• 대한의용생체공학회:의공학회지
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• 제38권4호
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• pp.197-204
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• 2017

The aim of this study was to evaluate driving performance of normal subjects for controlling the steering wheel by using foot operated steering devices in the driving simulator. Many people with complete bilateral loss or loss of use of upper limbs but with normal lower limbs are frequently left without use and/ or control of their hands, arms, or the upper extremities of their bodies. As a result, persons disabled in this manner have problems in operation an automobile because they cannot grasp and manipulate a conventional steering wheel. Therefore, if foot operated steering devices are used for controlling the vehicle on in people with disabilities, the disabled people could improve their community mobility by driving a car safely. Ten normal subjects were involved in this research to evaluate steering performance by using three types of steering devices(conventional steering wheel, pedal type foot steering, circular type foot steering) in driving simulator. STISim Drive 3 program was used for testing the driving performance in two road scenarios: straight road and curved road at low and high speed of vehicle (40 km/h and 80 km/h). This study used two-way ANOVA to compare the influences of two factors(type of foot steering device and road scenario) in the three dependent variables of steering performance(standard deviation of lateral position, the lateral position of vehicle and the number of line crossing). The average values of the three dependent variables(standard deviation of lateral position, lateral position and the number of line crossing) of driving performance were significantly smaller for conventional steering wheel or pedal type foot steering than circular type foot steering.

• 한국디지털정책학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국디지털정책학회 2006년도 춘계학술대회
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• pp.281-288
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• 2006

Recently, information technology are rapidly diffused throughout the world. A new paradigm, 'telework' and 'distant education' is a product of the tremendous technological changes driving the disabled vocational rehabilitation. In the computer and information communication technology areas related with web-based telework-distant education, the disabled expect vocational rehabilitation. Therefore nowadays, the disabled effort to adapt to the new information era by web-based telework and distant education. This study attempts to suggest developmental framework of employment innovation model to vitalize the disabled vocational rehabilitation.

• 대한의용생체공학회:의공학회지
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• 제38권1호
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• pp.32-42
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• 2017

The aim of this study was to evaluate driving performance of Healthy and disabled groups (with or without driver's license) to control steering wheel by using steering assistive devices in the driving simulator. The persons with partial loss of use of all four limbs have problems in operation of the motor vehicle because of functional loss to operate steering wheel. Therefore, if steering assistive devices for grasping the steering wheel are used to control the vehicle on the road in persons with disabilities, the disabled persons can improve mobility in their community life by driving a motor vehicle safely. Ten healthy subjects (with or w/o driver's license) and ten subjects with physical disabilities (with or w/o driver's license) were involved in this study to evaluate driving performance to operate steering wheel by using four types of steering assistive devices (Single-pin, V-grip, Palm-grip, Tri-pin) in driving simulator. STISim Drive 3 software was used to test the steering performance in four scenarios: straight road at low and high speed of vehicle (40 km/h and 80 km/h), curved road at low and high speed of vehicle (40 km/h and 80 km/h). This study used two-way ANOVA in order to compare the effects of two factors (type of steering assistive device and subject group) in the three dependent variables of driving performance (the lateral position of vehicle, standard deviation of lateral position representing the variation of the left and right movement of the vehicle and the number of line crossing). The mean values of the three dependent variables (lateral position, standard deviation of lateral position, the number of line crossing) of steering performance were statistically significantly smaller for the healthy or disabled groups with driver's license than the other groups without driver's license on the curved road at high speed of vehicle compared to low speed of vehicle.

• 대한지역사회작업치료학회지
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.33-44
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• 2018

목적 : 본 연구는 국내 학술지의 운전재활에 관한 연구동향를 살펴보고 앞으로의 연구 방향을 제시하고자 하였다. 연구방법 : 본 연구는 2000년 1월부터 2016년 12월까지 한국연구재단 등재지 및 등재후보지를 대상으로 '운전재활'과 '장애인 운전'을 검색어로 사용하였다. 선정된 문헌은 총 58편이며, 문헌을 포함하는 학술지는 총 16종이었다. 검색된 문헌은 연구형태와 동향, 질적수준, 연구주제, 연구대상, 발간 학술지 및 학회 등으로 분류하여 기술적 통계를 시행하였다. 결과 : 연구기간을 4년 간격으로 분석하였을 때 2012년 이후 출판문헌이 29편(50.0%)으로 가장 비율이 높았고, 시간의 경과할수록 연구의 수가 증가하였다. 연구형태는 집단비교 및 상관관계연구가 22편(37.9%)으로 가장 비율이 높았고 설문조사와 고찰연구가 그 뒤를 이었다. 연구의 질적수준은 level I이 전체에서 7편(12.1%)이었으나 시간이 지날수록 증가하는 경향을 보였고, level III과 IV가 각각 22편(37.9%), 26편(44.8%)으로 높은 비율을 차지하였다. 연구대상자는 뇌병변장애 연구가 49편 중 19편(38.8%), 연구주제로는 임상평가에 대한 연구가 15편(25.9%)으로 가장 많았다. 발간 학술지 및 학회는 대한작업치료학회지가 15편(25.9%)으로 가장 많았고. 학술지에 따른 연구주제는 대한작업치료학회지와 대한재활의학회지에서 임상평가 연구가 각각 5편(8.6%), 6편(10.3%), 한국재활복지공학회와 한국장애인재활협회에서는 차량개조를 위한 제언이 각 5편(8.6%), 3편(5.2%)으로 나타났다. 결론 : 본 연구를 통해 국내 운전재활의 연구형태, 연구의 질적수준, 연구주제, 대상자 진단명, 주로 발간한 학술지의 연구시기, 빈도 등을 분석하였다. 실험 및 결과 연구, 운전중단하기 및 비주행평가에 관한 연구 등 현실적, 제도적 지원 미비로 인해 연구가 어려웠던 부분에 대한 관심이 필요하며, 각 유관학회 및 학회지가 관심을 가지는 주제 및 방향을 파악하여 이를 근거로 현재보다 심도 깊고, 타 분야와의 연계성이 높은 연구를 진행할 필요가 있다.

• 대한인간공학회지
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• 제35권1호
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• pp.11-27
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• 2016

Objective: The purpose of this study was to develop and evaluate high technology adaptive driving controls, such as mini steering wheel-lever system and joystick system, for the people with physical disabilities in the driving simulator. Background: The drivers with severe physical disabilities have problems in operation of the motor vehicle because of reduced muscle strength and limited range of motion. Therefore, if the remote control system with driver-by-wire technology is used for adaptive driving controls for people with physical limitations, the disabled people can improve their quality of life by driving a motor vehicle. Method: We developed the remotely controlled driving simulator with drive-by-wire technology, e.g., mini steering wheel-lever system and joystick system, in order to evaluate driving performance in a safe environment for people with severe physical disabilities. STISim Drive 3 software was used for driving test and the customized Labview program was used in order to control the servomotors and the adaptive driving devices. Thirty subjects participated in the study to evaluate driving performance associated with three different driving controls: conventional driving control, mini steering wheel-lever controls and joystick controls. We analyzed the driving performance in three different courses: straight lane course for acceleration and braking performance, a curved course for steering performance, and intersections for coupled performance. Results: The mini steering wheel-lever system and joystick system developed in this study showed no significant statistical difference (p>0.05) compared to the conventional driving system in the acceleration performance (specified speed travel time, average speed when passing on the right), steering performance (lane departure at the slow curved road, high-speed curved road and the intersection), and braking performance (brake reaction time). However, conventional driving system showed significant statistical difference (p<0.05) compared to the mini steering wheel-lever system or joystick system in the heading angle of the vehicle at the completion point of intersection and the passing speed of the vehicle at left turning. Characteristics of the subjects were found to give a significant effect (p<0.05) on the driving performance, except for the braking reaction time (p>0.05). The subjects with physical disabilities showed a tendency of relatively slow acceleration (p<0.05) at the straight lane course and intersection. The steering performance and braking performance were confirmed that there was no statistically significant difference (p>0.05) according to the characteristics of the subjects. Conclusion: The driving performance with mini steering wheel-lever system and joystick control system showed no significant statistical difference compared to conventional system in the driving simulator. Application: This study can be used to design primary controls with driver-by-wire technology for adaptive vehicle and to improve their community mobility for people with severe physical disabilities.

• 재활복지공학회논문지
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.17-27
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• 2012

본 연구는 장애인 그리고 비장애인이 사용할 수 있는 미래형 전동스쿠터인 자율주행 탑승용 옴니 드라이브 라이더 로봇의 정보을 제공하는데 그 목적이 있다. 그러므로 자율주행 탑승용 옴니 드라이브 로봇 개발을 하기 앞서 49명의 장애인과 고령자의 욕구 조사의 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 첫째, 전동스쿠터의 승하차 불편사항과 밧데리 충전문제 등의 불만족한 이유로 가장 시급히 해결해야 할 문제로 나타났다. 이를 위해 본 연구개발 시 고려되어야할 사항으로 밧데리 충전시간과 거리, 팔 받침대, 발 받침대, 시트각도 등이 요소가 개선되어야 할 것이다. 둘째, 인도, 차도, 경사도, 보도블럭 등과 같은 도로환경에 주행안전에 위험을 느끼고 있으며, 이를 위해 편의기능으로 조이스틱 핸들형, 네비게이션 기능, 장애물 회피기능, 옴니 드라이브 휠, 우천 시 사용할 수 있는 자동 오픈형 덮개 등 본 연구개발과 관련한 여러 요소를 포함하여 장애인과 고령자에 맞는 설계 방안을 제안하였다.

• 한방재활의학과학회지
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.141-151
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• 2008

Objectives : The purpose of this study was to investigate effects of long-term taxi driving posture on the balance of musculoskelectal system. Methods : The author practiced Moire topography by using IBS-2000 for 30 male taxi drivers and general people. Then we measured difference of contour lines, difference of shoulder joint height, interval between vertical baseline of pelvis and vertical baseline of neck, ratio of thoracic curve and lumbar curve, difference of width between right and left through Moire topography. After we statistically analyzed difference of Moire topography's data between long-term employed male taxi drivers and general people. Results : 1. Taxi drivers, difference of contour lines in scapular, lumbar, gluteal region was bigger than general people and significant difference(p<0.05) was observed between subject group. 2. Taxi drivers, diference of shoulder joint height was more large than general people and significant difference(p<0.01) was observed between subject group. 3. Taxi drivers, diference of interval between vertical baseline of pelvis and vertical baseline of neck was more large than general people and significant difference((p<0.05) was observed between subject group. 4. Taxi drivers, ratio of thoracic curve was more large than general people and ratio of lumbar curve was more less than general people and significant difference(p<0.05) was observed between subject group. Conclusions : According to above results long-term taxi driving posture might cause musculoskelectal system unbalance.

• 디지털융복합연구
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.87-95
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• 2008

Information technology is rapidly diffused throughout the world. Unfortunately, as the technology goes on the disabled vocational rehabilitation is more isolated in physically and mentally. A new paradigm, 'Digital practical use Opportunity' is a product of the tremendous technological changes driving the disabled vocational rehabilitation. The employment for the disabled vocational rehabilitation is a hot issue. Because lack of education rehabilitation cause many problems for the employer. Relating program of employment and education for the disabled vocational rehabilitation, they can get a job in a better condition. This study propose a model of good environmental employment for the disabled vocational providing them the way of getting a job so that they can go as a member of highly developed society. It conducted in society could fundamentally advance our knowledge about the structure of the employment of the disabled vocational rehabilitation, cure their feelings, give them a chance to live happier, stronger, healthier.

• 폴리머
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• 제30권6호
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• pp.471-477
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• 2006

이온성 고분자-금속 복합체(ionic polymer metal composite, IPMC)는 낮은 구동 전압에서도 비교적 빠른 응답 속도를 갖는 전기활성고분자(electro active polymer, EAP) 재료이다. IPMC는 인간의 근육과 유사한 인성 및 변형 특성을 나타내므로 최근 인공근육용 구동체 개발을 위한 많은 연구들이 진행되어 왔으며, 또한 우주항공, 센서 및 펌프 등의 다양한 분야에서 적용가능성이 조사되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 액상 내피온을 이용하여 용액 캐스팅 방법으로 다양한 두께의 내피온 막을 제조하는 방법을 도입하였다. IPMC 제조방법은 Oguro가 제안한 방법을 기초로 하여 도금온도를 변화시켜 무전해 도금법을 이용하여 내피온 내부로의 1차 전극을 형성시켰으며, 형성된 1차 전극의 안정성과 표면전기저항을 낮추기 위하여 이온빔보조증착법(ion beam assisted deposition, IBAD)을 도입하여 금과 이리듐을 1차 전극표면 위에 증착하여 2차 전극을 형성시켰다. 1, 2차 무전해 도금한 IPMC와 2차 IBAD 코팅한 IPMC 전극의 표면과 단면 형상을 SEM으로 관찰하였으며, 전압을 인가할 때 IPMC 내부의 수분증발 및 이온전도도의 변화를 조사하였다. 또한 다양한 두께의 IPMC를 제조하여 두께변화에 따른 변위와 구동력을 측정하였다.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.81-86
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• 2009

Purpose: This study compared the characteristics of the brake response time during the driving task between elderly and younger drivers. Methods: The participants consisted of an elderly group (n=12) and a younger group (n=12). The brake response time (BRT), which consisted of the reaction time (RT) and movement time (MT), was assessed in an actual driving car. The BRT was measured at the initiation and termination of the brake response for the driving task Results: The elderly group showed a significantly longer delay in the initiation and termination of the brake response than the younger group. The BRT correlated significantly with both the RT and MT. However, the RT showed a more significant correlation. Conclusion: A delay in the initiation and termination of the brake response may have clinical implications. A further study will be needed to determine the different factors contributing to the driving performance of elderly drivers.