• 한국분무공학회지
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.155-160
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• 2013

Worldwide harmonized light-duty vehicle test procedure (WLTP) for emission certification has been developed in WP.29 forum in UN ECE since 2007. The test procedure is expected to be applied to Korean light-duty diesel vehicles at the same time of adoption in Europe. The air pollutant emissions from light-duty vehicles have been regulated with weight per distance travelled which means the driving cycles can affect the results. The six Euro-5 light-duty diesel vehicles including sedan, SUV and truck have been tested with WLTP, NEDC which is used for emission certification for light-duty diesel vehicles, and CVS-75 to estimate how much particle number emission can be affected by different driving cycles. The averaged particle number emissions have not shown statistically meaningful difference. The maximum particle number emission have been found in Low speed phase of WLTP which is mainly caused by cooled engine conditions. The amount of particle number emission in cooled engine condition is much different as test vehicles. It means different technical solution is required in this aspect to cope with WLTP driving cycle.

• 한국자동차공학회논문집
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• 제22권7호
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• pp.117-126
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• 2014

Recently, due to various environmental problems such as global warming, increasing of international oil prices and exhaustion of resource, a paradigm of world automobile market is rapidly changing from vehicles using internal combustion engine to eco-friendly vehicles using electric power such as EV (Electric Vehicle), HEV (Hybrid Electric Vehicle), PHEV (Plug-in Hybrid electric Vehicle) and FCEV (Fuel Cell Electric Vehicle). There are many driving cycles for performance evaluation of conventional vehicles. However there is a lack of researches on driving cycle for EV. This study is composed of part 1 and part 2. In this paper part 1, in order to develop urban driving cycle for performance evaluation of electric vehicles, Gwacheon-city patrol route of police patrol car was selected. Actual driving test was performed using EV. The driving data such as velocity, time, GPS information etc. were recorded. GUDC-EV (Gwacheon-city Urban Driving Cycle for Electric Vehicles) including road gradient was developed through the results of analyzing recorded data. Reliability of the driving cycle development method was substantiated through comparison of electricity performance. In the second part of this study, the developed driving cycle was compared to simulation result of the existing urban driving cycle. Verification of the developed driving cycle for EV performance evaluation was described.

• 한국자동차공학회논문집
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• 제9권4호
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• pp.62-68
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• 2001

In an early engine development, it is highly required to determine the Key Test Points at the main driving, zone and lessen those points to reduce a test duration. This paper describes that it is possible not only to predict the cycle fuel consumption[g/km], emissions[g/km] from engine data(BSFC[g/kWh], emissions[g/kWh]) but also to confirm the emission regulation potential before a vehicle test.

• 대한통합의학회지
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• 제2권4호
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• pp.91-100
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• 2014

Purpose : The purpose of this experiment is to find out the effectiveness which exert influence on cognitive skills by using the Driver Rehabilitation program for senior citizens who are over 65 years old and live in Busan. Method : From July first, 2014 to August 28th, 2014, we researched the 60 elderly people who are over 65 and go to community relief center which is in Busan. - 30 are experimental group and the other is control group. In the experimental group, we used Nintendo wii's driving simulation program and RC Car driving program in the model road. For estimation, we used MVPT-3(Motor-Free Visual Perception Test-3), Trail Making Test - 1, Trail making Test - 2 and LOTCA(Loewenstein Occupational Therapy Cognitive Assessment). Result : Nintendo wii's driving simulation program and RC Car driving program in model road results efficient visual perception ability. This programs results effectively in visual perception ability and space perception ability. This programs results effectively in motor apraxia ability. This programs results effectively in control ability for visual perception. This programs results effectively in thinking operation. Conclusion : Nintendo Wii's driving simulation program and RC Car driving program in model road positively influence improving for visual perceptual ability and cognitive function of elderly people. Also it is considered as being more efficient for improving visual perceptual ability and cognitive function to implement basic rehabilitation training with driving rehabilitation program than basic training itself.

• 한국철도학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국철도학회 2011년도 정기총회 및 추계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.1405-1411
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• 2011

It is very often for the experienced diesel locomotive drivers to identify the proper replacing time for the fuel adjustment tube only based on their experience. Because of that, sometimes the locomotive's fuel is burned out due to the unnecessary torque. Or sometimes, the locomotive does not operate with its accelerating performance because the fuel is not supplied at the appropriate moment. Meanwhile, recent typical auto vehicles provide drivers with the average fuel efficiency and the instant fuel efficiency in real-time. By providing the real time display mentioned above, it is one of the good examples that those drivers, who had driven their cars not properly and used a lot of fuel with their bad driving habits, obtain the efficient driving pattern by continuous educating effect. Similarly, if the diesel locomotive provides the train driver with the optimal driving pattern within a certain driving section, it will be effective for fuel saving. It is possible to make the most effective driving pattern by performing the repeated trial running especially for the railway because the track's operating routes, its grades, and etc are relatively precise. This research analyzes the result data which was obtained by many times trial running on the identical section after equipping the fuel use measuring device to a certain test vehicle, and confirms the fuel saving effect depending on the driving pattern along the test section. At the same time, the research to establish the optimal driving pattern was progressed.

• 한국지반공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지반공학회 2004년도 춘계학술발표회
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• pp.11-19
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• 2004

When pile foundation constructed by driving method, it is desirable to perform monitoring and estimation of pile drivability and bearing capacity using some suitable tools. Dynamic Pile Monitoring yields information regarding the hammer, driving system, and pile and soil behaviour that can be used to confirm the assumptions of wave equation analysis. Dynamic Pile Monitoring is performed with the Pile Driving Analyser. The Pile Driving Analyser (PDA) uses wave propagation theory to compute numerous variables that fully describe the condition of the hammer-pile-soil system in real time, following each hammer impact. This approach allows immediate field verification of hammer performance, driving efficiency, and an estimate of pile capacity. The PDA has been used widely as a most effective control method of pile installations. A set of PDA test was performed at the site of Donghea-1 Gas Platform Jacket which is located east of Ulsan. The drilling core sediments of location of jacket subsoil are composed of mud and sand, silt. In this case study, the results of PDA test which was applied to measurement and estimation of large diameter open ended steel pipe pile driven by underwater hydraulic hammer, MHU-800S, at the marine sediments were summarized.

• International Journal of Automotive Technology
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.101-108
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• 2003

There are a lot of factors that influence automotive fuel economy such as average trip time per kilometer, average trip speed, the number of times of vehicle stationary, and so forth. These factors depend on road conditions and traffic environment. In this study, various driving data were measured and recorded during road tests in Seoul. The accumulated road test mileage is around 1,300 kilometers. The objective of the study is to identify the driving patterns of the Seoul metropolitan area and to analyze the fuel economy based on these driving patterns. The driving data which was acquired through road tests was analysed statistically in order to obtain the driving characteristics via modal analysis, speed analysis, and speed-acceleration analysis. Moreover, the driving data was analyzed by multivariate statistical techniques including correlation analysis, principal component analysis, and multiple linear regression analysis in order to obtain the relationships between influencing factors on fuel economy. The analyzed results show that the average speed is around 29.2 km/h, and the average fuel economy is 10.23 km/L. The vehicle speed of the Seoul metropolitan area is slower, and the stop-and-go operation is more frequent than FTP-75 test mode which is used for emission and fuel economy tests. The average trip time per kilometer is one of the most important factors in fuel consumption, and the increase of the average speed is desirable for reducing emissions and fuel consumption.

• 한국자동차공학회논문집
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.454-462
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• 2016

This study was conducted in order to estimate the exhaust emissions analysis method of the real driving emission(RDE). The Association for Emissions Control by Catalyst(AECC) has developed a test procedure by using a random cycle method based on the chassis dynamometer. In order to confirm this approach in Korea, Euro 5(DPF), Euro 6(DPF + LNT), and Euro 6(DPF + SCR) were performed on three different vehicles to determine the exhaust gas characteristics of the random cycle, real-road driving test(PEMS), and emission certification driving mode(NEDC). Six different random cycle driving modes were generated by the vehicle specifications(e.g. curb weight, engine power, gear ratio, and maximum acceleration). The NOx emissions were increased in the NEDC, random cycle, and PEMS order in this study regardless of the test vehicles. The random cycle method has the advantage because it utilizes a chassis dynamometer in the laboratories for a repeatable data collection, and it allows any eminent emission improvement checked prior to a real-road driving test with PEMS.

• 한국자동차공학회논문집
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.130-138
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• 2015

Despite of recently strengthened vehicle emission regulations, NOx emissions are not decreased in urban areas because of discrepancies between certification emission test modes and real driving conditions. Thus, researches on RDE-LDV (Real-driving Emission-Light-duty Vehicle) have been conducted actively using PEMS (Portable Emissions Measurement Systems). In the present study, NOx emissions were measured for 5 Korean light duty vehicles for real driving conditions including city, combined, highway, and up-downhill test route. Emission characteristics were analyzed for averaged NOx emissions per unit driving distance of each driving test routes. Furthermore, MAW (Moving Average Window) method based on $CO_2$ emissions from WLTC, which will be supported for EU regulations, was utilized. It was revealed that DRs (deviation ratios) for diesel vehicles (i.e., 5.1 ~ 8.4) were greater than gasoline vehicles (less than 0.15). Especially DR of diesel vehicle for up-downhill test route was 8.4, which indicates severe NOx emissions.

• 자동차안전학회지
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.88-94
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• 2023

The seating postures of passengers in the automated driving vehicle are possible in atypical forms such as rear-facing and lying down. It is necessary to improve devices such as airbags and seat belts to protect occupants from injury in accidents of the automated driving vehicle, and collision safety evaluation tests must be newly developed. The purpose of this study is to define representative types of head-on collision accidents to develop collision standards for autonomous vehicles that take into account changes in driving behavior and occupants' postures. 150 frontal collision cases remained by filtering (accident videos, images, AIS 2+, passenger car, etc…) and random sampling from approximately 320,000 accidents claimed by a major insurance company over the past 5 years. The most frequent accident type is a head-on collision between a vehicle going straight and a vehicle turning left from the opposite side, accounting for 54.7% of all accidents, and most of these accidents occur in permissive left turns. The next most common frontal collision is the center-lane violation by drowsy driving and careless driving, accounting for 21.3% of the total. For the two types above, data such as vehicle speed, contact point/area, and PDOF at the moment of impact are obtained through accident reconstruction using PC-Crash. As a result, two types of autonomous vehicle crash safety test scenarios are proposed: (1) a frontal oblique collision test based on the accident types between a straight vehicle and a left-turning vehicle, and (2) a small overlap collision test based on the head-on accidents of center-lane violation.