• Journal of the Korean Institute of Gas
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.65-71
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• 2017

LNG is being spotlighted as a clean marine fuel because of recent trend in reinforcement of marine environmental regulation. In this paper, demand prospect of LNG bunkering for Ulsan port is carried out to analgize the possibility of commercialization of floating LNG bunkering terminal. Environmental analysis for LNG bunkering and LNG bunkering trends of competitive ports in the world are considered to draw out the prospection of LNG bunkering demand in Ulsan. As a result, car carrie and oil carrier were expected to have more possibility in switching to LNG fuelled ship. The LNG bunkering demand in Ulsan. As a result, car carrier and oil carrier were expected to have more possibility in switching to LNG fuelled ship. The LNG bunkering demand in Ulsan port was expected to be about from 650,000 ton to 900,000 ton in 2030 and Ulsan port is prospected to be a good port for FLBT business in th future.

• Korean Journal of Materials Research
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• v.6 no.8
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• pp.817-824
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• 1996

Removal of Cu impurities on Si substrates using remote H-plasma was investigated. Si substrates were intentionally contaminated by 1ppm ${CuCI}_{2}$, standard chemical solution. To determine the optimal process condition, remote H-plasma cleaning was conducted varying the parameters of rf power, cleaning time and remoteness(the distance between the center of plasma and the surface of Si substrate). After remote H-plasma cleaning was conducted, Si surfaces were analysed by TXRF(total x-ray reflection fluorescence) and AFM(atomic force microscope). The concentration of Cu impurity was reduced by more than a factor of 10 and its RMS roughness was improved by more than 30% after remote H-plasma cleaning. TXRF analysis results show that remote H-plasma cleaning is effective in eliminating Cu impurity on Si surface when it is performed under the optimal process condition. AFM analysis results also verifies that remote H-plasma cleaning makes no damage to the Si surface. The deposition mechanism of Cu impurity may be explained by the redox potential(oxidation-reduction reaction potential) theory. Based on the XPS analysis results we could draw a conclusion that Cu impurities on the Si substrate are removed together with the oxide by a "lift-off" mechanism when the chemical oxide( which forms when Cu ions are adsorbed on the Si surface) is etched off by reactive hydrogen atoms.gen atoms.

• Journal of Service Research and Studies
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.206-223
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• 2023

The introduction of Smart technologies such as Artificial Intelligence(AI) systems are have a powerful impact in a variety of industry fields. Some experts predict that smart technology will completely change people's daily life and work styles, causing technological innovation, productivity improvement, and discovery and emergence of new fields. On the one hand, this vision cannot ignore negative views and concerns. Despite many social debates about employment, such as job loss and rising unemployment, there have not been many studies based on employee experience that provide a fundamental solution to the conflict between AI and employment. Therefore, this study finds out the effects and related factors of AI concierge robots for hotel employees, focusing on the hotel industry, and how employees' perceptions of AI concierge robots affect user resistance and turnover intention. This study, conducted a questionnaire survey of 322 hotel employees who had experience working with AI concierge robots in China, and used SPSS and SmartPLS statistical analysis programs to draw conclusions. We found that hotel employees' perceptions of AI concierge robots were significantly related to user resistance and turnover intention, and this association was related to employee self-efficacy, perceived organizational support, quality of AI services and new tasks. In addition, it was found that the quality of AI concierge robots directly or indirectly had the greatest influence on user resistance and turnover intention. The findings of this study provide theoretical implications for academia and practical implications for industry practitioners.

• Journal of KIISE:Databases
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.742-757
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• 2001

Since database management systems(DBMSS) have limited lock resources, transactions requesting locks beyond the limit mutt be aborted. In the worst carte, if such transactions are aborted repeatedly, the DBMS can become paralyzed, i.e., transaction execute but cannot commit. Lock escalation is considered a solution to this problem. However, existing lock escalation methods do not provide a complete solution. In this paper, we prognose a new lock escalation method, adaptive lock escalation, that selves most of the problems. First, we propose a general model for lock escalation and present the concept of the unescalatable look, which is the major cause making the transactions to abort. Second, we propose the notions of semi lock escalation, lock blocking, and selective relief as the mechanisms to control the number of unescalatable locks. We then propose the adaptive lock escalation method using these notions. Adaptive lock escalation reduces needless aborts and guarantees that the DBMS is not paralyzed under excessive lock requests. It also allows graceful degradation of performance under those circumstances. Third, through extensive simulation, we show that adaptive lock escalation outperforms existing lock escalation methods. The results show that, compared to the existing methods, adaptive lock escalation reduces the number of aborts and the average response time, and increases the throughput to a great extent. Especially, it is shown that the number of concurrent transactions can be increased more than 16 ~256 fold. The contribution of this paper is significant in that it has formally analysed the role of lock escalation in lock resource management and identified the detailed underlying mechanisms. Existing lock escalation methods rely on users or system administrator to handle the problems of excessive lock requests. In contrast, adaptive lock escalation releases the users of this responsibility by providing graceful degradation and preventing system paralysis through automatic control of unescalatable locks Thus adaptive lock escalation can contribute to developing self-tuning: DBMSS that draw a lot of attention these days.

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine Technology
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.93-99
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• 2010

Purpose: Currently, PET/CT scan has been known to provide useful information to both preoperative and postoperative examination of cancer patients. Contracted stomach by the long fasting could cause difficulties of interpretation because of its size on reconstructed image data. To solve this problem, after the whole body PET/CT scan, patients were administrated in drinking 300 mL of water to expand stomach and performed additional scan on stomach region. Not only PET/CT scan but also CT performs this water-administration, and patients were take oral solution to make stomach expand for stomach cancer. When this scan performed, patients lay supine position. In this study, we evaluated the capacity of stomach through PET/CT scan with drinking water performed in supine and prone position so that we can distinguish exact location of cancer around pylorus and inferior wall of stomach. Furthermore, image data from supine and prone positions were analyzed the difference of volume of stomach through the change of standardized uptake values. Materials and Methods: From July 2009 to January 2010 in severance hospital, 30 patients who were diagnosed as early gastric cancer or advanced gastric cancer were chosen. All patients had PET/CT scan before the operation and have had follow-up PET/CT. The patients fast for at least 8 hours, and had an injection intravenously with $^{18}F$-FDG, 7.4 MBq (0.2 mCi/kg) per kilogram. They were rested for 60 minutes. Before the examination, all patients were administrated to drink water for 300 mL Patients had PET/CT scan with supine position around the region of stomach, whole body, and around the region of stomach with prone position after drinking another 300 mL of water respectively. Results: As a results of comparison between stomach capacity of 30 patients in supine and prone position, the study draw results that average capacity of stomach body was 460.29 $mm^2$ in supine position, and 641.39 $mm^2$ in prone position for 30 patients. The change of capacity shows 41.3% expanded in prone position. And there was no noticeable difference at maximum standardized uptake values in supine position and prone position. Conclusion: As results, stomach would have more expanded capacity in prone position than supine position. For patients who have physical disabilities to move freely, additional scan in prone position will be obstacle to perform. However, if additional scan in supine position add with the scan in prone position, it will be easier to diagnose stomach cancer. Moreover, we believe that this study will help the research for inventing support tools for patients who have physical disabilities in prone position.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.151-163
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• 2019

In recent years, as the population of ear and aged villages has increased, the problem of conflict between rural residents and urban-to-rural migrants has been widespread. For successful rural community, such conflict resolution is more important than anything else. However, if we look at previous studies. It is true that there are many studies that focus on people who are not rural residents or urban-to-rural migrants. This study was conducted to find out the difference of strategies for conflict resolution between rural residents and urban-to-rural migrants. This study derives the factors of conflict based on the contents of previous studies, To see the difference, five strategies were used from the response strategies that were used in the 'Computer Prisoner's Dilemma Contest' held by Axelrod (2009). I would like to know what kind of strategies of rural residents and urban-to-rural migrants. All analyzes were done using SPSS 22.0 for Windows, and the results of each conflict resolution analysis showed that the indigenous conflicts were low All. Among the causes of conflict, the highest level of conflict was caused by the 'rural residents who did not understand urban culture'. The strategy is the most used, followed by tit for tat Strategy, and all-c strategy, in that order. However, It is not uncommon for employers to use a work-type strategy, and it can be seen that the strategy changes depending on the cause. As can be seen from the above results, The conflict resolution strategies are almost similar strategies. It can be seen that conflict resolution strategy is used differently according to personality. The purpose of this study is to investigate the differences in conflicts in the rural areas. In particular, it is meaningful to examine the choice of solution strategies based on game theory through reviewing prior research and eliciting actual conflict factors in the field. Successful rural settlement can be achieved not through stakeholder competition but through mutual cooperation by gaining cooperation to the other side. Mutual cooperation is more profitable than betrayal in various conflict situations. The secret to maintaining and communicating smoothly is not to use the other person to fill his or her selfish interests, but to reject it for profit, but to draw cooperation from the other party.

• Journal of Korean Philosophical Society
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• no.125
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• pp.63-89
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• 2019

The aim of this paper is to examine the so-called theory of automatic action attributed to Plotinus, according to which the sage can act automatically without deliberation or reasoning. Concerns were raised that such a theory runs the risk of turning the agent into an automaton by reducing action to mechanical reflexes to external stimuli. I attempt to show that Plotinus does not hold a theory of automatic action by arguing that the Plotinian sage's non-deliberative action is not automatic at all. For this purpose, I first draw attention to the non-deliberative action of the World-Reason (i.e. the reason of the World-Soul), which is supposed to present an ideal model of action. Indeed, Plotinus mentions that the World-Reason rules the world "as if automatically". This is, however, meant to indicate the spontaneous and natural manner in which the World-Reason rules. In this respect, the way the World-Reason works is compared to the way nature (i.e. the productive power of the World-Soul) works. But Plotinus points out that the World-Reason knows what to do, whereas nature works without knowing. In this connection, Plotinus makes it clear that the World-Reason does not calculate or deliberate about what to do because it already knows it. To clarify this point, I turn to Plotinus' analogy of practical wisdom (phronêsis) and skill, according to which the World-Reason is compared to an accomplished craftsman or artist, who confidently works without any doubt, hesitation or difficulty, thereby expressing her intelligence, unmediated by deliberation. From this perspective, non-deliberative action according to practical wisdom turns out to be superior to deliberative action. Plotinus admits that there are difficult circumstances in which even the skilled craftsman, unlike the World-Reason who always controls the whole situation, needs to deliberate or calculate, but he is nevertheless confident that the craftsman easily finds the solution. This suggests that the sage, who possesses practical wisdom, can act normally like a great master or virtuoso without deliberation, but in an emergency situation he also employs deliberation, but resourcefully and creatively responds to challenge. The attempt is made to elucidate the Plotinian model of sage's action with the help of Csikzentmihalyi's concept of 'flow' and Annas' application of it to the analogy of virtue and skill. Finally, it is shown that the sage's virtuous action, in spite of being a habituated action, is not a passive, routinized, automatic action, but an active, flexible, intelligent action.

• Journal of Intelligence and Information Systems
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.157-175
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• 2013

Since Korean government announced 'Smartwork promotion strategy' in 2010, Korean firms and government organizations have started to adopt smartwork. However, the smartwork has been implemented only in a few of large enterprises and government organizations rather than SMEs (small and medium enterprises). In USA, both Yahoo! and Best Buy have stopped their flexible work because of its reported low productivity and job loafing problems. In addition, according to the literature on smartwork, we could draw obstacles of smartwork adoption and categorize them into the three types: institutional, organizational, and technological. The first category of smartwork adoption obstacles, institutional, include the difficulties of smartwork performance evaluation metrics, the lack of readiness of organizational processes, limitation of smartwork types and models, lack of employee participation in smartwork adoption procedure, high cost of building smartwork system, and insufficiency of government support. The second category, organizational, includes limitation of the organization hierarchy, wrong perception of employees and employers, a difficulty in close collaboration, low productivity with remote coworkers, insufficient understanding on remote working, and lack of training about smartwork. The third category, technological, obstacles include security concern of mobile work, lack of specialized solution, and lack of adoption and operation know-how. To overcome the current problems of smartwork in reality and the reported obstacles in literature, we suggest a novel smartwork service model based on NFC(Near Field Communication). This paper suggests NFC-based Smartwork Service Model composed of NFC-based Smartworker networking service and NFC-based Smartwork space management service. NFC-based smartworker networking service is comprised of NFC-based communication/SNS service and NFC-based recruiting/job seeking service. NFC-based communication/SNS Service Model supplements the key shortcomings that existing smartwork service model has. By connecting to existing legacy system of a company through NFC tags and systems, the low productivity and the difficulty of collaboration and attendance management can be overcome since managers can get work processing information, work time information and work space information of employees and employees can do real-time communication with coworkers and get location information of coworkers. Shortly, this service model has features such as affordable system cost, provision of location-based information, and possibility of knowledge accumulation. NFC-based recruiting/job-seeking service provides new value by linking NFC tag service and sharing economy sites. This service model has features such as easiness of service attachment and removal, efficient space-based work provision, easy search of location-based recruiting/job-seeking information, and system flexibility. This service model combines advantages of sharing economy sites with the advantages of NFC. By cooperation with sharing economy sites, the model can provide recruiters with human resource who finds not only long-term works but also short-term works. Additionally, SMEs (Small Medium-sized Enterprises) can easily find job seeker by attaching NFC tags to any spaces at which human resource with qualification may be located. In short, this service model helps efficient human resource distribution by providing location of job hunters and job applicants. NFC-based smartwork space management service can promote smartwork by linking NFC tags attached to the work space and existing smartwork system. This service has features such as low cost, provision of indoor and outdoor location information, and customized service. In particular, this model can help small company adopt smartwork system because it is light-weight system and cost-effective compared to existing smartwork system. This paper proposes the scenarios of the service models, the roles and incentives of the participants, and the comparative analysis. The superiority of NFC-based smartwork service model is shown by comparing and analyzing the new service models and the existing service models. The service model can expand scope of enterprises and organizations that adopt smartwork and expand the scope of employees that take advantages of smartwork.