• 전기화학회지
• /
• 제2권4호
• /
• pp.218-220
• /
• 1999

EV & HEV의 성능은 다수의 축전지로 구성된 축전지팩의 성능에 좌우된다. 축전지의 열적 특성도 이러한 축전지팩의 성능을 좌우하는 많은 인자중의 하나이다. 특히 축전지의 열적 특성은 차량의 주행성능 및 축전지의 수명주기에 큰 영향을 주기 때문에, 축전지에서 발생되어 나오는 열량은 차량의 주행 모드를 모사한 다양한 조건하에서 가능한 정확히 측정되어야 한다. 또한 EV & HEV용 축전지팩의 열관리 시스템을 설계하기 위해서는 축전지팩내의 축전지에 대한 정확한 열특성 데이터를 필요로 하고 있다. 그러나 기존의 열량계로서는 EV용 축전지를 수용하여 열측정 시험을 하기엔 공동(Cavity)크기가 너무 작다. 이에 EV용 축전지의 열적 특성을 시험하기 위한 열량계를 공동(Cavity)의 크기 $120mm\times75mm\times200mm$로 개발하였다. 열량계의 보정은 0-200 W의 Heat Rate를 발생시킬 수 있는 가상셀(Dummy Cell)을 주문 제작하여 행하였다. 실제 입력 열량에 대한 측정열량의 오차범위는 $2\%$ 이내였고, 측정에 따른 전위 안정성도 2.5 mV 이내였다.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
• /
• 제20권10호
• /
• pp.415-424
• /
• 2019

최근 고령인구의 증가로 인해 실내 외에서 고령자들이 편리하게 생활할 수 있는 다양한 재활복지기기에 대한 관심이 증가하고 있다. 본 논문에서는 거동이 불편한 노인 또는 장애인들 스스로가 좁은 실내에서 안전하고 편리하게 이동과 이승이 가능하도록 최소 회전반경과 문턱 극복을 포함하여 설계 제작하였다. 좌식문화가 발전한 실내 환경에서 골절질환, 노인질환 및 기타 무릎, 허리질환을 가진 사용자의 이승 편의성을 제공하고자 하였다. 먼저 실내에서 이 승강이 가능하도록 프레임에 기본적으로 링크, 시트, 암레스트, 커버, 모터, 감속기, 배터리, 충전기, 센서, 컨트롤러 기구물 등을 부착하였다. 사용자의 환경과 신체적 특징을 고려하여 제품 디자인과 구조물을 설계하였으며, 고령자 또는 장애인이 실내에서 일상생활을 지원할 수 있도록 IoT 기능을 추가하였다. 제작된 실내 이 승강 휠체어의 동작성능을 확인하기 위해 구동실험을 수행하였다. 연속 주행시간, 회전반경, 액추에이터 최대부하, 최대 승강 높이, 음압레벨, 운행 보조센서 센싱 최소거리, 서버 및 앱 프로그램 상호 연동과 기기호환성, 듀티 사이클 오차율 시험성능 테스트를 수행하였다. 시험결과, 제작된 휠체어는 각 항목의 성능시험 목표 값을 달성하였으며, 성공적으로 작동하는 것으로 나타났다.

• 한국기계가공학회지
• /
• 제18권1호
• /
• pp.109-115
• /
• 2019

In arc-welding applying to the present automobile part manufacturing process, a wrist-hollow type arc welding robot can shorten the welding cycle time, because feedability of a welding wire is not affected by a robot posture and thus facilitates high-quality arc welding, based on stable feeding with no entanglement. In this paper, we will propose the optimization of wrist design for a wrist-hollow type 6-Axis articulated robot. Specifically, we will perform the investigation on the optimized design of inner diameter of hollow arms (Axis 4 and Axis 6) and width of the upper arm by using the simulation of robot motion characteristics, using a Genetic Algorithm (i.e., GA). Our simulations are based on $SolidWorks^{(R)}$ for robot modeling, $MATLAB^{(R)}$ for GA optimization, and $RecurDyn^{(R)}$ for analyzing dynamic characteristics of a robot. Especially $RecurDyn^{(R)}$ is incorporated in the GA module of $MATLAB^{(R)}$ for the optimization process. The results of the simulations will be verified by using $RecurDyn^{(R)}$ to show that the driving torque of each axis of the writs-hollow 6-axis robot with the optimized wrist design should be smaller than the rated output torque of each joint servomotor. Our paper will be a guide for improving the wrist-hollow design by optimizing the wrist shape at a detail design stage when the driving torque of each joint for the wrist-hollow 6-axis robot (to being developed) is not matched with the servomotor specifications.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
• /
• 제26권4호
• /
• pp.355-362
• /
• 2000

Neoplastic growth is characterized by alterations of oncogenes and antioncogenes. The interaction between activated oncogenes and functional deletion of antioncogene appears to be the driving force directing normal cells to uncontrolled growth resulting in tumor. In addition to those genes mentioned, other genes controlling the entry of cells into the cell cycle have recently been implicated in cancer development. The overexpression of the cyclin D1 gene, which has been mapped to 11q13, either by gene rearrangement or amplification has been noted in various malignant tumors. The product of the cyclin D1 gene forms a complex with cyclin-dependent protein kinases(CDK4) that governs a key transition in the cell cycle. The relationships between the overexpression of cyclin D1 assessed by immunihistochemistry and the amplification of the cyclin D1 gene by differential polymerase chain reaction(DPCR) using primers for dopamin D2 receptor gene in 13 cases of squamous cell carcinomas of the oral cavity have been studied. The semiquantitative assay of cyclin D1 amplification has been made by cyclin D1/dopamin D2 receptor(CD/DR) ratio. The results were as follows; 1. In the normal tissue and the tumor, the CD/DR ratios were 0.82 and 1.36 respectively. This implicates 1.65-fold amplification of cyclin D1 gene in tumor compared to that in normal tissue. 2. The tumor tissue which showed overexpression of cyclin D1 by immunohistochemistry revealed 2-fold amplification of cyclin D1 compared to the normal tissue. 3. The tumor tissue which showed mild expression of cyclin D1 by immunihistochemistry revealed 1.7-fold amplification of cyclin D compared to the normal tissue. 4. The cyclin D1 was overexpressed in the tumor tissue at the rate of 38%. Above results suggest that cyclin D1 has close correlation with the development of carcinoma in the oral cavity. But further studies were needed to elucidate the carcinogeneic mechanisms by comparative studies among cyclin D1, pRb and p53.

• 대한공간정보학회지
• /
• 제23권3호
• /
• pp.69-75
• /
• 2015

안전한 도로주행을 위하여 설치된 도로시설물들은 주야간에도 식별할 수 있도록 제작되었으나, 기상악화 시 제 기능을 발휘하지 못하고 있다. 최근에는 원거리에서도 명확하게 인식할 수 있는 전기전자기술로 제작하고 있으나, 이들은 고장이 빈번하여 수시로 교체해야 하므로 교통정온화와 유지관리에 많은 문제점들이 나타나고 있다. 본 연구는 이러한 문제를 해결하기 위하여 교통사고가 빈번한 지역에 반영구적으로 이용할 수 있는 LED 표시등을 설치하고, 이를 시스템과 연계하여 유지 관리할 수 있는 모니터링시스템을 개발하였다. 이를 위하여 시스템은 윈도우 운영체계 기반으로 하였고, 무선통신망과 연결하여 P.C에서 운용될 수 있도록 개발하였다. 그 결과 현장에 설치된 LED 표시등의 배터리 상태정보를 실시간으로 분석을 할 수 있었고, 그 수명주기를 예측함으로서 효율적으로 관리할 수 있었다.

• 드라이브 ㆍ 컨트롤
• /
• 제17권1호
• /
• pp.27-36
• /
• 2020

The aim of this study is to design a simulation model for an electric All-Wheel-Drive (AWD) tractor to evaluate the performance of the selected component and agricultural work ability. The electric AWD tractor consists of four motors independently for each drive wheel, and each motor is combined with an engine generator, a battery pack, and reducers. The torque data of a 78 kW-class tractor was measured during plow tillage and driving operation to develop a workload cycle. A simulation model was developed by using commercial software, Simulation X, and it used the workload as the simulation condition. As a result of simulation analysis, the drive system, including an electric motor and reducers, was able to cope with high load during plow tillage. The SOC (State of Charge) level was influenced by the output power of the motor, and it was maintained in the range of 50~80%. The fuel consumed by the engine was about 18.23 L during working on a total of 8 fields. The electric AWD tractor was able to perform agricultural work for about 7 hours. In the future study, the electric AWD tractor will be developed reflecting the simulation condition. Research on the comparison between the simulation model and the electric AWD tractor should be performed.

• 한국자동차공학회논문집
• /
• 제20권1호
• /
• pp.95-105
• /
• 2012

The selective catalytic reduction (SCR) system is a highly-effective aftertreatment device for NOx reduction of diesel engines. Generally, the ammonia ($NH_3$) was generated from reaction mechanism of SCR in the SCR system using the liquid urea as the reluctant. Therefore, the precise urea dosing control is a very important key for NOx and $NH_3$ slip reduction in the SCR system. This paper investigated NOx and $NH_3$ emission characteristics of urea-SCR dosing system based on model-based control algorithm in order to reduce NOx. In the map-based control algorithm, target amount of urea solution was determined by mass flow rate of exhaust gas obtained from engine rpm, torque and $O_2$ for feed-back control NOx concentration should be measured by NOx sensor. Moreover, this algorithm can not estimate $NH_3$ absorbed on the catalyst. Hence, the urea injection can be too rich or too lean. In this study, the model-based control algorithm was developed and evaluated on the numerical model describing physical and chemical phenomena in SCR system. One channel thermo-fluid model coupled with finely tuned chemical reaction model was applied to this control algorithm. The vehicle test was carried out by using map-based and model-based control algorithms in the NEDC mode in order to evaluate the performance of the model based control algorithm.

• 한국환경과학회지
• /
• 제1권2호
• /
• pp.125-136
• /
• 1992

Digestion of a municipal wastewater sludge by the anaerobic sequencing batch reactor (ASBR) was investigated to evaluate the performance of the ASBR process at a critical condition of high-solids-content fined. The reactors were operated at an HRT of 10 days with an equivalent loading rate of 0.8-1.5 gVS/L/d at 35$^{\circ}C$ The main conclusions drawn from this study were as follows: 1. Digestion of a municipal wastewater sludge was possible using the ASBR in spite of high concentration of settleable solids in the sludge. The ASBRS with 3- and 4-day cycle period showed almost identical high digestion performances. 2. No adverse effect on digestion stability was observed In the ASBRS in spite of withdrawal and replenishment of 30% or 40% of liquid contents. A conventional anaerobic digester could be easily converted to the ASBR without any stability problem. 3. Flotation thickening occurred in thicken step of the ASBRS throughout steady state, and floating bed volume at the end of thicken period occupied about 70% of the working volume of the reactor Efficiency of flotation thickening in the ASBRS could be comparable to that of additional gravity thickening of a completely mixed digester. 4. Solids were accumulated rapidly in the ASBR during start-up period. Solids concentrations in the ASBRS were 2.6 times higher than that in the completely mixed control reactor at steady state. Dehydrogenase activity had a strong correlation with the solids concentration. Dehydrogenase activity of the digested flu형e in the ASBR was 2.9 times higher than that of the flu형e in the control reactor, and about 25 times higher than that of the subnatant in the ASBR. 5. Remarkable increase in equivalent gas production of 52% was observed at the ASBRS compared with the control reactor in spite of similar quality of clarified effluent from the ASBRS and control reactor. The increase in gas production from the ASBRS was believed to be combined results of accumulation of microorganisms, higher driving force applied, and additional long-term degradation of organics continuously accumulated.

• 한국자동차공학회논문집
• /
• 제24권3호
• /
• pp.345-351
• /
• 2016

This study was carried out to determine an optimal lean $NO_x$ trap (LNT) regeneration condition based on a $NO_x$ storage fraction. The LNT regeneration was performed by an in-cylinder post fuel injection method. A $NO_x$ storage fraction is defined by the ratio of current cumulated $NO_x$ amount in the LNT to the $NO_x$ storage capacity: 0 means empty and 1 fully loaded. In this study five engine operating conditions were chosen to represent the New European Driving Cycle. With various $NO_x$ storage fractions each engine operating condition, the LNT regeneration was executed and then $NO_x$ conversion efficiency, additional fuel consumption, CO and THC slip, peak catalyst temperature were measured. The results showed that there exist an optimal condition to regenerate the LNT, eg. 1500 rpm 6 bar BMEP with below 0.7 $NO_x$ storage fraction in this experimental constraint.

• 한국정보통신학회논문지
• /
• 제4권5호
• /
• pp.919-930
• /
• 2000

본 논문은 정수계획 문제로 수리모형화 되는 선박운항 일정계획 문제에 대한 컴퓨터 그래픽기반의 상호대화식 모델링 시스템의 개발에 관해서 논한다. 선박운항 일정계획 문제는 "최대의 운임수익을 얻기 위하여 선박과 화물을 적절히 배정하는 문제"로 요약되며 수리모형과 해법에 대한 많은 연구가 있어왔다. 1970년 후반부터 컴퓨터의 발전에 힘입어 수학적 모델링 뿐만 아니라 컴퓨터 그래픽을 활용한 시각적 상호대화식 모델링에 관한 연구가 시도되었고 현재는 MS/OR(management Science / Operational Research) 및 경영정보시스템(Management Information System : MIS)의 중요한 한 분야가 되었다. 시각적 상호대화식 모델링(Visual Interactive Modeling : VIM)이란 자료의 입력과 모델의 생성 및 해의 표현에 이르는 모델링 생명주기 전체에 걸쳐 의사결정자가 직접 개입하여 의사결정자가 원하는 해를 얻는 과정을 말한다. 본 논문에서는 선박운항일정계획 문제에 있어 컴퓨터 그래픽을 이용한 자료의 입력, 모델의 생성 및 검증, 적절한 해법의 선택 그리고 해의 표현 방법을 제안하고 개발된 프로토타입 시스템을 소개한다.시스템을 소개한다.