• 에너지공학
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.153-162
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• 2016

요르단 수출용 연구용 원자로(JRTR, Jordan Research and Training Reactor)에 사용되는 판형핵연료(Plate-type-fuel)의 부수로를 모의하는 좁은 사각 유로에서 하향류 유동 조건의 임계열유속(CHF, Critical Heat Flux) 실험 연구가 수행되었다. 실험은 연구용 원자로 인허가 요건을 만족하는 유동 조건에서 수행되었으며 크기가 다른 두 가지 시험부를 이용하였다. 두 시험부는 각각 피션몰리(Fission moly) 우라늄 타겟의 부수로와 판형핵연료의 부수로를 모의하며 모두 원형과 같은 크기로 제작되었다. 각 시험부에 대해 임계열유속 실험이 수행되었으며 이를 통해 임계열유속에 영향을 주는 변수를 분석하였다. 그리고 실험결과를 기존의 임계열유속 모델과 비교하였으며 모델의 예측 정확도를 제시하였다. 이를 통해 좁은 사각 유로 내 하향류 유동 조건에서의 임계열유속 예측에 대한 기존 모델의 적용성을 분석하였다.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제49권1호
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• pp.53-60
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• 2016

Objectives: The purpose of this study is to examine the magnitude of and the factors associated with the downward mobility of first-episode psychiatric patients. Methods: This study used the claims data from the Korean Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service. The study population included 19 293 first-episode psychiatric inpatients diagnosed with alcohol use disorder (International Classification of Diseases, 10th revision [ICD-10] code F10), schizophrenia and related disorders (ICD-10 codes F20-F29), and mood disorders (ICD-10 codes F30-F33) in the first half of 2005. This study included only National Health Insurance beneficiaries in 2005. The dependent variable was the occurrence of downward mobility, which was defined as a health insurance status change from National Health Insurance to Medical Aid. Logistic regression analysis was used to assess factors associated with downward drift of first-episode psychiatric patients. Results: About 10% of the study population who were National Health Insurance beneficiaries in 2005 became Medical Aid recipients in 2007. The logistic regression analysis showed that age, gender, primary diagnosis, type of hospital at first admission, regular use of outpatient clinic, and long-term hospitalization are significant predictors in determining downward drift in newly diagnosed psychiatric patients. Conclusions: This research showed that the downward mobility of psychiatric patients is affected by long-term hospitalization and medical care utilization. The findings suggest that early intensive intervention might reduce long-term hospitalization and the downward mobility of psychiatric patients.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제37권5호
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• pp.345-349
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• 2005

Objective: Anterior screw fixation provides the best anatomical and functional results for type II odontoid process fracture (type II-A, II-N, and II-P) with intact transverse ligament. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the usefulness of the 4.5mm diameter, cannulated Herbert screw in anterior screw fixation. Methods: From Jan. 2003 to Feb. 2004, consecutive 10cases of type II odontoid process fractures were treated with anterior screw fixation using a Herbert screw. The Herbert screw has double threads, with different pitches on the distal and proximal ends. It has no head, so it can be inserted through articular cartilage and buried below bone surface. It was originally developed for treating scaphoid fractures. Results: There were 8male and 2female patients whose ages ranged from 15 to 67years (mean 42.1years). The fracture type was type II-A in 4patients, II-N in 3 patients, and II-P in 3 patients. The fracture line was oblique downward and backward in 6cases, oblique downward and forward in 1 case, and horizontal in 3cases. The range of follow-up was 5 to 18months (mean 12months). Bone fusions were achieved in all cases without any instrumental failures or postoperative complications. Conclusion: The Herbert screw is very useful in anterior fixation for type II odontoid process fracture. This series showed successful results also in type II-A odontoid fracture when treated with the Herbert screw, but further more studies are required.

• 사상체질의학회지
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.53-62
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• 2009

1. Objectives The purpose of this study is to find the ground why constitution must be classified into 4 types. 2. Methods I analysed the basic presuppositions to class 4 Type Constitution in Sasang Constitutional Medicine(SCM). And I connected the presuppositions with other theories from the viewpoint of directional properties of human body. 3. Results and Conclusions The most important presupposition to class 4 Type Constitution and apply to clinical therapy in SCM is that there is native strength and weakness of lung's Exhale Dispersing Qi, liver's Inhale Gathering Qi, spleen's Ascending Yin Qi and kidney's Descending Yang Qi. If there is superior tendency of Qi flow direction in human body, 6 directions(upward, downward, forward, backward, outward and inward) will be remarkable. But, in embryonic period, the outer skin is originated from the back(ectoderm) and the alimentary canal is from the front(endoderm). Therefore 4 directions(upward, downward, outward and inward) will be more remarkable, and those directions are included in the former presupposition.

• 한국사회복지학
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• 제61권2호
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• pp.33-60
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• 2009

본 연구는 대한주택공사(KNHC)의 국민임대주택 거주자들의 퇴거 이후 주거이동 유형이 상향이동되었는가 혹은 수평 하향이동되었는가를 비교분석하여 국민임대 주택이 무주택 저소득 가구의 주거 상향이동에 실제로 기여를 하고 있는가 살펴보았다. 연구대상은 충북 청주시 국민임대주택 입주 후 2년이 경과한 세 단지의 2007년 1년간 퇴거자 333명을 대상으로 하여 전화설문조사를 실시하였고, 분석방법은 "주거면적"과 "주거비용"에 따른 주거이동 유형(하향이동, 수평이동, 상향이동)을 종속변수로 하고 개인 및 가족환경과 경제적 환경을 독립변수로 하여 빈도분석, 교차분석, 다중회귀분석을 활용하였다. 분석결과 입주 전과 거주 당시보다 "주거비용"에 있어서 상향이동 된 가구의 비율은 76.4%, 수평이동 1.6%, 하향이동 22%로 나타났고, "주거면적"에 있어서는 상향이동 61.8%, 수평이동 16.5%, 하향이동 19.7%로 나타났다. 주거상향이동에 영향을 주는 변수로는 가구 내 소득자의 수, 직업, 학력으로 나타났고, 소득과 연령, 부양가족 여부는 영향이 미미한 것으로 나타났다. 이상의 결과를 바탕으로 효과적인 국민임대주택의 공급을 위해 첫째, 주거이동 유형에 따라 나타나는 다양한 가구 특성을 반영해야 하며 둘째, 주거 상향이동을 위한 연속적인 주거정책 프로그램을 위한 국민임대주택단지의 자족기능 강화를 제언하였다.

• 한국운동역학회지
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.43-50
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• 2014

The purpose of this study was to analyze of the GRF (ground reaction force) parameters according to the change of positions and weights of bag during downward stairs between dominant and non-dominant in upper & lower limbs. To perform this study, participants were selected 9 healthy women (age: $21.40{\pm}0.94yrs$, height: $166.50{\pm}2.68cm$, body mass: $57.00{\pm}3.61kg$, BMI: $20.53{\pm}1.03kg/m^2$), divided into 2 carrying bag positions (dominant arm/R, non-dominant arm/L) and walked with 3 type of bag weights (0, 3, 5 kg) respectively. One force-plate was used to collect GRF (AMTI OR6-7) data at a sample rate of 1000 Hz. The variables analyzed were consisted of the medial-lateral GRF (Fx), anterior-posterior GRF (Fy), vertical GRF (Fz), impact loading rate and center of pressure (COPx, COPy, COP area, COPy posterior peak time) during downward stairs. 1) The Fx, Fy, Fz, COPx, and COP area of GRF were not statistically significant between dominant leg and non-dominant leg, but non-dominant leg, that is, showed the higher COPy, and showed higher impact loading rate than that dominant leg during downward stairs. 2) In bag wearing to non-dominant arm, Fx, Fz, COPx, COPy, impact loading rate and COP area showed increase tendency according to increase of bag weights. Also, against bag wearing to dominant arm, non-dominant showed different mechanism according to increase of bag weights. The Ground Reaction Force parameters showed different characteristics according to the positions and weights of bag during downward stairs between dominant and non-dominant arm.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.185-191
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• 1990

낙동강 하구호의 부영양화와 관련된 인의 순환과정을 구명하기 위해 낙동강 하구호에서 인의 침강과정에 대한 연구를 수행하였다. sediment trap에 포집된 침강성 물질의 침강 플럭스는 중층 및 저층에서 각각 $296g/m^2/d$, $955g/m^2/d$, 침강속도는 1.25m/hr, 3.31m/hr이었고, 인의 침강 플럭스는 중, 저층에서 각각 $0.64g/m^2/d$, $1.97g/m^2/d$, 침강속도는 0.85m/hr, 1.89m/hr이었다. 침강성 물질에 존재하는 POP의 총린에 대한 존재비율은 중층에서 $51.9\%$, 저층에서는 $48.3\%$로 나타났다. 이상의 결과에서 부영양화 모델을 낙동강 하구호에서 적용할 경우 기존의 인의 침강속도 가정치에 대한 보정이 반드시 행해져야 함을 알 수 있다.

• International Journal of Ocean Engineering and Technology Speciallssue:Selected Papers
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.14-21
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• 2002

In the present paper, the hydrodynamic properties of a Rahmen-type, flexible, porous breakwater interacting with obliquely or normal- incident small amplitude waves are numerically investigated. This system is composed of dual vertical porous membranes, hinged at the side edges of a submerged horizontal membrane. The dual vertical membranes are extended downward and hinged at seabed. The effects of permeability, Rahmen-type membrane breakwater geometry, pre-tensions on membranes, relative dimensionless wave number, and incident wave headings are thoroughly examined.

• 한국기계가공학회지
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• 제14권6호
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• pp.111-121
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• 2015

The objective of this study is to develop an automatic object changer unit to improve changing process problems existing in the conventional horizontal machining center. In order to perform this objective, an upward and downward traverse unit was designed. This unit consists of a motor, reducer, chain and sprocket wheel, and an upper and lower base. This automatic object changer unit performs a sliding contact motion in a purpose built and designed frame. Constraint conditions for the upward and downward traverse unit were first designed. Then, an operation mechanism was designed and introduced as the sum of the kinetic energy for the sprocket wheel and the upper and lower base and which was based on the moment of inertia, which is the kinetic energy of the converted upward and downward traverse unit in the side of the reducer. The paper covers the design of th e Automatic Pallet Changer for th e machining center.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제32권6호
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• pp.1945-1950
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• 2011

The pyridinolysis of methyl phenyl phosphinic chloride is investigated kinetically in acetonitrile at -20.0 $^{\circ}C$. The Hammett and Br${\o}$nsted plots for substituent X variations in the nucleophiles are biphasic concave downwards with a break point at X = H, and unusual positive ${\rho}_X$ (= 2.94) and negative ${\beta}_X$ (= -0.48) values are obtained for the strongly basic nucleophiles. A stepwise mechanism with a rate-limiting step change from bond breaking for the weakly basic pyridines to bond formation for the strongly basic pyridines is proposed on the basis of biphasic concave downward Hammett and Br${\o}$nsted plots. Unusual positive ${\rho}_X$ and negative ${\beta}_X$ values are rationalized by the isokinetic relationship. The pyridinolyses and anilinolyses of four $R_1R_2$P(=O)Cl-type substrates, dimethyl, diethyl, methyl phenyl, and diphenyl phosphinic chlorides in acetonitrile are compared to obtain systematic information on phosphoryl transfer reaction mechanism. The combination of the two ligands, Me and Ph, shows unexpected kinetic results for both the anilinolysis and pyridinolysis: greatest magnitude of $k_H/k_D$ (= 2.10) involving deuterated anilines $[XC_6H_4NH_2(D_2)]$ for the anilinolysis, and exceptionally fast rate and biphasic concave downward free energy correlation for the pyridinolysis.