• Korean Journal of Clinical Laboratory Science
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• v.54 no.4
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• pp.307-315
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• 2022

Since attaining middle age, many patients suffer from the post-micturition dribble (PMD) syndrome but do not receive proper treatment. This is because the etiology and treatment mechanisms of PMD differ from conventional lower urinary tract symptoms. Several pathophysiologies have been proposed, but the mechanisms we observed are the weakening of the bulbocavernosus muscle and dilation of the urethra due to atrophy of the cavernosal tissue. This study investigates the mechanism of PMD by observing anatomical changes in the corpus cavernosum and urethra. SD male rats were categorized by age into the young rats group (8 weeks old) and the old rats group (24 months or more). The ratio area of the bulbous urethra and corpus cavernosum to the total penis was statistically significant between both groups (P<0.05). Significant differences were obtained between the two groups for restored smooth muscle contents and several other parameters related to PMD mechanisms (nNOS, α-SMA) (P<0.05). The changes in size and parameters of the urethra and corpus cavernosum in young and old rats were confirmed. The results from this study are expected to contribute to the study of PMD in the future.

• Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.181-185
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• 2018

Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of types of drive-in initial steps in basketball on technical factors, to provide basic information for the enhancement of basketball skill. Method: Ten men (age: $24.70{\pm}2.26years$; height: $181.00{\pm}5.72cm$; weight: $75.70{\pm}8.23kg$; career length: $10.00{\pm}3.59years$), each with a career length of over five years and no history of injury to the lower extremities within the prior six months, participated in this study. They were asked to perform four types of drive-in movements at $35{\sim}60^{\circ}$, wearing their own shoes, after running from a start line 5 m away and catching a basketball passed by an expert passer. The drive-in movements were measured by eight infrared cameras (Oqus 300, Qualisys, Sweden). Collected raw data were used to calculate total initial step time, displacement, velocity, center of mass (COM) height, and COM velocity. Results: Total initial step displacement and velocity of cross drive-ins (JC, SC) were greater than that of direct drive-ins (JD, SD; p < .05). COM velocity of cross drive-ins (JC, SC) was also greater than that of direct drive-ins (JD, SD; p < .05). Conclusion: Our results indicated that cross drive-ins, regardless of stop step type, are more effective than direct drive-ins. This is because cross drive-ins are technically bold due to less influence from walking violations and double dribble rules in basketball. However, using one-sided movement is too difficult to play in competitive game; therefore, basketball players should develop the ability to choose appropriate movement frequency.

• Proceedings of the IEEK Conference
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• 2000.07b
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• pp.727-730
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• 2000

Recently, RoboCup soccer simulation has been regarded as a good benchmark problem for multiagent researches. Soccer agents have to make decision based on visual and auditory information, which are sent from the soccer server. In order to develop a strong team, we have to design decision-making process of each player agent. However, it is very difficult for us to design the decision-making processes in detail, because we don't know what actions of each player are effective for the team. In this paper, we attempt to apply co-evolutionary method, which is one type of analogies of evolution, to improve the team play. Agents have hand coded basic skills, which include dribble, shoot, pass etc. Agents already can play autonomously and independently. Individual agent skills are characterized by some parameters. By coevolving teams with these parameters, we obtained relatively interesting teams, in which players behave cooperatively in order to win the soccer game. From some experiments, we discuss what teams are evolved.

• Proceedings of the Korea Information Processing Society Conference
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• 2015.10a
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• pp.1372-1374
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• 2015

본 논문에서는 농구 경기에서의 대표적 자세 중 Standing shoot, Jump shoot, Pass, Dribble, Lay-up shoot, 총 5가지 자세를 인식하기 위해 각 자세와 3축 가속도 값과의 상관관계를 보여주고 있다. 스마트폰에 내장되어 있는 가속도 센서로부터 데이터를 생성해주는 어플리케이션인 Sensor log를 활용하여 얻은 3축 가속도 값으로 수직, 수평축과 3축 가속도의 크기를 구해 Instance로 사용하였다. 위 데이터는 대표적인 데이터 마이닝 도구인 Weka tool을 이용하여 각 모션과 데이터 값의 상관관계를 확인하였고, 실험 결과 10-fold에서 평균 59.8%를 보였으나 Training set과 Test set의 결과 80.8%를 보였다.

• Journal of Korean Physical Therapy Science
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.919-927
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• 1996

Recently sports injuries are increasing due to the development of sports leisure industries as well as the increase of exercising population, and the study for sports injuries is needed more than before. Then the author studied the reasons for injuries, incidence rate, sites and sorts of sports injuries for the middle and high school football players during one year period from Jan. to Dec. 1994. The study subjects were 319 middle and high school players in Pusan and the method was questionnaire method. The results were as follows; 1. The average injury rate due to football play was 3.3 times per person for the 319 subjects during the last one year, and it was highest in goalkeeper as 4.6 times by position. 2. 68 % of the subjects did not receive periodic health examination, 74.9 % wore body protectors. The sports injuries due to football play occurred most commonly in soil play-ground(79.6 %), during training(52.3 %), and in winter time(33.7 %). 3. The commonly occurred injuries by motion were coalition(39.2 %), tackle(12.9 %), dribble (11.4 %) in order; those by sorts were contusion(34.4 %), sprain (32.9 %), spasm(9.0 %) ; and those by body portions lower extremities(82 %), trunk(17.6 %), upper extremities(12.5 %). 4. The frequently used treatment area was home care as in 42.7 % ; treatment methods were physical therapy, acupuncture/moxacautery, rest, operation in order; choices of treatment method were recommendation by coach/manager, and that by medical professional was the lowest as in 2.2 %. 5. If sports injury occurred during play, coach or manager let the players take rest in 56.2 %, but emergent management by medical professional was done only in 1.9 %. The return to play was decided mostly by the player himself(52.8 %), but that decided by a doctor was only in 1.0 %. In conclusion, to lessen the sports injuries due to football play, annual physical check-up, strengthening of play rules, improvement of playground, conditioning exercise, regulation of body protectors, and preventive training for expected injuries behaviors should be done and the decision to return to play and emergent management should be done by a medical professional as well. Football player, sports injury, injured body portions, sorts of injury, treatment method.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.171-183
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• 1998

The purpose of this study was to identify the incidence of urinary incontinence in adult women and to identify factors related to life style and sexual intercourse that were related to incontinence. The sample consisted of 1,065 women living in Seoul or one of five provinces. Data for this study were collected from January 16 to June 23 using structured questionnaires. The Urinary Symptom Questionnaire developed by Jackson and a demographic questionnaire were used to collect the data. The data were analyzed using frequency, percentage with an SPSS/PC$^{+}$ program. The major finding are as follows : 1. The distribution of age of subjects was as follows : 20-29(10.1%), 20-39(17.8%), 40-49(27.3%). 50-59(22.3%), 60-69(12.9%), 70-79(6.1%). 80-89(2.8%), more than 90(0.6%). The frequency of normal delivery, 0(155%), 1-2(36.0%), 3-4(29.2%), 5-6(13.0%). more than 7(6.3%). The rate of subjects with menopause was 40.8%. 2. It was reported that 50.7% of the subjects experienced urinary incontinence with stress, mixed. and urgency incontinence being 49.8%, 43.4%, 6.8% respectively. 3. The lower urinary symptoms and incidence with urinary incontinence were as follows : Daily frequency. 22.3%, nocturia. 40.8%, urgency, 71.2%, bladder pain 47.8%, unexplainned incontinence, 32.4%, noctural incontinence, 16.1%, and frequency of incontinence, 37.7%. In term of quantity of incontinence, drop/pants damp, 29.5%, dribble/pants wet, 20.5%, flood or soaking through to outer clothing, 1.7%, and flood or running down legs or onto floor, 0.2%. 4. The symptoms related to sexual intercourse and incidence of urinary incontinence were as follows : dry vagina, 39.1%, sex life trouble, 10.8%, pain during sexual intercourse, 27.4%, and urine leakage during sexual intercourse. 8.8%. 5. Life style problems related to urinary incontinence were as follows : fluid intake restriction, 20.0%, affected daily task, 24.5%. avoidance of placess and situations, 35.0%, interference in physical activities, 30.6%, interference in relationships with other people. 19.0%. interference in relationships with husband/companion, 8.1%, and time after attack of urinary symptoms, 76.9%. In term of the feeling about the rest of their lifves the women reported : perfectly happy, 11.3%. pleased, 16.9%. mostly satisfied, 20.2%, mixed feelings, 21.0%, mostly dissatisfied, 21.0%, very unhappy 8.5%, and desperate. 1.0%. In conclusion. this study was a preliminary study to provide nursing practices guidelines for incontinence in adult women. Nurse working with adult women should develop and provide adequate care for these women.n.