• Management & Information Systems Review
• /
• v.35 no.4
• /
• pp.229-250
• /
• 2016

This research was conducted to examine the effects of cognitive and emotional empathy amongst employees, and its contribution to the enhancement of the effectiveness of an organization. Further, 'job stress' was used as the moderating value. For this purpose, examination procedures were based on theoretical ground drawn from previous research papers, and an appropriate hypothesis established. Statistical methods were also employed to obtain empirical evidence. This study consisted of four variables. The independent variable is categorised into the factors of cognitive and emotional empathy. Job stress as the moderating value as well as job satisfaction and turnover intention as members of the dependent variable. A survey was carried out targeting employees of numerous firms working in teams, and a total of 324 samples were collected and processed by the software package SPSS 21 for windows as a means to verify the set study model and hypothesis. The results of the study are as follows: The two factor of cognitive and emotional empathy did not present with any significant effects. However, cognitive empathy in relation to job stress was found to inflict negative effects. The study also found the two factors to play a significant role in asserting positive effects on an individual's level of satisfaction on his/her job. While the study further explained that cognitive understanding had the tendency to impose negative effects on the turnover intention, emotional empathy did not demonstrate significant effects. Job related stress negatively effects the level of satisfaction of an individual's given task or a job and positive relation with turnover intention. It was confirmed that job stress had a degree of intermediary role upon other factors such as empathy, job satisfaction and turnover intention. The results of the study purported that empathy can raise the level of an individual's job satisfaction and kerb turnover intention. In order to accomplish depreciated levels of job related stress, it is vital that firms consistently input fervent endeavours to be subserved. It must be able to create an environment wherein employees may enjoy the improved structure of the company to empathies with each other. These transitions would allow firms to achieve maximum efficiency and improvements on the effectiveness of an organization.

• KEPCO Journal on Electric Power and Energy
• /
• v.1 no.1
• /
• pp.181-188
• /
• 2015

The non-contact permanent magnet gear has advantages of high efficiency and improved reliability. It has other advantages of no mechanical friction loss, very little noise and vibration, and no need for lubricant. With these advantages, the non-contact permanent magnet gear that solves the physical contact problem of the mechanical gear has drawn attention. Due to this unique non-contact characteristic, the non-contact permanent magnet gear which is capable of non-contact torque transmission has replaced mechanical gear. The mechanical gears which is in many fields of the modern industry, is used mostly for power transmitting mechanical devices. However, it also has the problem of a low torque density, which requires improvement. In this paper, a novel pole piece shape is proposed in order to improve the problem of low torque density of the non-contact permanent magnet gear. The experiment data required for predicting the relationships among them are obtained using finiteelement Operating method based on two-dimensional (2-D) numerical analysis. Therefore, this paper derived an optimal model for thenon-contact permanent magnet gear with the novel pole piece using the Box-Behnken design, and the validity of the optimal design of the proposed pole piece shape through variance analysis and regression analysis demonstrated. In this paper, we performed the thransfer torque analysis in order to improve the torque density and power density, we have performed on optimal design of proposed pole piece shape using box-behnken.

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
• /
• v.35 no.10
• /
• pp.710-716
• /
• 2013

New and renewable energy sources have drawn attention because of climate change. Many studies have been carried out in waste-to-energy field. Fast pyrolysis of waste lignocelluosic biomass is one of the waste-to-energy technologies. Bubbling fluidized bed (BFB) reactor is widely used for fast pyrolysis of the biomass. In BFB pyrolyzer, bubble behavior influences on the chemical reaction. Accordingly, in the present study, hydrodynamic characteristics and fast pyrolysis reaction of waste lignocellulosic biomass occurring in a BFB pyrolyzer are scrutinized. The computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation of the fast pyrolysis reactor is carried out by using Eulerian-Granular approach. And two-stage semi-global kinetics is applied for modeling the fast pyrolysis reaction of waste lignocellulosic biomass. To summarize, generation and ascendant motion of bubbles in the bed affect particle behavior. Thus biomass particles are well mixed with hot sand and consequent rapid heat transfer occurs from sand to biomass particles. As a result, primary reaction is observed throughout the bed. And reaction rate of tar formation is the highest. Consequently, tar accounts for 66wt.% of the product gas. However, secondary reaction occurs mostly in the freeboard. Therefore, it is considered that bubble behavior and particle motions hardly influences on the secondary reaction.

• Journal of Broadcast Engineering
• /
• v.15 no.1
• /
• pp.63-75
• /
• 2010

In this paper, the equalizer techniques that is able to adopt the digital on-channel repeater for 8VSB-based DTV system has been analyzed and we propose an effective equalizer structure which can reduce the error propagation phenomenon by the feedback signal and improve the receiver performance at the same time. In order to confirm the effective cancellation of the feedback signal, the multi-level Correlation LMS scheme is proposed through the analysis of conventional basic LMS based DFE and Correlation LMS algorithm and as compared with the conventional method, we can confirm the reduction of error propagation. When performing the computer simulation, as the Brazil channel model which is very popular for DTV broadcasting system is adopted, the result is drawn by comparing and analysing the equalizer algorithm. We have examine the symbol error rate which is in the range of 15~25dB of operation receipt SNR and MSE(Mean Square Error) in the DTV broadcasting system. As a result of comparing with the existing method, the signal-noise ratio which is necessary for maintain the bit error correction ability that the means of proposal is same is reduced by about 2~5dB, and in the rate of convergence through the MSE, we found the reduction of needed time.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
• /
• v.18 no.1
• /
• pp.1-26
• /
• 1993

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of acid etching on the surface appearance and fracture toughness of five glass ionomer cements. Five kinds of commercially available glass ionomer cements including chemical curing filling type, chemical curing lining type, chemical curing metal reinforced type, light curing tilling type and light curing lining type were used for this study. The specimens for SEM study were fabricated by treating each glass ionomer cement with either visible light curing or self curing after being inserted into a rubber mold (diameter 4mm, depth 1mm). Some of the specimens were etched with 37% phosphoric acid for 0, 15, 30, 60, go seconds, at 5 minutes, 1 hour and 1 day after mixing of powder and liquid. Unetched ones comprised the control group and the others were the experimental groups. The surface texture was examined by using scanning electron microscope at 20 kV. (S-2300, Hitachi Co., Japan). The specimens for fracture toughness were fabricated by curing of each glass ionomer cement previously inserted into a metal mold for the single edge notch specimen according to the ASTME399. They were subjected to a three-point bend test after etching for 0, 30, 60, and 90 seconds at 5 minutes-, 1 hour-and 1 day-lapse after the fabrication of the specimens. The plane strain fracture toughness ($K_{IC}$) was determined by three-point bend test which was conducted with cross-head speed of 0.5 mm/min using Instron universal testing machine (Model No. 1122) following seven days storage of the etched specimens under $37^{\circ}C$, 100% humidity condition. Following conclusions were drawn. 1. In unetched control group, crack was present, but the surface was generally smooth. 2. Deterioration of the surface appearance such as serious dissolving of gel matrix and loss of glass particles occured as the etching time was increased beyond 15 s following Immediate etching of chemical curing type of glass ionomer cements. 3. Etching after 1 h, and 1 d reduced surface damage, 15 s, and 30s etch gave rough surface appearance without loss of glass particle of chemical curing type of glass ionomer cements. 4. Light curing type glass ionomer cement was etched by acid, but there was no difference in surface appearances according to various waiting periods. 5. It was found that the value of plane stram fracture toughness of glass ionomer cements was highest in the light curing filling type as $1.79\;MNm^{-1.5}$ followed by the light curing lining type, chemical curing metal reinforced type, chemical curing filling type and chemical curing lining type. 6. The value of plane stram fracture toughness of the chemical curing lining type glass ionomer cement etched after 5 minutes was lower than those of the cement etched after 1 hour or day or unetched (P < 0.05). 7. Light curing glass ionomer cement showed Irregular fractured surface and chemical curing cement showed smooth fractured surface.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
• /
• v.17 no.10
• /
• pp.319-330
• /
• 2016

Recently, 3D printing technology has been applied to make a concept model and working mockup of an industrial application. On the other hand, this technology has limited applications in industrial products due to the materials and reliability of the 3D printed product. In this study, the components of a full cord switch module are proposed as a case of a 3D printed component that can be used as a substitute for a short period. These are hub-driven and lever lockup components that have the structural characteristics of breaking down frequently in the emergency operating status. To ensure the structural strength for a substitute period, research of structure optimization was performed because 3D printing technology has a limitation in the materials used. After optimizing the structure variables of the hub-driven component, reasonable results can be drawn in that the safety factors of the left and right switching mode are 1.243 (${\Delta}153.67%$) and 3.156 (${\Delta}404.96%$). The lever lockup component has a structural weak point that can break down easily on the lockup-part because of a cantilever shape and bending moment. The rib structure was applied to decrease the deflection. In addition, optimization of the structural variables was performed, showing a safety factor of 7.52(${\Delta}26%$).

• Journal of Distribution Science
• /
• v.14 no.4
• /
• pp.111-116
• /
• 2016

Purpose - A lot of preceeding studies have focused on the pains that might be felt in spending money, that is an important role in getting psychological safety. Money and social resources can be all for consumers, and they are likely to form a substituting relationship with one another. Being motivated by the idea that spending money for others can come with joy if one's objective is accomplished by social support, this paper aimed to explore the mediating role of the perceived money importance and gratitude in the relationship between social support and pleasure in spending for other-gift. Research Design, Data, and Methodology - In this empirical study, the experimental group is expected to receive social support while the control group is composed of those who are usually indulged in reminiscences of their sweethearts. From the college students, 160 experiment participants were selected and 80 participants of them were assigned to control group as well as to experimental group respectively at random. Empirical study for each of the two groups was performed respectively by means of questionnaire survey. Experimental group data and control group data were combined together to be used for testing hypotheses. Linear structural equation model in Amos was used to verify the hypotheses, and Bootstrap was also used to examine whether there were the mediating roles of the perceived money importance and gratitude or not. Results - From the empirical study, following conclusions could be drawn: First, social support of others makes one perceive the importance of money less; Second, social support of others makes one perceive gratitude to others; Third, less perceived importance of money and gratitude to others can make one feel pleasure in spending for other-gift; and Fourth, less perceived importance of money and gratitude to others can partially mediate the effect of social support from others on the pleasure in spending for other-gift. Conclusions - The outcomes of this study might offer theoretic and managerial implications as follow: Even though many hitherto studies have asserted that spending money usually comes with pains, this study discovered that social support might reduce perceived the importance of money but make others feel gratitude and, thus, one would feel joy in spending money to buy gift for others, and made a contribution to the progress of the theory of pleasure in spending for other-gift. This paper also made contributions toward the development of emotion marketing theory by showing that the effect of social support on the pleasure in spending for other-gift could be partially mediated by the perceived the importance of money and gratitude to others. Based on the above conclusions, it may be affirmed that marketers should help consumers perceive the importance of money less, and help feel gratitude to others by pointing up the support of others to consumers in an attempt to accelerate spending for other-gift.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare Studies
• /
• v.49 no.1
• /
• pp.109-132
• /
• 2018

This study investigated the impact of the secondary trauma stress experienced by workers who support sexual violence victims on occupational stress level, and verified the moderating effect of the job education from support facilities in this relationship. The data analyzed in this study were sampled from "The Primary Study on The Development of Training Program to Cultivate Professional Workers of Support Organizations for Sexual Violence Survivors" as a secondary data and 482 nationwide workers were selected. By applying SPSS PROCESS macro, the moderation model was analyzed. The analysis results are as follows. First, sexual violence victim support workers' secondary trauma stress has a significantly influence on occupational stress level of workers. Second, the job education from support agencies themselves moderates the relationship between the secondary trauma stress and occupational stress level of support agents. It also showed that the higher level of job education participates, the less the experience of being stressed on the job. Thus, on the basis of the result, the theoretical discussion on the secondary trauma stress and occupational stress level of sexual violence victim support worker was drawn out and the empirical implication on the direction of the education for job related was suggested.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Child Welfare
• /
• no.55
• /
• pp.31-55
• /
• 2016

This study investigated the impact of the experience of being discriminated on their actual experience of discrimination, and verified the moderating effect of the education for human rights. The data used in this study were sampled from the 2014 children and youth human rights survey of Korea National Youth Policy Institute, and 4,023 students in middle or high school were selected for the final data analysis. The moderation model was analyzed by applying SPSS PROCESS macro. The analysis suggested the following. First, it was shown that the experience of being discriminated and the level of help and frequency of the education for human rights were significantly distinguished in the statistics. Second, even though the experience of being discriminated and the level of help of the education for human rights meaningfully influenced the experience of discrimination, frequency of education did not. Third, it was verified that the level of help from education of human rights moderates the relationship between the experience of discrimination and the experience of being discriminated. It also showed that the higher the level of help is, the more the experience of being discriminated exerts influence on the experience of discrimination. Thus, on the basis of the results, the theoretical discussion on the youth discrimination was drawn out and the practical implication on the direction of the education for human rights was suggested.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship
• /
• v.14 no.5
• /
• pp.141-157
• /
• 2019

The purpose of this study was to verify the effects of personal characteristics and military service experience on their entrepreneurial intention. Hypotheses were developed based on extant literature and tested using the data collected by surveys to retiring officers and NCOs. The conclusions drawn from the analysis were as follows. First, the major factors affecting the voluntary self-employment intention are role model, perceived desirability, and working environment. Second, the biggest difficulty in preparing to start a self-employed business is the lack of founding capital and entrepreneurial information. Third, the respondents believe that military career is not helpful in starting a business. Fourth, there were many negative perceptions that the education and training from the military does not help the self-employment. As a result, it is believed that improvement of entrepreneurial education in the military and expansion of entrepreneurial education during service are required. Especially, the education focusing on self-employed entrepreneurship should be improved. It is recommendable that the entrepreneurial education now being carried out by the Military Outplacement Training Institute should be extended not only during the outplacement period but also the normal service period, thereby increasing the intention of the military official.