• 대한전자공학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 대한전자공학회 1999년도 하계종합학술대회 논문집
• /
• pp.269-274
• /
• 1999

As the semiconductor industry enters the next century, we are facing to the technological changes and challenges. Optical lithography has driven by the miniaturisation of semiconductor devices and has been accompanied by an increase in wafer productivity and performance through the reduction of the IC image geometries. In the last decade, DRAM(Dynamic Random Access Memories) have been quadrupoling in level of integration every two years. Korean chip makers have been produced the memory devices, mainly DRAM, which are the driving force of IC＇s(Integrated Circuits) development and are the technology indicator for advanced manufacturing. Therefore, Korean chip makers have an important position to predict and lead the patterning technology. In this paper, we will be discussed the limitations of the optical lithography, such as KrF and ArF. And, post optical lithography technology, such as E-beam lithography, EUV and E-beam Projection Lithography shall be introduced.

• 기술경영경제학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 기술경영경제학회 2000년도 제17회 하계학술발표회 논문집
• /
• pp.175-209
• /
• 2000

The performance of US economy in the last cecade is considered to be driven by the IT investment. However, the causal relationship has not been conclsive between IT investment and economic performance, which makes a decision in IT investment tricky. IT as a growth strategy is critical to the developing countries which experienced resource constraint. In case IT acts as a driving force in the new technology paradigm, the less investment in IT will continue to which the growth gap between countries. When IT dose not make a significant contribution to growth, heavy investment in IT means misallocations of resources. Therfore a decision on IT investment has critical implication in terms of growth strategy. Based on a growth accounting nethod, the current study is to analyse the contribution of IT

• 한국세라믹학회지
• /
• 제23권1호
• /
• pp.1-6
• /
• 1986

The shrinkage rate of solid state sintering has been theoretically derived by combining the rate equation of material transport and the net free energy change resulting from the decrease of solid-vapor interface and the increase of grain boundary during sintering. For a sinteing model an idealized situation of the spherical particles with BCC packing was taken as the initial condition and the shrinkage was assumed to occur by forming the flat circualr grain boundaries on each particle. The plotted shrinkage rates as a function of grain boundary to surface energy ratio $(gamma_g/gamma_s)$ have shown that the relative density increases linearly at the initial stage of sintering but the shrinkage rate is decreased upon further sintering due to a decrease in driving force for densificaton. It has been also shown that the densification is critically affected by the $gamma_g/gamma_s$ ratio. In order to get the complete densificatin the ratio should be less than $sqrt{3}$. Any additive or atmospheric condition causing the decrease of$_g/gamma_s$ ratio will enhance sintering.

• 통상정보연구
• /
• 제10권2호
• /
• pp.165-188
• /
• 2008

Some developed countries have already long been adapted to these changes in the international economic environment would improve productivity rather than traditional technology based on more high value-added business and increased investment. IPR protection is not just a national interest in the creation and growth of dimensions beyond the country's national competitiveness and a driving force to decide whether to challenge the core of the matter. Therefore, the importance of IPR in the country to raise awareness of IPR protection, and for systematic and comprehensive policy that will continue to be prepared.

• 대한기계학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 대한기계학회 2003년도 추계학술대회
• /
• pp.233-238
• /
• 2003

A brand-new micro actuator is introduced in this paper. This device is one of thermo-pneumatic actuators, and based on two distinct principles of snap-through buckling and phase change. These coupled phenomena affect each other positively and will outrun the performance of an ordinary thermo-pneumatic actuator. Our efforts are focused on comprehensive analysis on the driving force of the actuator. For the analysis, we explain each principle and offer approximated models for the buckling and phase change. The calculation results from each model are compared to experimental data. The comparison between prediction from models and data from experiments is within the satisfaction in spite of a lot of approximations.

• 한국축산식품학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국축산식품학회 2002년도 정기총회 및 제29차 춘계국제 학술발표대회
• /
• pp.29-38
• /
• 2002

Today's food technologist is receiving increasingly pointed directions in the “selection of”and often “minimum amounts of”ingredients to use in the development of new food products. This increasing emphasis by marketing on “label”claims is real and gaining momentum in most market places. Thus, the development of functional foods that are providing customers with new and distinct nutritional choices. The driving force for the increased direction of the food technologist is that many governments are now allowing health related label claims on food products. These health claims are a result of very clearly and focused research that shows known nutritional benefits. The regulatory environment is well focused on the results of this peer reviewed research. In the USA, FDA has allowed several opportunities for health claims including fiber, soy protein and choline. This presentation will focus on only two of many functional ingredient options-the soy proteins and lecithin(choline).

• 한국안전학회지
• /
• 제29권4호
• /
• pp.28-33
• /
• 2014

Recently, the actuator worked by the driving recovery-force of the thermo elastic martensitic transformation of shape memory alloys(SMA) has been studied. This paper presents a study on the fatigue life of shape memory alloy (SMA) actuators undergoing thermally induced martensitic phase transformation under various stress levels. shape memory recoverable stress and strain of Ti-44.5at.%Ni-8at.%Cu alloys were by means of constant temperature tensile tests. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) was employed in order to investigate the transformation characteristics of the alloy before the tests. the results were summarized as follows. The martensite inducing stress incerased with the increasing of the Cu-contents. The fatigue life decreased with the increasing of the test load and the Cu-content. The data acquired will be very useful during the design process of an SMA NiTiCu element as a functional part of an actuator.

• Advances in concrete construction
• /
• 제16권2호
• /
• pp.97-106
• /
• 2023

This research endeavors to explore the enhancement of workforce economic efficiency through the application of nanotechnology, focusing on its economic implications. The findings of this investigation reveal that in recent years, surging global population growth and escalating demands for products and services have led to excessive resource consumption, resulting in adverse environmental consequences and altering environmental conditions-a phenomenon referred to as the economic growth dilemma. Entrepreneurs and economic stakeholders have begun to recognize the importance of sustainable development and the integration of environmental considerations into the production of goods and services. Within this context, knowledge-based economies have emerged as a driving force for sustainable business practices, particularly in the realm of nanotechnology. The integration of nanotechnology across various industries, including pharmaceuticals, agriculture, environmental management, and the chemical and petroleum sectors, as well as energy distribution, has yielded remarkable results. Consequently, this research aims to investigate the application and integration of nanotechnology in environmentally friendly silver nanoparticle production within select industries. Subsequently, it will examine the far-reaching implications of nanotechnology on economic growth and sustainable development.

• 융합보안논문지
• /
• 제13권5호
• /
• pp.77-87
• /
• 2013

동원은 전시 또는 이에 준하는 국가비상사태시에 국가의 모든 인적, 물적 자원을 효율적으로 통제, 관리 운영하는 국가의 권력 작용으로 정의된다. 따라서 동원태서의 완비는 전쟁에서 승리하는 것 뿐만 아니라 전쟁을 억제하고 평시 국가 경제를 발전시키는 원동력이 될 수 있다. 동원제도의 연구방향은 민 관 군의 통합된 계획과 집행에 의해 이루어져야 신속성과 효율성이 증대될 수 있기 때문에 법적, 제도적 정비를 통하여 발전되어야 할 것이다. 통일이 되더라도 동원제도에 대한 관심과 연구는 지속적으로 필요하다.

• 한국정밀공학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국정밀공학회 2004년도 추계학술대회 논문집
• /
• pp.1232-1235
• /
• 2004

The purpose of this study is to design electrical stimulation system for pharyngeal dysfunction(dysphagia) in stroke patients. Pharyngeal muscle group activity is important, because contracting muscles provide the driving force at the initiation of the swallow and generate the pressure gradients necessary for bolus movement into the esophagus. Although we have many treatment methods for dysphagia, electrical stimulation system will be useful for stroke patients having dysphagia. Electrical stimulation can be divided into the body stimulation and electrodes. The body stimulation is divided again into frequency counter, time control and current measurement part. These parts are to control the current intensity, frequency and stimulating time. And they can be variable according to the patient's clinical assessment. The electrode plays a role to deliver the current from the system to the muscle. Also the position of the electrode can be variable according to the treatment method. We performed the clinical experiment with the stroke patient who has swallowing disorder. The videofluoroscopy was used for the observation. From the result of clinical experiment based on electrical stimulation, we expected that the dysfunction(in pharynx) level of the patient can be improved. However we could not have enough effectiveness of the treatment because of the number of patients, patient's adaptation and treatment period. We will design the optimized electrical stimulation system based on enough clinical experiment in the future.