• Proceedings of the Korea Society of Environmental Biology Conference
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• 2004.05a
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• pp.25-25
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• 2004

We studied algal growth-related water quality of the Dongbok lake which is the drinking water reservoir for the Gwangju municipality. Peridinium cinctum and several diatomic algal species frequently caused water bloom throughout the lake from early spring to late autumn. With the heaviest predominance of Peridinium cintum in May 2003, COD was 13.7 mg/I in the surface layer. Highly turbid surface water with 46.8 mg/I of SS was also caused by Perdinium bloom. Peridinium bloom decisively eliminated cyanobacterial growth in the lake, otherwise cyanobacterial bloom resulted. Dense algal layer was confined in the upper several meters of the water column above the thermocline, which gives relatively algae-free water in deeper layer suitable for drinking source water supply. Upon collapse of thermocline, water quality of the surface layer was improved while deeper layer was deteriorated in terms of water quality. This paper deals with some details of water quality changes with algal growth in the Dongbok lake past two years.

• Proceedings of the Korea Society of Environmental Biology Conference
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• 2004.05a
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• pp.27-27
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• 2004

We studied algal growth-related water quality of the Sangsa lake which is the drinking water reservoir for the south-eastern region of Jeonnam province. Peridinium cinctum and several diatomic algal species frequently caused water bloom throughout the lake from early spring to late autumn. With the heaviest predominance of Peridinium cintum in May 2003, COD was 22.7 mg/l in the surface layer. Highly turbid surface water of 15 NTU was also caused by Perdinium bloom. Cyanobacterial growth was effectively prohibited by dominant growth of Peridinium in the Sangsa lake, otherwise confronted with cyanobacterial bloom. Dense algal layer was confined in the upper several meters of the water column above the thermocline, which gives relatively algae-free water in deeper layer suitable for drinking source water supply. Upon collapse of thermocline, water quality of the surface layer was improved while deeper layer was deteriorated. This paper deals with some details of water quality changes with algal growth in the Sangsa lake past two years.

• Journal of Soil and Groundwater Environment
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• v.23 no.6
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• pp.9-27
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• 2018

In recent years, the sales of bottled spring water (BSW) have been drastically increasing in Korea and other countries, which accompanied great interests in conservation and reclamation of natural mineral water (NMW). In this study, management and research activities on NMW in Europe, USA, and Codex Alimentarius were reviewed. In each region, NMW is regulated with its own quality standards that differ from ordinary drinking water, and management actions are strictly implemented to protect water resources and to secure quality of NMW. Many studies on NMW were carried out for monitoring inorganic constituents including major and trace elements in national levels for bottled NMW, groundwater, and tap water in other countries. In Korea, NMW became commercialized in 1995 when BSW was legally approved as a drinking water. To further promote utilization of various types of NMW in Korea, regulations and policies for NMW need to be revised in accordance with international NMW management trends. Further, studies of NMW that compile a comprehensive set of physical and chemical parameters of NMW are also needed to properly understand occurrences, hydrogeological and geochemical processes of NMW, as well as to evaluate its potential use as a natural resource.

• Proceedings of the Korean Environmental Health Society Conference
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• 2005.06a
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• pp.263-272
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• 2005

Chlorine disinfection has been used in drinking water supply to disinfect the water-borne microbial disease which may cause to serious human disease. it is still the least costly, relatively easy to use, Chlorination is the primary means to disinfect portable water supplies and control bacterial growth in the distribution system. However, chlorine reacts with natural organic matter(NOM), that presents in nearly all water sources, and then produces disinfection by-products(DBPs), that have adverse health effects. Although the existent DBPs have been reported in drinking water supplies, it is not feasible to predict the levels of the various DBPs due to the complex chemistry reaction involved. 1. The objectives of this study is to investigate seasonal variation difference concentration of DBPs in the plant to tap water. The average concentration of THMs was 20.04 ${\mu}g/{\ell}$ , HAAs 8-15 ${\mu}g/{\ell}$ , HANs 2-4.5 ${\mu}g/{\ell}$ respectively. 2. Distant variation of DBPs furmation by the distance is that THMs concentration increased by 17% at 2km point from the plant and by 28% at 7km and HAAs, HANs also increase each by 16%, 32% at 2 km from the plant and 35%, 56% at 7 km. DBPs increase in water supply pipe continually, 3. The seasonal occurrence of BBPs is that in May and August DBPs concentration is very higher than in march, in May DBPs concentration is highest. The temperature is main factor of DBPs formation, precursor also. 4. Precursor which was accumulated for winter flowed into the raw water by flooding in spring and summer and produced DBPs. 5. Therefore for the supply of secure drinking water, it is required to protect precursor of flowing into raw water and to add to BCAA and DBAA to drinking water standards.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2008.05a
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• pp.1438-1441
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• 2008

Throughout the history, the people of Iran have battled the dryness by innovations to preserve every drop of water that lands from the rare clouds, or from a stream flowing out of distant springs. Water is precious and held with highest respect, whether stored for drinking at an Ab-Anbar, or for washing and farming at the Houz in the middle of their oasis homes and orchards, or sourced at a Qanat spring or Jooy under ground. How it is that drinking water as cold as a mountain fall is found in desert of Iran? Ab-Anbar is an ancient means of water preservation and cooling through anunderground building structure. These underground structures have been present in Khorasan and other desert provinces of Iran as public or private water storage facilities, widely used before the installation of public plumbing systems in the late 1950s. Although many of these structures are still functional, most have been protected by government for restoration or viewing by the public as historical heritage. Khorasan natural dry climate and the massive surrounding deserts have been a breeding ground for many designs of Ab-Anbars. Today the existing number of such facilities stands in the province of Khorasan. Usually these structures were built in populated areas, also there are some forms of such structures on old trade routes and roadways leading to and from populated towns. This paper considers the history of Ab-Anbars in Khorasan as well as other relevant aspects such as types, components, construction methods and materials, filling and withdrawal systems.

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.35 no.3
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• pp.213-219
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• 2013

We have investigated the correlation between odorous compounds and actinomycetes in drinking water source of Nakdong River in 2011. Geosmin was mainly detected in the spring and summer seasons (Mar, Aug, and Sep) and 2-MIB was mainly detected in the winter and spring seasons (Feb, Mar and May). The odorous compounds concentrations were highest on March which also overlapped with the peak of actinomycetes, geosmin and 2-MIB were detected highly in the diluted culture solution of isolated actinomycetes strains from Nakdong River. For these reasons we could confirm that odorous compounds on March and August are closely related with actinomycetes. Meanwhile, geosmin increase on September supposed to relate with Microcystis.

• The Transactions of the Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers P
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• v.59 no.4
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• pp.411-416
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• 2010

Interest in application of ultraviolet light technology for primary disinfection of potable water in drinking water treatment plants has increased significantly in recent years. The efficacy of disinfection processes in water purification systems is governed by several key factors, including reactor hydraulics, disinfectant chemistry, and microbial inactivation kinetics. The objective of this work was to develop a computational fluid dynamics(CFD) model to predict velocity fields, mass transport, chlorine decay, and microbial inactivation in a continuous flow reactor. In this paper, It describe the how to design optimal UV disinfection device for ground water, BWT and rainwater. Spring shape instrument silver coated located in inner side of disinfection chamber. It make lead the active flowing movement target water and maximize disinfection performance. To search the optimal design method, it was performed computer simulation with 3D-CFD discrete ordinates model and manufactured prototype. Using proposed design method, performed simulation and proved satisfied performance.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.36-40
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• 2006

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of hot spring water against the survival of food-borne and pathogenic microorganisms. Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus cereus, and Escherichia coli, which are food-borne microorganisms, Candida albicans and Trichophyton mentagrophytes, which are skin disease pathogens, and Helicobacter pylori, gastritis inducing microorganism, were tested. The content of fluoride in tested hot spring water is 14.1 mg/L, which is higher than the standard of safe for drinking water 1.5 mg/L, but the results on 48 other items were up to the standard. Hot spring water didn't show the bactericidal effects against food-borne microorganisms, C. albicans, and H. pylori tested. However, the viable cell populations of B. cereus and T. mentagrophytes were decreased, which were depends on the temperature of hot spring water. From these results, we confirmed that hot spring water didn't show the bactericidal effects against food-borne microorganisms, skin disease pathogens, and gastritis inducing microorganism, but the growth of some microorganisms were inhibited by high temperature ($41^{\circ}C$).

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.27-34
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• 1991

This study was carried out to investigate the use habit of drinking water. The survey data were collected from 1,282 of students and 175 of officers from September 1990 to June 1991 in Pusan city and the South of Kyung sang-do. The use rate of tap water among respondents was 33.5%, and the reasons that the others avoid using tap water were having the risk of heavy metals contamination and unsanitary. The 80% of respondents have drunk spring water or bottled water within two or three years. The keeping method of them were 53% in the refrigerator, and 33% in the indoor. The use rate of water vessels what were equipped in mineral springs was 85%. It's advisable that the picking of mineral water be cautious within two or three days after rain. The holding rate of water purifier in respondents was about 20%, and it was purchased within one or two years and the reliance degree of that in users was below 50%.

• Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.415-422
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• 2008

Drinking water treatment is enhanced by coagulant dosages and chlorine injection because of pH increase in raw water in droughty seasons such as spring and fall. But water quality deterioration is occurred by increase in residual aluminium and disinfection by-products. Coagulation process can be used to control natural organic matter (NOM) during water treatment. The effect of coagulation process appeared to depend on the pH of water rather than coagulant dosages. In this study, for water treatment in high pH season $H_2SO_4$ was applied for pH adjustment at full scale. Before and after pH adjustment by $H_2SO_4$ injection, water quality of drinking water was evaluate. In the result of investigation of total organic carbon (TOC) removal in high pH season, TOC was removed approximately 30~40%, which showed decrease in water treatment efficiency. Also, it is increased both particle numbers and residual Al concentration in the water. After $H_2SO_4$ injection for adjustment to pH<7.5 in settled water, treated water turbidity decreased in 0.047 NTU from 0.059 NTU, and particle numbers of filtered water decreased in 20/mL from 90/mL. On the other side, TOC removal efficiency increased in approximately 10% after adjustment of pH. In the result of decrease in pH in raw water through more coagulants and prechlorine without $H_2SO_4$ injection, trihalomethanes (THMs) concentration increased in $16{\mu}g/L$ from $8{\mu}g/L$.