• 한국농공학회지
• /
• 제28권3호
• /
• pp.79-88
• /
• 1986

Drought occurs most frequently and severely around transplanting season of the rice plants in Korea. Shortage of water due to drought for the paddy fields often delays transplanting, and less often the rice plants are subjected to water stress after delayed transplanting. The present study aimed at quantification of the rice crop loss due to delayed transplanting, different inten3ity of water stress, and the combined effect of delay in transplanting followed by water stress for better use of limited water for irrigation under drought. The rice variety Chucheong, a japonica, and Nampung, an indica x japonica, were grown, transplanted to 1/200 a plastic pots, and subjected to different timing of transplanting and degree of water stress under a rainfall autosersing, sliding clear plastic roof facility with completely randomized arrangement of 5 replications. The results obtained are summarized as follows: 1.Twelve days or 22 days delay in transplanting without water stress reduced rice yield by 25% and 43% in the japonica variety, and by 15% and 60% in the indica x japonica variety. 2.The 10 days or 20 days water stress developed without irrigation after drainage in the rice plants transplanted at proper time lowered the water potential at the paddy soil 10cm deep to -4 bar, and -12 bar and caused rice yield reduction by 14%, and 45% in the japonica variety and by 8%, and 50% in the indica X japonica variety. 3.The 12 days delay in transplanting and 10 days or 20 days water stress reduced rice yield by 39% and 59% in the japonica variety, and by 38% and 52% in the indica x japonica variety. The 22 days delay in transplanting plus 10 days water stress caused yield reduction by 76%, i.e. meaningless yield, in both varieties. 4.The intermittent irrigation just to wet the soil body for 10 days after 10 days water stress without irrigation increased rece yield by 12 to 16% compared to the rice plants water stessed without irrigation continuously for 20 days in both varieties respectively. 5.The above results suggest strongly 1) to transplant the rice plants at proper .time even with some water stress rather than delay for sufficient water from later rainfall, and 2) to distribute insufficient irrigation water to broader area of transplanted rice with limited irrigation for better use of limited irrigation water. A greater sensitivity of japonica variety to a moderate water stress than the indica X japonica variety during initial rooting and tillering stage was noticed. To cope with frequent drought in rice culture, firstly the lasting time of transplanting without yield reduction should be clarified by region and variety, and secondly a scheme of rational distribution of limited water should be developed by region with better knowledge on the varietal distribution of limited water should be developed by region with better knowledge on the varietal responses to varying intensity of water stress.

• Journal of Trauma and Injury
• /
• 제26권3호
• /
• pp.151-156
• /
• 2013

Purpose: Traumatic cervical SCI is frequently accompanied by dural tear and the resulting cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leak after surgery can be troublesome and delay rehabilitation with increasing morbidity. This study evaluated the incidence of intraoperative CSF leaks in patients with traumatic cervical spinal cord injury (SCI) who underwent anterior cervical surgery and described the reliable management of CSF leaks during the perioperative period. Methods: A retrospective study of medical records and radiological images was done on patients with CSF leaks after cervical spine trauma. Results: Seven patients(13.2%) were identified with CSF leaks during the intraoperative period. All patients were severely injured and showed structural abnormalities on the initial magnetic resonance image (MRI) of the cervical spine. Intraoperatively, no primary repair of dural tear was attempted because of a wide, rough defect size. Therefore, fibrin glue was applied to the operated site in all cases. Although a wound drainage was inserted, it was stopped within the first 24 hours after the operation. No lumbar drainage was performed. Postoperatively, the patients should kept their heads in an elevated position and early ambulation and rehabilitation were encouraged. None of the patients developed complications related to CSF leaks during admission. Conclusion: The incidence of CSF leaks after surgery for cervical spinal trauma is relatively higher than that of cervical spinal stenosis. Therefore, one should expect the possibility of a dural tear and have a simple and effective management protocol for CSF leaks in trauma cases established.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
• /
• 제36권3호
• /
• pp.351-355
• /
• 2009

Purpose: Cervical necrotizing fasciitis tends to involve the deep soft tissues and spread caudally to the anterior chest and mediastinum, often resulting in major complications and death. It may rapidly spread into the thorax along fascial planes, and the associated diagnostic delay results in this descending necrotizing mediastinitis. So, aggressive multidisciplinary therapy with surgical drainage is mandatory. We present a very rare case of descending necrotizing mediastinitis with literature review. Methods: A 53 years old male visited our department 7 days after trauma in neck. His premorbid conditions and risk factors of necrotizing fasciitis were concealed hepatoma, trauma history, chronic liver disease, and nutrition deficit. Computed tomographic scans of the head and neck region were performed in this patient : signs of necrotizing fasciitis, were seen in the platysma, sternocleidomastoid, trapezius muscle and strap muscles of the neck. Fluid accumulations involved multiple neck spaces and mediastinum. At the time, he diagnosed as necrotizing fasciitis on his neck and anterior chest. Necrotic wound was excised serially and we treated this with the Vacuum - assisted closure(VAC, Kinetics Concepts International, San Antonio, Texas) system device. After appropriately shaping the sponge and achieving additional 3 pieces drainage tubes in the pockets, continuous negative pressure of 125 mmHg was applied. The VAC therapy was utilized for a period of 12 days. Results: We obtained satisfactory results from wide excision, abscess drainage with the VAC system, and then split thickness skin graft. The postoperative course was uneventful. Conclusion: The refined technique using the VAC system can provide a means of simple and effective management for the descending necrotizing mediastinitis, with better cosmetic and functional results. Finally, the VAC system has been adopted as the standard treatment for deep cervical and mediastinal wound infections as a result of the excellent clinical outcome.

• 한국농공학회지
• /
• 제28권2호
• /
• pp.31-41
• /
• 1986

Knowledge of the degree of yield reduction due to water stress at different crop growth stages in rice production is important for rational scheduling of irrigation during periods of insufficient water supply. Previous studies to determine the degree of yield reduction duo to water stress suffered from interruptions by rain during experiment. Also the findings did rot relate the degree of water stress to the soil water potential and water deficit status of rice plants. In this study, two years experiments were conducted using the high yielding rice varieties, an Indica x Japonica (Nampoong) and a Japonica variety(Choochung). These were grown in 1/200$^{\circ}$ plastic pots placed under a rainfall autosensing, sliding clear plastic roof facility to control rainfall interruptions. The results obtained were as follows. 1.The two varieties differed in the growth stage most sensitive to water stress as well as the degree of yield reductions. When rice plants were stressed to the leaf rolling score 4 and soil water potential of about - 20 bar at major crop growth stages which included heading, booting, non-effective tillering, panicle initiation and early tillering stages, the yield reductions in the Indica x Japonica variety were 58%, 34%, 27%, 22%, and 21%, respectively, whereas in the Japonica vairety they were 23%, 36%, 1%, 13% and 22%, respectively. This result show that the recommended drainage during non-effective tillering is valid only for the Japonica variety. Sufficient irrigation at booting, heading and early tillering stages are necessary for both varieties. 2.The two varieties showed visible wilting symptoms when the soil water potential dropped to about - 3.0 bar. The Japonica variety showed more leaf rolling than the Indica X Japonica. However, it had a higher retention of leaf water content and greater stomatal diffusive resistance. When the soil water potential dropped, the Japonica variety showed leaf rolling score (LRS) 1 at 0 soil-5. 0 bar and LRS 2 at 0 soil -6.0 bar while the Indica X Japonica showed LRS 1 at 0 soil - 5.5 bar and LRS 2at 0 Soil - 9.0 bar. The stomatal diffusive resistance was maximum at the second top leaf blade in both varieties at intermediate water stress of 0 soil - 4.5 bar. 3.The number of days that was required for the soil water potential to drop to-3. 0 bar and to - 20.0 bar after drainage of irrigation water from the 20cm deep silty clay loam soil in the pots were 6 and 13 days, respectively for booting stage, and 7 and 11 days, respectively for heading stage, 9 and 12 days, respectively for panicle initiation stage, and 12 and 19 days, respectively for early tillering stage. 4.Water stress during the early tillering stage recorded the longest delay in beading time, the largest reduction in panicle numbers and a substantial yield decrease of 20%. This calls for better water management to ensure the availability of water at this stage, particularly during drought periods. In addition, a reexamination of the conventional inter-drainage practice during the non-effective tillering stage is necessary for the high yielding Indica X Japonica varieties.

• 대한두경부종양학회지
• /
• 제24권2호
• /
• pp.214-216
• /
• 2008

Parapharyngeal space tumors are extremely rare accounting for about 0.5% of all head and neck tumors and treat mostly by surgical removal. Due to their inherent location, they present with varied non-specific signs and symptoms, resulting in a delay in diagnosis and unnecessary procedures, such as a 'tonsillectomy' or 'incision and drainage' of a 'quinsy'. We recently confirmed a case about a the neurilemnoma on parapharyngeal space during tonsillectomy. To present our experience with the transoral approach for parapharyngeal space tumor and describe our technique for removal of these neoplasms. Although parapharyngeal space tumours are uncommon, recognizing them would enable the correct sequence of investigations, instead of unnecessary procedures resulting in an increased morbidity for the patient.

• 대한핵의학회지
• /
• 제34권6호
• /
• pp.508-515
• /
• 2000

목적: 임상적으로 기능적 누도폐쇄가 의심되는 환자에서 누도폐쇄의 진단과 폐쇄부위의 결정에 누비공신티그라피의 유용성에 대해 알아보고자 하였다. 대상 및 방법: 유루를 주소로 내원한 환자에서 증상에 관계없이 양안에 주사기법을 시행하여 누액배출계의 개방이 있는 환자 18명 35누액배출계을 대상으로 누비공신티그라피를 시행하였다(연령 분포 $37{\sim}76$세, 남자 8명, 여자 10명). 결과: 총 35예의 누액배출계에 대한 누비공신티그라피 검사 중 기능적 누도폐쇄가 의심되었던 29예 중 22예(75.8%)에서 누도폐쇄가 있었다. 이중 누낭 전 폐쇄가 7예(31.8%), 누비관전 폐쇄가 9예(40.9%), 그리고 누비관내 폐쇄가 6예(27.3%)였다. 결론: 누비공신티그라피는 기능적 누도폐쇄의 진단과 폐쇄부위를 평가 하는데 유용하며 특히 눈꺼풀의 누도에 대한 펌프 작용의 부전을 유발할 수 있는 안면신경마비가 있거나, 노화 현상으로 인한 눈꺼풀의 늘어짐이 증가한 경우 누도폐쇄의 진단에 높은 민감도를 보였다.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
• /
• 제42권4호
• /
• pp.497-501
• /
• 2009

배경: 비디오흉강경하 폐 쐐기절제수술 후 흉관을 통한 지속적인 공기유출과 흉수배액은 퇴원할 준비가 되어있는 환자의 흉관 제거를 지연시킬 수 있다. 저자는 Heimlich valve가 부착된 Panda Pneumothorax set를 장착하여 외래에서 흉관 관리를 시행한 37명의 환자를 관찰하였다. 대상 및 방법: 2005년 1월부터 2007년까지 294명에서 비디오흉강경하 폐 쐐기절제술과 흉막유착술을 시행하였다. 이중 37명의 환자가 Panda Pneumothorax set with Heimlich valve를 이용한 외래에서의 흉관 관리를 위한 대상에 적합하였다. 환자들은 쓰여진 주의사항을 받았고 Panda set사용에 대한 믿음을 보여 주었다. 환자들은 공기누출과 흉수배액의 만족할만한 소실 후 흉관 제거를 위해서 병원에 복귀하였다. 결과: Panda Pneumothorax set를 착용하고 퇴원한 환자[평균 4.7$\pm$1.4일(3$\sim$6일)]는 착용하지 않았던 환자[평균 입원일은 6.2$\pm$5일(4$\sim$9일)]와 비교할 때 보다 장기간의 입원을 하였다. 그리고 또한 Panda Pneumothorax set환자의 경우 퇴원 후 외래에서 평균 9.8$\pm$1.6일(8$\sim$15일)만에 성공적으로 흉관을 제거할 수 있었다. 주요한 합병증은 없었으며 4명의 환자에서 사소한 합병증을 보였다. 36/37명(97.3%)에서 순탄하고 성공적인 외래에서의 흉관 관리를 경험하였다. 걸론: Panda set를 이용한 성공적인 외래에서의 흉관 관리를 선택된 36명의 환자에서 성실히 수행할 수 있었다. 이런 프로그램은 결과적으로 명백한 병원비 절약을 이룰 수 있었고 조기퇴원을 가능케 하여 환자의 만족감을 증가시켰다.

• 생물환경조절학회지
• /
• 제29권4호
• /
• pp.421-427
• /
• 2020

본 시험에서는 블루베리 양액재배시 양분공급시기가 수체 생육과 과실품질에 어떤 영향을 미치는지 알아보고자 수행하였다. 신초생장은 1차, 2차 생장량은 비슷한 경향이었으나, 3차 생장량은 수확종료 15일 전 중단한 처리에 비해 수확종료 직후와 수확종료 후 15일에 공급을 중단한 처리가 각각 15.4%, 15.6% 생장을 많이 하는 경향이었고, 수확종료 후 60일에 양분공급을 중단한 처리는 수확종료 15일전에 중단한 처리보다 3차 생장량이 53.2% 증가하는 경향이었다. 양액공급 후 이듬해 꽃눈수를 조사한 결과 수확종료 후 60일에 양분 공급을 중단한 처리는 수확종료 15일전에 중단한 처리보다 26% 적었다. 처리별 과실특성은 과실중, 당도, 산도 등은 처리간 큰 차이가 없었으며, 주당 수량은 수확종료 15일전이 2.1kg, 수확종료 직후와 수확종료 후 15일에 양분을 중단한 처리가 2.5kg으로 가장 많았으며, 수확종료 후 45일과 60일에 양분을 중단한 처리는 1.8kg으로 가장 작았다.

• 대한토목학회논문집
• /
• 제38권5호
• /
• pp.671-683
• /
• 2018

도시유역에 대한 집중호우에 따른 침수피해가 증가하고 있으며, 기존에 수행된 많은 연구에서 입증 되어진 바와 같이 도시 침수는 하수관망의 통수능을 상회함에 따라 발생하는 내수침수에 주로 기인하고 있다. 도시화가 상당히 진행되고 인구가 밀집되어 있는 지역에 대한 침수피해는 심각한 사회 경제적 피해를 야기한다. 이에 따라 도시지역에 대한 홍수 예측을 위한 확정 및 확률론적 연구가 진행되어 왔지만, 충분한 선행시간을 확보하며 단시간에 홍수량에 대한 예측결과를 도출하기에는 부족한 실정이다. 본 연구에서는 최적의 실시간 도시 홍수 예측 기법을 제시하기 위하여 도시유출해석 기반 실시간 홍수 예측을 위한 IDNN, TDNN 그리고 NARX 동적신경망을 비교하였다. 강남 지역의 2010, 2011년 실제 호우사상에 대하여 총 홍수량 예측 결과, 입력 지연 인공신경망의 최대 Nash-Sutcliffe 효율 계수는 각각 0.86, 0.53, 시간 지연 인공신경망의 경우 0.92, 0.41, 외생변수를 이용한 비선형 자기 회귀의 경우 0.99, 0.98으로 나타났다. 연구 대상지역에 대한 각 맨홀 누적월류량을 고려한 예측 결과의 오차분석을 통하여 외생변수를 이용한 비선형 자기 회귀 기법을 사용하는 것이 추후 도시 홍수 대응체계 구축에 적합할 것으로 나타났다.

• 토지주택연구
• /
• 제8권3호
• /
• pp.189-200
• /
• 2017

The work breakdown structure and the precedence relations by work activity are very important because they are the basic data for estimating the construction duration in the construction work. However, there is no standard to accurately estimate the construction duration since the size of the school facilities construction is smaller than the general construction work. Therefore, some schools are unable to open in March or September and the delay of the construction duration can cause damage to the students. To solve this problem, this study developed a work breakdown structure of school facilities construction work and analyzed the precedence relations by work activities. The work breakdown structure of the school facilities construction is composed of three steps. The operations corresponding to level 1 and level 2 are as follows. (1) 2 preparatory work categories; preparation period and temporary construction. (2) 17 architectural work categories; temporary construction, foundation & pile work, reinforced concrete work, steel roof work, brick work, plaster work, tile work, stone work, waterproof construction, wood work, interior construction, floor work, metal work, roof work, windows construction, glazing work and paint construction. (3) 7 mechanic and fire work categories; outside trunk line work, plumbing work, air-conditioning equipment work, machine room work, city gas plumbing work, sanitation facilities and inspection & test working. (4) 4 civil work categories; wastewater work, drainage work, pavement work and other work. (5) 1 landscaping work categories; planting work. The work breakdown structure was derived from interviews with experts based on the milestones and detailed statements of existing school facilities. The analysis of precedence relations by school facilities work activity utilized PDM(Precedence Diagramming Method)which does not need a dummy and the relations were applied using FS(Finish to Start), FF(Finish to Finish), SS(Start to Start), SF(Start to Finish). The analysis of this study shows that if one work activity is delayed, the entire construction duration may be delayed because the majority of the works are FS relations. Therefore, it is necessary to use the Lag at the appropriate time to estimate the standard construction duration of the school facility construction. Lag is a term used only in the PDM method and it is used to define the relationship between the predecessor and the successor in creating the network milestone. And it means the delay time applied to the two work activities. The results of this study can reasonably estimate the standard construction duration of school facilities and it will contribute to the quality of the school facilities construction.