• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.48-60
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• 1999

This study was done to determine the factors influencing smoking-cessation behavior in female university students. A total of 534 students participated in this cross sectional study by answering a questionnaire. The data collection was done between September 1 and October 31, 1997 The measurement tools used in this study were the self help change process scale (Cronbach's alpha＝.9930 : developed by Oh & Kim, 1996) for smoking-cessation behaviors, the self efficacy scale(Cronbach's alpha＝.8250 : developed by Sherer et al, 1982), the sex role acceptance scale (KR－20＝.7757 : developed by Kim, 1991) and the social support scale(Cronbach's alpha＝.9172 : developed by Park, 1985). The summarized results are follows : 1. The mean scores for smoking-cessation behaviors in smokers (N＝150) was 91.72 that was considered a middle score compared to the total possible score of measurement tool (150.0). The mean score for smoking-cessation behaviors by smoking-cessation step showed significant different between the groups(F＝11.71, p＝.000). 2. The group with no experience in smoking(N＝332) showed a high general self efficacy score (t＝5.24, p＝.000), and more openness to sex role acceptance(t＝-2.15, p＝.032) compared to the group with smoking experience (N＝202). 3. General self efficacy, sex role acceptance, and social support were not different significantly between the groups according to the steps in smoking-cessation. 4. Significant factors influencing smoking-cessation behavior (total, sub concepts) were religion, sex role acceptance, social support, smoking duration, smoking attitude, time of smoking onset, amount of smoking, drinking, and perception of health status. 5. Smoking-cessation behaviors which explained 11% of the variance were smoking attitude, and smoking duration. In conclusion, this study identified factors influencing smoking-cessation behavior. Thereby it will help in the development of smoking-cessation intervention strategies. For future research, exploration other determinants of smoking cessation behaviors, evaluation of intervention efficiency, and comparative study by gender characteristics are needed.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare Studies
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• no.39
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• pp.57-81
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• 2008

Motivation has been identified as an important factor predicting long-term outcomes of alcohol abuse treatment. Whether a patient agreed on his/her inpatient treatment at time of hospitalization could be an indicator of their motivation for treatment. This study focused on this aspect of treatment motivation and examined whether this factor predicts post-discharge abstinence. A sample of 145 individuals who were hospitalized for alcohol abuse treatment participated in the baseline data collection, of which only 66 successfully completed the 8 month follow-up telephone interview. The findings of survival analysis suggest that voluntarily admitted individuals had significantly longer duration of post-discharge abstinence compared to their counterparts. A Cox proportional hazards regression model revealed that voluntary admission and family support were significant predictors for post-discharge relapse of drinking, after controlling for the effects of marital status, living alone, and working status. Implications for social work practice are discussed.

• Journal of the Korean Dietetic Association
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.67-85
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• 2005

The study aimed to perform the qualitative analysis of food and nutrition informations offered in TV program by monitoring newscastings, health-related programs giving food and nutrition information, dramas for family, education programs for children, and information programs for elderly in major TV broadcasting station(KBS, MBC, SBS, EBS). In this study, statistical analysis were done for numbers of information items related to health or food and nutrition informations. Duration of program the main, subject, sources, evaluation criteria of the contents. Results of qualitative monitoring for TV program are as follows. For health-related informations major propotions of subjects for the newscastings were about diseases. Those for health information programs were about foods. Those for children-education programs were about groceries. Those for seniors’ information programs were about eating habits. The analysis of food and nutrition information sources for most of programs were interviews with specialist and normal person, and on-the-spot-investingations. For food and nutrition informations those were evaluated as inappropriate, the propotion of news was increased to 72.2% in 2003 from 49.3% in 2002. For health information programs, it was increased to 67.7% in 2003 from 54.0% in 2002. But, in drama the propotion of inappropriate scenes were decreased to 16.2% in 2003 from 63.2% in 2002. In children-education programs, it was 40.0%. In seniors’ information programs, it was 17.9% in 2002. The propotion of cases that the quantity of foods is inappropriate in the food scene of serial drama, decreased to 15.8% in 2003 from 28.6% in 2002. The rate of drinking scenes increased to 11.5% from 10.7%. The rate of smoking scenes decreased to 0.2% from 1.6% due to the broadcasting self-regulation of smoking scenes in dramas. In the newscatings and information programs, reasons of being evaluated as inappropriate was that they didn’t have any practical suggestions and proper intakes. There were also insufficient explanation for technical terminology, different comparison standard of nutritive value, and exaggeration for physiological effect of food. The drama contained a lot of unnecessary scenes of alcohol drinking, coffee drinking, midnight meal, and had more quantity of foods than the quantity needed for persons to the scene. As the result of this study, the rate of food and nutrition information were high, but the rate of information which was evaluate as appropriate was not sufficient. There are need to improve contents of information and to moniter the contents for consumer.

• Journal of Oriental Neuropsychiatry
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.143-169
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• 2008

Objective: This study was to investigate the relation of what insomnia patients' symptoms with Heart Rate Variability(HRV), Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and Insomnia Questionaire(IQ). Methods: For this study, we carried out HRV, PSQI and IQ of 43 patients with insomnia who have come to Donguei oriental hospital of Donguei university from September 2007 to May 2008. We studied the relationship HRV with PSQI and IQ. For every symptom, this study classified the patients as none-symptom, symptom groups and analyzed each group's HRV, PSQI and IQ. Result : 1. The rate of xerostomia in female group is significantly higher than male group. 2. P1 (hypnagogic time), P3(awakening time), LF has negative correlation with age. The score of PI (hypnagogic time), P3(awakening time), P4(time of recoverable sleep) in the group whose age is more than 50 are higher than the group whose age is lesser than 50. 3. The frequency of using hypnotics(P6) in the group whose duration of onset are over 1 year was significantly higher than the score in the group whose duration of onset were below 1 year. 4. The accompanied symptoms in the group who started sleep disorder after stressor are higher than the number in the group whose duration of onset were poor-defined. 5. The drinking group have lower rate of anorexia, higher score of P1 (hypnagogic time) and TP than non-drinking group. 6. The score of P-total(general quality of sleep) have negative correlation with NNSO, HF, TP and positive correlation with LF/HF. 7. The score of P1(hypnagogic time) have negative correlation with LF. 8. The score of P5a(frequency of delayed hypnagogue) have positive correlation with LF/HF. 9. The score of P5e(frequency of cough or snoring) have negative correlation with RMSSD. 10. The score of I1a(degree of onset insomnia), I1b(degree of maintenance insomnia) have negative correlation with NN50, pNN50, HF. 11. The score of I1c(degree of termination insomnia) have negative correlation with RMSSD, NN50, pNN50, HF, TP and positive correlation with MHR, LF/HF. 12.. The score of P5i(frequency of night pain), LF/HF in the group with headache are higher than the group without headache. 13. The score of P5a(frequency of delayed hypnagogue), P5c(frequency of awakening for urine of stool) in the group with xerostomia are higher than the group without xerostomia. 14. The score of P9(degree of unrecoverable sleep) and I5a(degree of onset insomnia) in the group with chest discomfort are lower than the group without chest discomfort. 15. The score of P7(frequency of drowsiness for daytime) in the group with palpitation are lower than the group without palpitation. 16. The score of P5c(frequency of awakening for urine of stool), P5f(frequency of burning sensation), P5h(frequency of nightmare), I1c(degree of termination insomnia) in the group with burning sensation of upper trunk are higher than the group without burning sensation. 17. The score of NN50, pNN50, LF, TP in the group with anorexia are lower than the group without anorexia. 18. The score of P-total(general quality of sleep), P2(duration for sleep start) in the group with constipation are higher than the group without constipation. 19. The score of P4(recoverable sleep time) in the group with depression are higher than the group without depression. 20. In the group with anxiety, the score of P1(time of hypnagogue), P5a(frequency of onset insomnia) are lower and the score of I1b(degree of maintenance insomnia), I4(objective degree of impairment by insomnia) are higher than the group without anxiety. 21. The score of NN50, pNN50, HF, TP in the group with inertia are lower than the group without inertia. 22. The accompanied symptoms haver posirive correlation with P5f(frequency of burning sensation), P5h(frequency of nightmare), P5i(frequency of night pain) and LF/HF. Conclusion: This study provides insights into the complicated relations of the pattern of sleep disorder with many symptoms such as headache, chest discomfort, depression and any others. And this study showed that autonomic nervous system have important function in the regulation of sleep.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.35 no.3
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• pp.332-351
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• 2002

The purpose of this study was to investigate effect of living condition and aging on food intake in Korea. 98 free-meal receivers and 81 members in well-being center for the aged were asked about their food frequency and food consumption and their socioeconomic status by a questionnaire. All data were analyzed by SPSS (Statistical Packages for the Social Sciences) 10.0 program. There were statistical differences of living condition, marital status, former job and teeth status between free-meal receivers and people with stable lives. Moreover, all age groups of free-meal receivers had lower income, living expenses, educational period and frequency of physical activity than those of people with stable lives. But smoking and drinking was much higher in free-meal receivers. Arthritis was the most prevalent disease in both groups. And free-meal receivers had higher blood pressure and lower Body Mass Index than people with stable lives. Food consumption of free-meal receivers was definitely lower than that of people with stable lives in terms of food frequency and standard amount of food eaten. But noodles, bean sprouts and eggs were very important foods for free-meal receives. Food consumption of the aged was affected by age, educational period, income, blood pressure, duration after retirement, frequency of physical activity and Body Mass Index. Therefore, as various socioeconomic status affects on food intakes of the aged, more effective and practical nutritional programs which consider the receivers'socioeconomic status are needed for the nutritionally at-risk groups like the aging free-meal receivers.

• Journal of Korean Society of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.94-101
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• 2010

This study was performed to examine the asymmetry of hearing loss among the noise exposed male workers. Findings of otoscopic examination, pure tone audiometry and tympanometry were evaluated for 179 male workers working in the noise exposed workplace. And also selfadministered structured questionnaires were used for each worker's work-related and general characteristics including personal health behaviors. There were significant differences of hearing threshold between right and left ears at 1,000 Hz and 3,000 Hz(p<0.05). And also significant differences of hearing threshold were noted in the age group over 50 at 3,000 Hz, the high risk drinking group either at 3,000 Hz and 4,000 Hz, the work duration group 10-19 years at 3,000 Hz, the noise exposure group under 90 dB(A) at 3,000 Hz, the noise exposure group over 90 dB(A) at 1,000 Hz, the non-wearing protective device group at 4,000 Hz, and the wearing protective device group at 3,000 Hz(p<0.05). Further study is needed to explore the extent and the related factors of the asymmetry of hearing loss in the general population and occupationally noise exposed group.

• Journal of Korean Society of Water and Wastewater
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.93-103
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• 2008

This study was conducted to optimize a unidirectional flushing program in distribution pipes by analysis of water pressure, velocity, quality, and other parameters during flushing. As a result, correlation coefficient between flushed pipe length and the flushing duration was obtained $R^2=0.83$ and the equation $Y_{Time}=0.0571{\cdot}X_{Pipe\;length}+4.7648$ for 10 pipes. The averaged flushing velocity in the pipes, 1.1 m/s, was enough to remove loose deposits on the inner wall of the pipes. 3 of 92 water samples taken during flushing met the National Drinking Water Quality Standard for Fe and Mn, but not for Al. Turbidity less than 1 NTU is suggested for the appropriate criteria to finish flushing in pipes. The coefficient of determination ($R^2$) between turbidity and TSS was 0.95 and the equation was induced as $Y_{TSS}=1.2068{\cdot}X_{Turbidity}$. The amount of removed deposits could be estimated from the turbidity data of discharged water in field because turbidity and TSS in the discharged water is highly correlated.

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.32 no.5
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• pp.461-468
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• 2010

This study investigated variation of rainwater quality by seasonal and storage duration of rainwater in Changwon city. Seasonally, the pollutants concentration of rainwater were higher in spring and winter. In the case of rainwater and storage rainwater quality, pH of rainwater was 4.3, storage rainwaters were 6.0 and Turbidity increased about 8 times from 1.82 NTU to 14.61 NTU. The changes of storage water quality during the storage period, initial KMnO4 consumption rainwater was exceeded drinking water standard. Total solid in rainwater was detected as 116 mg/L, it tended to stable at around 70∼80mg/L after storage period for a 6day.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.78-87
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• 1993

The accumulations of mercury, lactate dehydrogenase and antioxidant enzymes activities of which are glutathione peroxidase, catalase and superoxide dismutase, and pathological changes were investigated in liver and kidney of mice which were fed the water supplemented with two levels (0.5 mM and 1.0 mM) of mercury chloride (HgCl$_2$). During the mercury feeding, the weight gain of mice in experimental groups was less than that of control group mice, while no overt signs related to mercury toxicity were noted in any experimental groups. Mercury concentrations in liver and kidney increased significantly in the early period (1~2 weeks) after mercury administration, which were measured as high as 100 times in liver and kidney in comparison to those of the control groups, but there were relatively stable for the levels of accumulation in following periods. The lactate dehydrogenase activities in liver and kidney were relatively increased in the period of 2~3 weeks of mercury administration in the experimental groups, there were normal levels in other periods of administration without the dose-dependencies. The glutathione peroxidase activities were not affected by the dosages of mercury chloride and the duration of ingestion. But the catalase activities significantly increased in 2~3 weeks after ingestion, and the superoxide dismutase activities of kidney also showed a peak in 3 weeks of ingestion while this peak was not found in the results measured in liver tissues.

• Journal of Korean Public Health Nursing
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.84-96
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• 2017

Purpose: Vitamin D is a fundamental element for bone metabolism. Recently vitamin D deficiency has been implicated in various diseases such as a cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and cancers. The aim of this study was to identify the risk factors associated with serum vitamin D deficiency among women office workers. Methods: We selected 369 women office workers using the secondary data of the 5th National Health & Nutrition Examination Survey 2010-2012. Data was analyzed by logistic regression of complex sampling design. Results: Women office workers with vitamin D deficiency, defined serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentration < 10ng/mL, were 12.5%. The risk factors for vitamin D deficiency were 20s aged group, married state and more than 40 working hours a week. The risk of vitamin D deficiency was decreased in those with alcohol drinking 1 to 4 times a month. The education level, income, region, smoking, physical activity and sun exposure time did not affect the risk of vitamin D deficiency significantly. Conclusion: Development of vitamin D deficiency prevention educational programs are required for women office workers who more than 40 hours a week in 20s. It should be considered health education including sun exposure duration and behavior.