angular velocity by increasing the movable range of knee joints disperses impact forces, yet inelastic taping restricted the range of knee joint motion and at the same time increased angular velocity, adding to a negative effect on knee joints. Third, inelastic taping induced inefficient motion of Lower limbs and unstable impact force control of ankle joints at the moment of landing and produced maximum vertical ground reaction force, which led to an increase of load. Therefore, inelastic ankle taping of players whose jump actions occur very often should be reconsidered. Also, it is thought that this study has a great meaning in proving the problem of inelastic taping related to knee pain with unknown causes.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.16 no.8
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• pp.5051-5059
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• 2015

Structural behaviour of the front loader for an agricultural tractor was analyzed for three impact test conditions: drop and catch, corner pull, and corner push. Rigid-body dynamic, transient structural, and static structural analyses were conducted using a commercial finite element software. Analysis of the drop and catch test dealt with the case that the bucket located at the maximum elevation was dropped and catched through three steps. Analysis of the corner pull test dealt with the case that the bucket constrained to the ground by a chain at its corner was raised suddenly. Analysis of the corner push test dealt with the case that the corner of the bucket collided with an obstacle. Results of analyses of the three test conditions showed that maximum stress occurs at the geometrically discontinuous location in the mount and is caused from local stress concentration. Results of the present research can be utilized as a guideline to achieve more reliable and safe structural design of the front loaders.

• Journal of Ocean Engineering and Technology
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• v.33 no.6
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• pp.547-555
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• 2019

The purpose of this study was to establish a numerical model of polyurethane foam (PUF) to simulate the dynamic response and strength of membrane-type Liquefied natural gas (LNG) Cargo containment system (CCS) under the impact load. To do this, initially, the visco-plastic behavior of PUF was characterized by testing the response of the PUF to the impact loads with various strain rates as well as PUF densities at room temperature and at cryogenic conditions. A PUF material model was established using the test results of the material and the FE analysis. To verify the validation of the established material model, simulations were performed for experimental applications, e.g., the dry drop test, and the results of FEA were compared to the experimental results. Based on this comparison, it was found that the dynamic response of PUF in dry drop tests, such as the reaction force and fracture behaviors, could be simulated successfully by the material model proposed in this study.

• Journal of the Computational Structural Engineering Institute of Korea
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.75-86
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• 2019

The biggest obstacle in the nuclear power generation is the high level radioactive waste such as the spent nuclear fuel. High level radioactivities and generated heat make the safe treatment of the spent nuclear fuel very difficult. Nowadays, the only treatment method is a deep geological disposal technology. This paper treats the structural safe design problem of the spent nuclear fuel disposal canister which is one of the core technologies of the deep geological disposal technology. Especially, this paper executed the nonlinear structural analysis for the stresses and deformations occurring in the canister due to the impulsive force applied to the spent nuclear fuel disposal canister in the case of an accidental drop and ground impact event from the transportation vehicle in the repository. The main content of the analysis is about that the impulsive force is obtained using the commercial rigid body dynamic analysis computer code, RecurDyn, and the stress and deformation caused by this impulsive force are obtained using the commercial finite element static structural analysis computer code, NISA. The analysis results show that large stresses and deformations may occur in the canister, especially in the rid or the bottom of the canister, due to the impulsive force occurring during the collision impact period.

• Computers and Concrete
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• v.21 no.5
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• pp.583-592
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• 2018

Today, buildings are exposed to the effects such as explosion and impact loads. Usually, explosion and impact loads that act on the buildings such as nuclear power plants, airports, defense industry and military facilities, can occur occasionally on the normal buildings because of some reasons like drop weight impacts, natural gas system explosions, and terrorist attacks. Therefore, it has become important to examine the behavior of reinforced concrete (RC) structures under impact loading. Development of computational mechanics has facilitated the modeling of such load conditions. In this study, three kinds of RC walls that have different geometric forms (square, ellipse, and circle) and used in guardhouses with same usage area were modeled with Abaqus finite element software. The three configurations were subjected to the same impact energy to determine the geometric form that gives the best behavior under the impact loading. As a result of the analyses, the transverse impact forces and failure modes of RC walls under impact loading were obtained. Circular formed (CF) reinforced concrete wall which has same impact resistance in each direction had more advantages. Nonetheless, in the case of the impact loading occurring in the major axis direction of the ellipse (EF-1), the elliptical formed reinforced concrete wall has higher impact resistance.

• Proceedings of the KSME Conference
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• 2004.11a
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• pp.441-446
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• 2004

Mechanical systems with rubber parts have been used widely in industry fields. The evaluation of the physical characteristics of rubber is important in rubber application. Rubber material is useful to machine component for excellent shock absorbing characteristics. The impact characteristics of rubber were examined by experimental and finite element method. The impact test was conducted with a free-drop type impact tester. The ABAQUS/Explicit was used for finite element analysis. The effects of thickness and diameter of the cylindrical rubber structures were investigated. The impact absorbing ratio of the rubber material was studied order to compare the peak reaction force of the specimen which only contained aluminum against the specimen with the inserted rubber part.

• Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.201-208
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• 2013

The aim of this study was to investigate badminton smash and drop motion depends on player's level. To perform this study, ten male badminton players were participated: five skilled players (SG, age: $21.6{\pm}1.1$ yrs, height: $181.4{\pm}6.8$ cm, body mass: $72.4{\pm}5.7$ kg, career: $11.2{\pm}1.1$ yrs) and five less-skilled players (LSG, age: $21.2{\pm}1.1$ yrs, height: $180.2{\pm}5.6$ cm, body mass: $73.6{\pm}6.7$ kg, career: $10.6{\pm}0.9$ yrs). Three-dimensional motion analysis with 7 infrared cameras was performed with a sampling frequency as 200 Hz. Player's swing motion was divided into four events: starting motion (E1), backswing (E2), impact (E3), following (E4). For all upper joints, LSG showed greater angle differences between drop and smash motions than that of SG at E3 (p<.05). For all upper joints, greater angular velocities were found in SG than that of LSG. For both groups, significantly smaller angular velocities were found in drop motion than that of smash motion (p<.05). The greater sequential angular velocities (proximal to distal) were found in SG than LSG during smash motion. Based on our findings, performing the same motion between drop and smash would be related to enhance performance at badminton competition. It is expected that these results will be useful in developing a training program for enhancing performance of badminton athletes.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Noise and Vibration Engineering Conference
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• 2002.11b
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• pp.731-736
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• 2002

Impact is the most common type of dynamic loading conditions that give rise to impulsive forces and affects the vibrational characteristics of mechanical systems . Since the real impact force and acceleration at the contact surface are measured indirectly through the sensors, the measured outputs can be a little different from the real impact responses. In this study, the contact force model based on the Hertz law is proposed in order to predict the impact force correctly. To investigate the influence of the position of the sensor attached to the impacting bodies, the two kinds of sensors were used. Finally, the contact force model obtained by drop test was applied to predict the impact force between the moving part and the stopper in magnetic contactor.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Noise and Vibration Engineering Conference
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• 2001.05a
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• pp.323-327
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• 2001

Electrorheological(ER) and magnetorheological(MR) fluids have a unique ability to increase the dynamic yield stress of the fluid substantially when electric or magnetic field is applied. Controllable fluids such as ER and MR fluids have received considerable attention as several components of engineering devices. One of them is a smart impact damper using ER/MR fluids. Impact damper system can be used in the joint mechanism of railroad vehicle, protection equipment of elevator's drop, and launch equipment of aircraft. This paper presents the results of an analytical study of the performance of a smart impact damper to suppress vibration during impact excitation. The damping capabilities of MR impact damper for variable applied current are analyzed using Bingham model under sudden impact load.