• Journal of the Semiconductor & Display Technology
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.37-44
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• 2020

In improving laser cutting of optical plastic films for mass production of optoelectronics display units, it is important to understand particle contamination over optical film surface due to fume particle generation and dispersion. This numerical study investigates the effects of downward and upward air flow motions on fume particle dispersion around laser cut line. The simulations employ random particle sampling of up to one million fume particles by probabilistic distributions of particle size, ejection velocity and angle, and fume particle dispersion and surface landing are predicted using Basset-Boussinesq-Oseen model of low Reynolds number flows. The numerical results show that downward air flow scatters fume particles of a certain size range farther away from laser cut line and aggravate surface contamination. However, upward air flow pushes fume particles of this size range back toward laser cut line or sucks them up with rising air motion, thus significantly alleviating surface contamination.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.367-385
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• 1988

In case of skeletal Class III malocclusion with underdeveloped maxilla, the extraoral orthopedic force for the stimulation of maxillary growth or anterior reposition of the maxilla has been used clinically for the improvement of facial skeletal relationship. The purpose of this investigation was to examine the initial reaction of maxillofacial complex to the maxillary protraction by using extraoral orthopedic force. The dried human skull was used and this investigation was done by means of double exposure holographic interferometry. The protraction forces placed on the canine or the first molar were parallel, $10^{\circ}$ downward, $20^{\circ}$ downward to the occlusal plane. Fringe pattern of each protraction condition was compared and analized. The results were as follows: 1. Each maxillofacial bone displaced saparately. 2. More displacement was shown at the area of the teeth and the alveolar bone. 3. A counterclockwise rotation of the maxilla wa decreased by downward protraction and especially 20 degree downward protraction from the canine showed least rotation. 4. On the zygomatic arch, outward bend was observed and this effect was decreased by downward protraction. 5. On the zygomatic bone, the counter clockwise rotation was increased by the downward protraction. 6. When maxillary expansion was applied at the same time, outward and upward displacement with counterclockwise rotation was observed on the maxilla. 7. The lateral pterygoid plate of sphenoid bone was affected by maxillary protraction.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Precision Engineering Conference
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• 2012.05a
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• pp.241-242
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• 2012

• Journal of Nuclear Fuel Cycle and Waste Technology(JNFCWT)
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.279-287
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• 2021

For application in nuclear decommissioning, underwater laser cutting studies were conducted on thick stainless-steel plates for various cutting directions using a 6 kW fiber laser. For cutting along the horizontal direction with horizontal laser irradiation, the maximum cutting speed was 110 mm·min^-1 for a 48 mm thick stainless-steel plate. For cutting along the vertical direction with horizontal laser irradiation, a maximum speed of 120 mm·min^-1 was obtained for the same thickness, which confirmed that the cutting performance was similar but slightly better. Moreover, when cutting with vertically downward laser irradiation, the maximum cutting speed was 120 mm·min^-1 for a plate of the same thickness. Thus, the cutting performance for vertical irradiation was nearly identical to that for horizontal irradiation. In conclusion, it was possible to cut thick stainless-steel plates regardless of the laser irradiation and cutting directions, although the assist gas rose up due to buoyancy. These observations are expected to benefit laser cutting procedures during the actual dismantling of nuclear facilities.

• Journal of Welding and Joining
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.484-490
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• 2002

The formation and stability of stationary laser weld keyholes were investigated using a numerical simulation. The effect of multiple reflections in the keyhole was estimated using the ray tracing method, and the free surface profile, flow velocity and temperature distribution were calculated numerically. In the simulation, the keyhole was formed by the displacement of the melt induced by evaporation recoil pressure, while surface tension and hydrostatic pressure opposed cavity formation. A transition mode having the geometry of the conduction mode with keyhole formation occurred between the conduction and keyhole modes. At laser powers of 500W and greater, the protrusion occurred on the keyhole wall, which resulted in keyhole collapse and void formation at the bottom. Initiation of the protrusion was caused mainly by collision of upward and downward flows due to the pressure components, and Marangoni flow had minor effects on the flow patterns and keyhole stability.bility.

• Proceedings of the KWS Conference
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• 2002.10a
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• pp.644-651
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• 2002

The formation and stability of stationary laser weld keyholes are investigated using a numerical simulation. The effect of multiple reflections in the keyhole is estimated using the ray tracing method, and the free surface profile, flow velocity and temperature distribution are calculated numerically. In the simulation, the keyhole is formed by the displacement of the melt induced by evaporation recoil pressure, while surface tension and hydrostatic pressure oppose cavity formation. At laser powers of 500W and greater, the protrusion occurs on the keyhole wall, which results in keyhole collapse and void formation at the bottom. Initiation of the protrusion is caused mainly by collision of upward and downward flows due to the pressure components.

• Journal of Welding and Joining
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.54-60
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• 2015

Laser-arc hybrid welding has been considered as an effective pipe girth welding process since early 2000's. Tolerance for fit-up offsets such as gap and edge misalignment is one of most important requirements in pipe girth laser-arc hybrid welding, and several approaches using parameter optimization, a laser beam scanning and an arc oscillation have been tried. However the required offset tolerance has not been fully accomplished up to now and laser-arc hybrid welding has not been widely applied in pipeline construction than expected, despite of its high welding speed and deep penetration. In this study, internal welding was adopted to ensure the offset tolerance and sound back bead. The effect of welding parameters on bead shape was investigated at the flat position. Also tolerances for gap and edge misalignment were verified as 0.5 mm and 2.0 mm, respectively. The position welding trials were conducted at several welding positions from the flat to the overhead position in a downward direction. With the fixed welding speed, arc current for gas metal arc welding current and laser output power, adequate welding voltages for gas metal arc welding were suggested for each position.

• ETRI Journal
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• v.25 no.6
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• pp.531-534
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• 2003

This report describes the effect of optical delay on the suppression of the power transient excursion in a combined gain-controlled erbium-doped fiber amplifier with an internal optical feedback loop (OFL). A simple homogeneous model showed that the optical delay caused a phase change in the oscillation of the surviving and laser channels, which resulted in a reduction of the overall power transient excursion. In addition to the reduction, a real system with a 1528.7-nm OFL shifted the oscillation upward or downward according to channel removal or addition, whereas another one with a 1560.9-nm OFL did not. This different transient behavior reflected a control-wavelength dependence on optical automatic gain control, where spectral-hole burning dominated over relaxation oscillation for 1528.7 nm, and vice versa for 1560.9 nm.

• Proceedings of the Optical Society of Korea Conference
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• 2002.07a
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• pp.242-243
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• 2002

From the dispersion relation of an electromagnetic (EM) wave propagating through plasmas, w$\^$2/ = w$\sub$p/$\^$2/＋c$\^$2/k$\^$2/ the phase velocity (w/k) of the wave is large at high density where w$\sub$p/ is large, and small at low density Therefore, when a laser pulse is located on a downward density gradient of a plasma wave, the phase velocity of the back of the pulse becomes faster than that of the front of the pulse and the pulse wavelength decreases. (omitted)

• 유체기계공업학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2006.08a
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• pp.517-518
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• 2006

Transient and asymmetric density distributions have been investigated by three-dimensional digital speckle tomography with a novel integration method. Multiple CCD images captured movements of speckles in three angles of view simultaneously because the flows were asymmetric and unsteady. The speckle movements which have been formed by a ground glass between no flow and downward butane flow from a circular half opening have been calculated by a cross-correlation tracking method so that those distances can be transferred to deflection angles of laser rays for density gradients. A novel integration method has been developed to obtain projection data from the deflection angles for the speckle tomography.'The three-dimensional density fields have been reconstructed from the accurate projection values by a real-time multiplicative algebraic reconstruction technique (MART) with the developed integration method.