• Journal of Cadastre & Land InformatiX
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• v.53 no.2
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• pp.39-52
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• 2023

Cadastral maps are important official documents that affect property rights and have experienced issues due to over 100 years of usage. The accuracy of these old cadastral maps has decreased due to damage, wear, and the accumulation of errors during the rewriting process. These errors have persisted into the digitalization process, creating difficulties in map management. A nationwide project to revise cadastral and forest maps is underway, but there are technical and legal challenges in making corrections. This study addresses the technical aspects of map maintenance and proposes a method to reduce errors and improve maintenance rates by preceding with boundary adjustments. The results show that by preceding with boundary adjustments, the average distance discrepancy decreases from 22.56cm to 8.12cm, and the maintenance rate increases by more than 10%.

• East Asian mathematical journal
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• v.40 no.2
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• pp.183-207
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• 2024

This study is a case study that considered fractional senses and fraction operation abilities for 107 gifted students in elementary school classes. In order to find out the fractional sense, in the first question comparing the sizes of fractions 2/3 and 4/5, the students showed a variety of strategies, but the utilization rate of strategies excluding reduction to a common denominator did not exceed 50%. The second question can be solved by using the first question. It is a problem of finding two fractions by selecting four from six numbers 1, 3, 4, 5, 6, and 7 to create two fractions of which sum does not exceed 1. The percentage of correct answers to this question was about 27% (29 out of 107). Only 5 out of 29 students found answers using the first question, and the rest of the students sought answers through trial and error in various calculations. It shows that the item arrangement method from a deductive perspective has no significant effect on elementary school students. The percentage of correct answers was about 27% in the questions to find out the fraction operation ability-the question of drawing a 4/3 bar using a given 3/8-sized bar and 30.7% (23 out of 75) of the students who had wrong answers showed insufficient splitting operation. In addition, it has been shown that the operation of partitioning and iterating to form numerical senses and fractional concepts related to the fractions of the students has no significant impact.

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine Technology
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.86-90
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• 2012

Purpose: Quantification of myocardial blood flow (MBF) using dynamic PET imaging has the potential to assess coronary artery disease. Rb-82 plays a key role in the clinical assessment of myocardial perfusion using PET. However, MBF could be overestimated due to the underestimation of left ventricular input function in the beginning of the acquisition when the scanner has non-linearity between count rate and activity concentration due to the scanner dead-time. Therefore, in this study, we evaluated the count rate linearity as a function of the activity concentration in PET data acquired in list mode. Materials & methods: A cylindrical phantom (diameter, 12 cm length, 10.5 cm) filled with 296 MBq F-18 solution and 800 mL of water was used to estimate the linearity of the Biograph 40 True Point PET/CT scanner. PET data was acquired with 10 min per frame of 1 bed duration in list mode for different activity concentration levels in 7 half-lives. The images were reconstructed by OSEM and FBP algorithms. Prompt, net true and random counts of PET data according to the activity concentration were measured. Total and background counts were measured by drawing ROI on the phantom images and linearity was measured using background correction. Results: The prompt count rates in list mode were linearly increased proportionally to the activity concentration. At a low activity concentration (<30 kBq/mL), the prompt net true and random count rates were increased with the activity concentration. At a high activity concentration (>30 kBq/mL), the increasing rate of the prompt net true rates was slightly decreased while the increasing rate of random counts was increased. There was no difference in the image intensity linearity between OSEM and FBP algorithms. Conclusion: The Biograph 40 True Point PET/CT scanner showed good linearity of count rate even at a high activity concentration (~370 kBq/mL).The result indicates that the scanner is useful for the quantitative analysis of data in heart dynamic studies using Rb-82, N-13, O-15 and F-18.

• Journal of radiological science and technology
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.213-219
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• 2007

The purpose of this study is to evaluate shielding effect of radiation protector for interventional radiologists in procedures by measuring inside and outside of radiation protector. In this study, we measured the radiation dose of 4 interventional radiologists during TACE and PTBD procedure for 4 month(2005.05-2005.09). Absorbed dose were measured by TLD placed underneath and over radiation protector such as Goggle, Thyroid protector, Apron and placed on the 4th finger of Hand. In addition, we measured background radiation dose in the control room using TLD. During TACE procedure, using 0.07 mmPb Goggle decreased average 53.8% of radiation dose rate in continuous fluoroscopic mode and decreased average 77.6% of radiation dose rate in pulse fluoroscopic mode. Using 0.5 mmPb Thyroid protector decreased average 88.9% of radiation dose rate in continuous fluoroscopic mode and decreased average 92.8% in pulse fluoroscopic mode. During PTBD procedure, using 0.07 mmPb Goggle decreased radiation dose rate average 62.7%, 87.9% by 0.5 mmPb Thyroid protector, 90.5% by 0.5 mmPb Apron. The average fluoroscopic time of PTBD was 6.14 min. shorter than TACE procedure, but radiation exposure dose rate of PTBD was 3 times higher in total body dose, and 40 times higher in hand dose rate than TACE. Interventional radiologists must wear thicker protector recommended over 0.5 mmPb. Also, they must use lead Goggle during interventional procedure. Abdomen dose decreased average 38.4% by drawing a lead curtain under the patient's table, therefore, they must draw a lead curtain to shield scattering ray. Radiation exposure dose decreased average 59.0% by using pulse fluoroscopic mode. So radiologists would better use pulse fluoroscopic mode than continuous fluoroscopic mode to decrease exposure dose.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.13 no.2 s.30
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• pp.155-165
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• 1989

The purpose of this study was to investigate on the sleeve form variation according to arm movements for elderly women. This study was experimented using the Plaster gypsum. The subjects who were elderly women were divided into three groups according to Rorher Index. Arm movements were five type ($0^{\circ},\;45^{\circ},\;90^{\circ},\;135^{\circ},\;180^{\circ}$) to each the vertical motion in front and in side. The statistical analyses used in this study were Mean, Standard Deviation, Spearman's correlation coefficients, paired T-test, Kruskal-wallis one-way ANOVA and Duncan's multiple range test. The results were as follows: 1) Increasing the movements, the width of the sleeve increased and the height of the sleeve cap decreased but girth of the sleeve cap was not consistant. 2) When varied the rates of the three aspects of the sleeve, the height of the sleeve cap showed the largest variation rate. 3) There was a negative correlation between the height and the width of the sleeve. On the other hand, there was a positive correlation between the sleeve width and the sleeve girth. 4) There were the vertical motion differences between in front and in side on the three aspects of sleeve. 5) The sleeve width and the sleeve girth were different according to somatotypes but the height of the sleeve cap was not different. 6) According to the variation rates of the body surfaces in length of standard lines, the form of sleeve was changed more in the front than in the back. Maximum variation rate showed in the areas of $D_1-D_3,\;E_1-E_3$ in the horizontal lines and $A-E_2$ in vertical lines. 7) According to the comparative drawing of the heights of sleeve cap and sleeve girth, the sleeve basic pattern $S_1(A.H/4)$ was more suitable for the direction $0^{\circ}\;and\;45^{\circ}$. And the basic pattern S_6(A.H/5)$ was more suitable for the direction $90^{\circ}$, the pattern $S_7(A.H/6)$ suitable for the direction $135^{\circ}$, and the pattern $S_8(A.H/8)$ was more suitable for the direction $180^{\circ}$.

• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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• v.36 no.3
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• pp.216-228
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• 2018

In this study analyzed the ponding changing of plastic deformation section follwed time development to apply weather, geometry and traffic data in additon to time development to improve road management service and safety of roads during or after rain. After We selected an 8.3km section of old national highway the Seongnam-Janghowon section and created a three-demensional surface of terrain through the numerical transformantion of design drawing data, with reflection the linear data of the same coordinate system in order to describe more realistic roads, we design additional structures with shading above roads. The altitude and azimuth of the sun were calculated and set based on the longitude and latitude data of the survey line for the analysis of the sun rate, and the daylight impact zone was visualized by setting the shaded time to an interval of 1 hour and the shade rate of the corresponding section. In addition, the evaporation volume calculated from weather data such as temperature, humidity, radiant energy, and road temperature analyzes together, it will use the way of a safer and more efficient road management as grasping the ponding changing more efficent in time development.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.36 no.10
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• pp.905-910
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• 2012

In early 1990s, the Sea & Air Transport Cargoes (SATC) was increased annually with more than 50% rate due to the rising trade between Korea and China. However, after that, the increasing rate of the SATC was slowdown from the late 1990s, furthermore, recently it became sluggish and declined. This phenomenon is totally different compared to the skyrocketing trade volumes between two countries. In this respect, to forecast the SATC, draw out the factors for activation, and calculate the weight of priority of these factors are urgently needed. To achieve the research objectives, the ARIMA and Fuzzy-AHP were used as research methodology. The estimated volume of SATC using the data from year 2007 to 2012 on the ARIMA model, will be reached approximately 33,000 tons in year 2015. In the mean time, For drawing out and weighing the activation factors for SATC, the Fuzzy-AHP was adopted. As a result, 'Sea & Air transportation-related information system policies' is the most important factor among the principle criteria, and 'the construction of consolidation logistics center' is the most important factor among the 12 sub-principle criteria.

• Journal of Korea Port Economic Association
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.69-82
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• 2018

The number of ships serviced at the container terminals in Busan is increasing by 2.9% per year. In spite of the increase in calling ships, there are no official records of waiting rate by the port authority. This study attempts to compare the theoretical ship waiting ratio and actual ship waiting ratio. The actual ship waiting ratio of container terminals is acquired from the 2014 to 2016 data of PORT-MIS and Terminal Operating System (TOS). Furthermore, methods and procedures to measure the actual ship's waiting rate of container terminal are proposed for ongoing measurement. In drawing the theoretical ship waiting ratio, the queuing theory is applied after deploying the ship arrival probability distribution and ship service probability distribution by the Chi Square method. As a result, the total number of ships waiting in a terminal for three years was 587, the average monthly service time and the average waiting time was 13.8 hours and 17.1 hours, respectively, and the monthly number of waiting ships was 16.3. Meanwhile, according to the queuing theory with multi servers, the ship waiting ratio is 31.1% on a 70% berth occupancy ratio. The reason behind the huge gap is the congested sailing in the peak days of the week, such as Sunday, Tuesday, and Wednesday. In addition, the number of waiting ships recorded on Sundays was twice as much as the average number of waiting ships.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.19 no.8
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• pp.319-325
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• 2021

With the advancement of wireless technology and the rapid growth of the infrastructure of mobile communication technology, systems applying AI-based platforms are drawing attention from users. In particular, the system that understands users' tastes and interests and recommends preferred items is applied to advanced e-commerce customized services and smart homes. However, there is a problem that these recommendation systems are difficult to reflect in real time the preferences of various users for tastes and interests. In this research, we propose a Fuzzy-AHP-based movies recommendation system using the Gated Recurrent Unit (GRU) language model to address a problem. In this system, we apply Fuzzy-AHP to reflect users' tastes or interests in real time. We also apply GRU language model-based models to analyze the public interest and the content of the film to recommend movies similar to the user's preferred factors. To validate the performance of this recommendation system, we measured the suitability of the learning model using scraping data used in the learning module, and measured the rate of learning performance by comparing the Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) language model with the learning time per epoch. The results show that the average cross-validation index of the learning model in this work is suitable at 94.8% and that the learning performance rate outperforms the LSTM language model.

• The Journal of Korean Academic Society of Nursing Education
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.249-263
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• 1998

The competence of newly graduated nurses is based on various clinical expriences gained when they were students. Therefore, instructors of nursing students, professors in nursing schools or directors in hospitals must play a critical role in assisting them to obtain various knowledge and experienced nursing skills. The purpose of this study was to investigate nursing care activities and nursing care hours practiced by nursing students in a general hospital. The subject students were total 214 nursing students, 2nd graders(sophomores) and 3rd graders(juniors) from 5 Junior Nursing Colleges in Seoul and they practiced at S general hospital to gain clinical experience. The data were collected for 4 days. The tools for this study were the direct nursing care activity list consisted of 15 nursing areas and the indirect nursing care activity list consisted of 9 nursing areas. The subject students were supposed to record their own score. The results of this study are ; 1. The nursing care hours per nursing student 1) The average total nursing care hours a day per each nursing student are 362.65 mins(6.04hr), the direct nursing care hours per each nursing stuent are 202.09 mins(direct nursing care rate 56.0%) and it is higher than the indirect nursing care hours, 159.75mins(indirect nursing care rate 44.0%). The direct nursing care rate of each student by a team approach in the evening shift(56.3%) is higher than that in the day shift(55.8%). 2) The hours of checking vital signs are the longest(47.35mins) among the direct nursing care activites and next is in order of counseling 8l emotional support, nurse rounds, and accompaning a patient during examination. The hours of reporting are the longest(32.39mins) among the indirect nursing care activites, and next is the activities related to education such as reviewing chart, looking up references, etc. 3) The freqency of checking vital signs practiced by nursing student is the highest(the average of 55.7 times) among the direct nursing care activities and next is in order of nurse rounds, assistance of feeding, and counseling & emotional support. The required time for nursing students to accompany their patient during examination is the longest(20.7mins) and next are in order of restriction on patient' activity, orientated by a head nurse, skin care, sitz bath, bathing & hair shampoo, and assisting with patients' exercise. 2. The nursing care hours per grader 1) The average hours of total nursing care per a nursing student are 369.2mins(6.2hrs) to 2nd graders, 355.9mins(5.9 hrs) to third graders. The direct nursing care rate per each nursing student to 3rd graders(59.3%) was higher than that to End graders(52.8%). 2) For 2nd graders, the highly marked nursing activities are teaching associated with direct nursing care activities such as drawing up papers, looking up references, reviewing charts, and being orientated by staff nurses. For 3rd graders, measurments, observations, and nurse rounds in indirect nursing care activities are taken highly 3) The most frequent practice of the nursing care activites is checking vital signs : 65 times to 3rd graders and 46.5 times to 2nd graders. Our suggestions based on the results of this study are : 1. It is recommanded to repeat the same designed study in a variety of clinical fields for further study. 2. It is recommanded to collect data not by self-record method but by observated method. 3. It is needed for nursing instructors in Nursing Schools and in hospitals to develop the guidelines and check-list of clinical practice courses.