• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제21권10호
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• pp.1529-1534
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• 2008

The aim of this study was directed at exploring the possible use of muscle fiber characteristics as new selection traits for improving both porcine lean meat production and quality. A total of 174 (114 Yorkshire, 30 Landrace, and 30 Meishan) pigs were used for this study, and lean meat production ability was estimated by backfat thickness and loin eye area. The Longissimus dorsi muscle was taken in order to measure meat quality and muscle fiber characteristics. Due to the high correlations between total muscle fiber number and most of the performance traits, all pigs were classified into three groups (low, intermediate, or high) by total muscle fiber number using cluster analysis. The high group had the highest loin eye area (p<0.001). The meat quality traits were within normal ranges as reddish pink, firm, and nonexudative (RFN) pork, but the groups classified as intermediate and high had relatively large drip loss percentages (p<0.05), produced more than twice the amount of pale, soft, and exudative (PSE) pork as compared to the low group. The group with a high total muscle fiber number was further classified, based on type 2b fiber percentage, into low or high groups by cluster analysis. The results showed that the low type 2b fiber group had good loin eye area (p<0.05), small drip loss (p<0.05), and did not produce PSE pork. For these reasons, a high total muscle fiber number, with a low percentage of type 2b fibers, may be suitable in selecting for improvements in both lean meat production and meat quality.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제19권6호
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• pp.898-904
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• 2006

Effects of sodium bicarbonate (SBC) injection on meat quality and functionality of porcine M. longissimus lumborum were investigated. Fifteen pigs ($100{\pm}5kg$) were randomly selected at a commercial slaughter plant. After slaughtering the loins were dissected from the carcass before chilling at approximately 30 minutes post mortem. The loins were divided into four cuts for sample treatment, and SBC of 0.25 M, 0.40 M and 0.75 M was injected (2% w/w) using a syringe. As SBC injection level was increased, muscle pH increased significantly (p<0.05). SBC injection decreased lightness ($L^*$) values on the surface of muscle. Moreover, with injection of SBC, drip loss %, cooking loss % and shear force were significantly (p<0.05) decreased, whereas WHC and $Na^+$ content were significantly (p<0.05) increased. From panel testing of uncooked pork loin, no significant differences (p>0.05) were found in aroma, off-flavor and drip between injection of SBC at different levels and the control, although color and acceptability were significantly lower (p<0.05) in control pork loin compare with injection of SBC at 0.75 M. In cooked pork loin from the panel test, aroma, flavour, off-flavour and juiciness were found to be similar (p>0.05) on all treatments, but tenderness and acceptability were significantly higher (p<0.05) with injection of SBC at 0.75 M than for control loin. Myofibrillar protein solubility of muscles treated with SBC was significantly (p<0.05) higher than that of the control, although no significant differences (p>0.05) were found in sarcoplasmic protein solubility between the treatments. These results indicated that SBC injection into pre-rigor porcine M. longissimus lumborum could improve ultimate pork quality characteristics such as meat color, water-holding capacity, and could inhibit muscle protein denaturation due to an increase in muscle pH.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제31권1호
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• pp.27-31
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• 2011

To differentiate between frozen-thawed and fresh broiler breast fillets, different methods such as optical microscopy and measurement of drip loss, pH, torrymeter and K-value were performed. A total of 10 samples of fresh and frozen-thawed breast fillets were stored in a refrigerator ($4^{\circ}C$) for 5 d. Optical microscopy of the frozen-thawed breast fillets found structural changes caused by ice crystals, which may have significantly increased drip loss compared to fresh breast fillet. The pH and K-value could not be distinguished between the two breast fillets during storage. However, the torrymeter values of the fresh and frozen-thawed breast fillets were significantly different (p<0.05). The results indicate that both optical microscopy and torrymeter measurement can be effective methods for differentiating between fresh and frozen-thawed breast fillets. However, optical microscopy may be difficult to implement in the marketplace since it requires much time and effort. Thus, the determination of the torrymeter value is the easiest and most rapid instrumental method among those tested for the differentiation of frozen-thawed chicken breast fillet from fresh one.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.216-220
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• 2004

To investigate the effect of feeding the fermented food wastes (FFW) on meat quality, twenty pigs produced from four treatments with different mixing rates of FFW [100% concentrate (control), 25% replacement with FFW (25% FFW), 50% replacement with FFW (50% FFW) and 100% fermented food wastes (100% FFW)] were slaughtered. Carcass characteristics were differentiated if FFW replacement rate was higher than 50%. The proximate compositions of hams and loins in control pigs were not different from (p>0.05) those of the FFW replacements, regardless of mixing rate of FFW replacement. Drip loss of pork loin increased (p<0.05) with increased rate of FFW replacement. Hunter color values were affected (p<0.05) by the FFW replacement and storage time, while not significantly changed (p>0.05) when replaced with lower than 25% FFW. With replacing more than 50% FFW, redness values tended to be decreased, while yellowness values increased. Aerobic plate counts (APC) were rapidly increased 12 d for the control and 8 d for FFW replacement, and microbial stability seemed to be lowered when the rate of FFW replacement rate was more than 50%. These results indicated that the replacement of concentrate diets with FFW was still nutritious feedstuffs for pig diet, however, no more than 50% FFW replacement was recommended to have similar effect to those with the control (100% concentrate).

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제41권4호
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• pp.674-686
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• 2021

This study aimed to enhance the quality of broiler breast meat by adding pig skin collagen to feed. A total of 50 Ross 308 broilers were classified according to the following feeding regime for two weeks: basal diet (NC), basal diet+0.1% fish collagen (PC), basal diet+0.1% pig skin collagen (T1), basal diet+0.5% pig skin collagen (T2), and basal diet+1.0% pig skin collagen (T3). The moisture content was the highest in the PC group, and the protein content was the lowest in the T1 group (p<0.05). The fat content was higher in the T1 and PC groups, whereas the ash content was higher in the T3 group (p<0.05). Drip loss was the highest in the NC group and the lowest in the T2 group (p<0.05). Lightness was low in groups T2 and T3, redness was low in groups T2 and PC, and yellowness was low in groups T1, T2, and PC (p<0.05). The collagen content of the chicken breast was the highest in the T3 group, and that of the skin was the highest in the T1 group (p<0.05). The texture characteristics of springiness, cohesiveness, chewiness, and hardness were the highest in the T3 group (p<0.05). In conclusion, the supplementation of a broiler diet with pig skin collagen was found to increase the collagen content of the breast meat, indicating the improved quality of the broiler breast meat.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제41권1호
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• pp.45-58
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• 2021

This study investigated the dietary effect of total mixed ration (TMR) based on high roughage content on the growth performance, carcass characteristics, and meat quality of Hanwoo steers. Twenty-four Hanwoo steers (average body weight, 195.3±4.7 kg; age, 8.5 mon) were randomly allocated to three experimental groups according to forage and concentrate ratio (DM basis): 25:75 (control), 50:50 (T50), and 70:30 (T70). Productivity in the fattening period and final body weight were significantly higher in the control. Average daily gain and feed conversion ratio were the same among treatments. Serum parameters, cholesterol, blood urea nitrogen, and total protein were higher in the control. Carcass weight was comparable in the control and T50 but feeding more roughage was significantly correlated with a higher intramuscular fat. Shear strength and drip loss were higher while n-6/n-3 was lower in T70 compared to the other groups. However, meat color was not significantly different among treatments. In terms of free amino acid contents, glutamic acid and glycine were higher in the control than T50 and T70. Overall, feeding Hanwoo steers with high forage content TMR had the lowest n-6/n-3 ratio of fatty acid content but highest intramuscular fat, shear strength, and drip loss. High forage content TMR is the best feed for Hanwoo steers that gives more benefits for human health and consumption but also provides the best meat grade and quality, which is important in the beef market in Korea.

• 한국국제농업개발학회지
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.277-284
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• 2018

본 연구는 돼지 농가의 생산성 향상 및 수익성 증대를 위한 분자 육종 기술에 적용할 유전자 마커를 개발하기 위해 수행되었다. 분석 결과에 따르면, 돼지의 간 조직을 이용하여 RNA-Sequencing을 수행한 결과 ECI2 유전자의 SNP를 발견하였고 발견된 SNP chr 7:g.2302809는 c.608로 608번째 C가 G로 변환되어 Threonine에서 Serine으로 아미노산이 치환되는 단일염기다형성임을 확인하였다. Berkshire 돼지 430으로 ECI2 유전자형과 육질 형질과의 연관성 분석 결과 도 체중, 적색도, 육즙 손실, 수분 함량 및 $pH_{24hr}$에서 유의성을 확인할 수 있었다. 그중 GG 유전자형은 $pH_{24hr}$에서 다른 유전자형에 비해 수치가 증가시키는 경향을 확인하였다. 성별에 따른 유전자형과 육질 형질과의 연관성은 거세돈에서 GG 유전자형이 육즙 손실의 감소와 $pH_{24hr}$에서 유의성이 확인되었고, 암퇘지의 GG 유전자형도 수분함량이 증가되었다. 따라서 ECI2 유전자의 GG 유전자형을 가진 돼지가 육질이 더 좋은 것으로 판단된다. 이러한 결과를 바탕으로 ECI2의 GG 유전자형을 고정시킨다면 육질이 우수한 돼지고기 생산이 가능할 것이다. 또한 ECI2 유전자를 이용하여 품종개량 및 조기 선발 기술에 바이오마커로 활용한다면 농가의 경쟁력 강화 효과에 도움이 될 것으로 사료된다.

• 한국식품저장유통학회지
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• 제30권1호
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• pp.88-97
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• 2023

본 연구는 다양한 해동 조건에서 해동된 돈육의 품질 특성을 비교 분석하여 식육 가공 산업에서 필수적으로 사용되는 해동 공정 개선 및 새로운 해동 설비를 구축하기 위한 기초 자료를 마련하고자 수행되었다. 냉동육(돈육 전지)을 실온 해동(room temp-thawing: 20℃, under air), 저온냉장 해동(low temp-thawing: 4℃ refrigerator, under air), 침수 해동(water thawing: 20℃, water in a vacuum bag), 전자레인지 해동(microwave thawing: microwave-thawing, 260 W), 감압 텀블링 해동(low pressure-tumbling: 20℃, 0.015 bar, tumbling)으로 각각 해동하여 이에 따른 해동 및 품질 특성을 분석하였다. 냉동 돈육의 내부중심온도가 -6℃에서 0℃에 도달하는 시간을 총 해동 시간으로 했을 때, 감압 텀블링 해동의 해동 시간이 20분으로 가장 짧았고, 냉장 해동이 840분으로 가장 긴 것으로 확인되었다. 해동으로 인한 냉동 돈육의 드립 손실(%)은 감압 텀블링 해동에서 0.15%로 가장 낮은 값을 보였으며, 침수 해동에서 가장 많은 드립(1.16%)이 발생되었다. 해동 시간에 큰 차이를 보임에도 불구하고, 해동 돈육의 pH는 해동 조건에 따라 유의적인 차이를 보이지 않은 반면, 해동 육의 총균수와 대장균군 모두 감압 텀블링 해동에서 가장 낮았다. 해동 돈육의 색도(L, a, b)는 해동 방법에 따라 유의적인 차이를 보였으나, 육안으로는 두드러진 차이를 관찰하기 어려웠다. 해동 돈육의 보수력은 감압 텀블러 해동(94.5%)과 침수 해동(94.2%)이 유의적인 차이 없이 높은 보수력을 보였으며, 다음으로 실온 해동(92.2%), 저온냉장 해동(89.4%), 전자레인지 해동(87.2%) 순으로 유의적으로 보수력이 감소하였다. 본 실험은 해동 방법에 따라 냉동 돈육의 품질 특성 및 가공 효율성이 크게 달라지는 것을 보여주었으며, 특히 재래식 해동법에 비해 감압 텀블링 해동 방식이 드립 감량율, 보수력, 미생물 생육도, 해동 속도 등을 비교할 때 가장 우수한 해동 방법이 될 것으로 보인다. 본 연구 결과는 향후 텀블링 방식의 해동기 개발 및 산업화를 위한 기초 자료로 활용할 수 있을 것이다.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제36권1호
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• pp.29-36
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• 2016

This study was performed to investigate the role of pH and temperature postmortem, and to demonstrate the importance of these factors in determining meat quality. Postmortem pH_45min (pH at 45 min postmortem or initial pH) via analysis of Pearson’s correlation showed high positive correlation with pH change pH_c24 (pH change from pH_45min to pH_24h postmortem). However, postmortem pH after 24 h (pH_24h or ultimate pH) had a high negative correlation with pH change, pH_c24, CIE L*, and protein content. Initial temperature postmortem (T_1h ) was positively associated with a change in temperature from 45 min to 24 h postmortem (T_c24) and cooking loss, but negatively correlated with water holding capacity. Temperature at 24 h postmortem (T_24h) was negatively associated with T_c24. Collectively, these results indicate that higher initial pH was associated with higher pH_c24, T_1h, and T_c24. However, higher initial pH was associated with a reduction in carcass weight, backfat thickness, CIE a* and b*, water holding capacity, collagen and fat content, drip loss, and cooking loss as well as decreased shear force. In contrast, CIE a* and b*, drip loss, cooking loss, and shear force in higher ultimate pH was showed by a similar pattern to higher initial pH, whereas pH_c24, carcass weight, backfat thickness, water holding capacity, fat content, moisture content, protein content, T_1h, T_24h, and T_c24 were exhibited by completely differential patterns (p<0.05). Therefore, we suggest that initial pH, ultimate pH, and temperatures postmortem are important factors in determining the meat quality of pork.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제14권12호
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• pp.1763-1768
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• 2001

The combined effects of low voltage electrical stimulation (ES) and early short-term temperature conditioning on meat quality of Hanwoo beef (Korean native cattle) during storage were investigated. Shear force was influenced by ES and aging. Combination of ES and the $30^{\circ}C$ conditioning resulted in higher myofibril fragmentation index and improved lightness. There was no substantial difference in drip loss among treatments but ES samples showed higher cooking loss than control. Negative effect on shelf-life was not found by early short-term high temperature conditioning. Therefore, the meat quality of Korean native cattle was effectively improved by the combination of ES and the $30^{\circ}C$ conditioning.