• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.18 no.6
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• pp.410-414
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• 1995

Adaptive response induced by low dese .gamma.-ray irradiation in human cervical carcinoma cells was examined. Cells were exposured to low dose of .gamma.-ray irradiation in human cervical carcinoma cells was examined. Cells were exposured to low dose of .gamma.-ray (1-cGy) followed by high doses of r-ray irradiation (0,1,2,3,5,7 and 9Gy for chlnogenic assay or 1.5Gy for micronucleus assay) with various time intervals. Survival fractions of cells in both low dose-irradiated and unirrated groups were analyzed by clonogenic assay. Surviva fractions of low dose-irradiated in cell survival was maximum when low and high dose irradiation time interval was 4 hr. Frequencies of micronuclei which is an indicative of chromosome aberration were also enutained from survival fractions analyzed by clonogenic assay, maximum when low and high dose irradiation time interval was 4hr. Frequencies of micronuclei which is an indicative of chromosome aberration were also enumerated in both low dose-irradiated and unirradiated groups. In consiststent with the result obtained from survival fractions analyzed by clonogenic assay, maximum reduction in frquencies of micronuclei was observed when low dose radiation was given 4 hr prior to high response to subsequent high dose .gamma.-ray irradiation in human cervical carcinomal cells. Our data suggest that one of the possible mechanisms of adaptive response induced by low dose rediation is the increase in repair of DNA double strand breaks in low dose radiation-adapted cells.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
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• v.13 no.7
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• pp.941-946
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• 2019

Computed tomography (CT) has been increasing in frequency and indications for use in clinical diagnosis and treatment decisions. Multidetector CT has the advantage of shortening the inspection time and obtaining a high resolution image compared to a single detector CT, but has been pointed out the disadvantage of increasing the radiation exposure. In addition, when the low tube voltage is used to reduce the exposure dose in the CT, noise increases relatively. In the existing method, the method of finding the optimal image quality using the method of adjusting the parameters of the image reconstruction method is not a fundamental measure. In this study, we applied a double-tree complex wavelet algorithm and analyzed the results to maintain the normal signal and remove only noise. Experimental results show that the noise is reduced from 8.53 to 4.51 when using a complex oriented 2D method with 100kVp and 0.5sec rotation time. Through this study, it was possible to remove the noise and reduce the patient dose by using the optimal noise reduction algorithm. The results of this study can be used to reduce the exposure of patients due to the low dose of CT.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.110-118
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• 2016

Background: Nefopam is a non-opioid, non-steroidal, centrally acting analgesic drug. The concomitant use of opioids and nefopam is believed to have many advantages over the administration of opioids alone for postoperative pain management. We conducted a randomized, double-blind study to determine the fentanyl-sparing effect of co-administration of nefopam with fentanyl for postoperative pain management via patient controlled analgesia (PCA). Methods: Ninety female patients who underwent laparoscopic total hysterectomy under general anesthesia were randomized into 3 groups, Group A, fentanyl $1,000{\mu}g$; Group B, fentanyl $500{\mu}g$ + nefopam 200 mg; and Group C, fentanyl $500{\mu}g$ + nefopam 400 mg, in a total volume of 100 ml PCA to be administered over the first 48 h postoperatively without basal infusion. The primary outcome was total fentanyl consumption during 48 h; secondary outcomes included pain scores and incidence of side effects. Results: Eighty-one patients were included in the analysis. The overall fentanyl-sparing effects of PCA with concomitant administration of nefopam during the first 48 h postoperatively were 54.5% in Group B and 48.9% group C. Fentanyl use was not significantly different between Groups B and C despite the difference in the nefopam dose. There were no differences among the three groups in terms of PCA-related side effects, although the overall sedation score of Group B was significantly lower than that of Group A. Conclusions: The concomitant administration of nefopam with fentanyl for postoperative pain management may allow reduction of fentanyl dose, thereby reducing the risk of opioid-related adverse effects.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.240-244
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• 2004

A recent randomized and double-blind placebo-controlled clinical study bas indicated that Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharides (GLP) decrease blood glucose in patients with type II diabetes. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of the GLP extract in alloxan-induced diabetic rats. Oral administration of GLP at 0.25, 0.5 and 1.0 g/kg for 4 weeks resulted in a reduction of blood glucose levels by 12.5, 18.7 and 33.7% respectively, while glibenclamide treatment brought the hyperglycemic value down to normal. The hyperglycemic effect was supported by a significant decrease in glycosylated haemoglobin and increased plasma insulin levels (p<0.01) in a dose- and time-dependent manner. This study showed that GLP has similar hypoglycemic effects as glibenclamide in alloxan-induced diabetic rats.

• The Journal of Korean Society for Radiation Therapy
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.87-99
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• 2016

Purpose : This study will evaluate the clinical utility by applying clinical schematic that uses monoenergy or dual energy as according to the location of tumors to the stereotactic radiotherapy to compare the change in actual dose given to the real tumor and the dose that locates adjacent to the tumor. Materials and Methods : CT images from a total of 10 patients were obtained and the clinical planning were planned based on the volumetric modulated arc therapy on monoenergy and dual energy. To analyze the change factor in the tumor, Comformity Index(CI) and Homogeneity Index(HI) and maximum dose quantity were each calculated and comparing the dose distribution on normal tissues, $V_{10}$ and $V_5$, first ~ fourth ribs closest to the tumor ($1^{st}{\sim}4^{th}$ Rib), Spinal Cord, Esophagus and Trachea were selected. Also, in order to confirm the accuracy on which the planned dose distribution is really measured, the 2-dimensional ion chamber array was used to measure the dose distribution. Results : As of the tumor factor, CI and HI showed a number close to 1 when the two energies were used. As of the maximum dose, the front chest wall showed 2% and the dorsal tumor showed equivalent value. As of normal tissue, the front chest wall tumors were reduced by 4%, 5% when both energies were used in the adjacent rib and as of trachea, reduced by 11%, 17%. As of the dose in the lung, as of $V_{10}$, it reduced by 1.5%, $V_5$ by 1%. As of the rear chest wall, when both energies were used, the ribs adjacent to the tumors showed 6%, 1%, 4%, 12% reduction, and in the lung dose distribution, $V_{10}$ reduced by 3%, and $V_5$ reduced by 3.1%. The dose measurement in all energies were in accordance to the results of Gamma Index 3mm/3%. Conclusion : It is considered that rather than using monoenergy, utilizing double energy in the clinical setting can be more effectively applied to the superficial tumors.

• Korean Journal of Radiology
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• v.19 no.6
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• pp.1119-1129
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• 2018

Objective: To compare the image quality of low-tube-voltage and low-iodine-concentration-contrast-medium (LVLC) computed tomography urography (CTU) with iterative reconstruction (IR) with that of conventional CTU. Materials and Methods: This prospective, multi-institutional, randomized controlled trial was performed at 16 hospitals using CT scanners from various vendors. Patients were randomly assigned to the following groups: 1) the LVLC-CTU (80 kVp and 240 mgI/mL) with IR group and 2) the conventional CTU (120 kVp and 350 mgI/mL) with filtered-back projection group. The overall diagnostic acceptability, sharpness, and noise were assessed. Additionally, the mean attenuation, signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR), and figure of merit (FOM) in the urinary tract were evaluated. Results: The study included 299 patients (LVLC-CTU group: 150 patients; conventional CTU group: 149 patients). The LVLC-CTU group had a significantly lower effective radiation dose ($5.73{\pm}4.04$ vs. $8.43{\pm}4.38mSv$) compared to the conventional CTU group. LVLC-CTU showed at least standard diagnostic acceptability (score ${\geq}3$), but it was non-inferior when compared to conventional CTU. The mean attenuation value, mean SNR, CNR, and FOM in all pre-defined segments of the urinary tract were significantly higher in the LVLC-CTU group than in the conventional CTU group. Conclusion: The diagnostic acceptability and quantitative image quality of LVLC-CTU with IR are not inferior to those of conventional CTU. Additionally, LVLC-CTU with IR is beneficial because both radiation exposure and total iodine load are reduced.

• Korean Journal of Head & Neck Oncology
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.182-186
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• 2000

The reduction of the postoperative wound pain has been a concern in recent surgery, especially in various types of minimally-invasive surgeries. This study was performed to evaluate the postoperative analgesic effect of the preincisional local anesthesia with the mixture of ketorolac(Tarasyn) and bupivacaine to the surgical site in minimally-invasive thyroid surgeries. Of 491 patients who were scheduled for minimally-invasive thyroid surgeries between October 1999 and July 2000, 244 were randomly assigned to receive a mixture of ketorolac tromethamine 15mg(0.5ml) and 0.25% bupivacaine 3ml via surgical site infiltration 3 minutes prior to the skin incision. The outcomes of these patients were compared to those of the 247 controls. Total number of patients in need of post-operative analgesic requirements(n=39, 16.0%), total dose of postoperative analgesics used($19.6{\pm}8.4mg$ of ketorolac) and Visual Analogue Pain Score(VAS, $2.6{\pm}1.2$) of the preincisional local anesthesia group were significantly lower than those of the control group(p<0.05). The mean postoperative hospital stay was $1.6{\pm}0.4$ days for the preincisional local anesthesia group versus $1.9{\pm}0.7$ days for the control group. The preincisional local infiltration of ketorolac and bupivacaine in the minimally invasive thyroidectomies reduces postoperative wound pain thus would be more beneficial to the patients.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.88-99
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• 2001

Objectives : This study was performed to determine if Orostachys japonicus A. Berger aquacupuncture (OjB) provides the protective effect against the loss of celi viability and DNA damage induced by oxidant in renal proximal tubular cells. Methods : The cell viability was evaluated by a MTT reduction assay and DNA damage was estimated by measuring double stranded DNA breaks in opossum kidney (OK) cells, an established proximal tubular cell line. Lipid peroxidation was determined by measuring malondialdehyde (MDA), a product of lipid peroxidation. Results : $H_2O_2$ increased the loss of cell viability in a time-dependent manner, which were prevented by 0.1% OjB. The protective effect of OjB was dose-dependent over concentration range of 0.05-0.5%. $H_2O_2$ caused ATP depletion and DNA damage, which were prevented by OjB and the hydrogen peroxide scavenger catalase. The loss of cell viability by $H_2O_2$ was not affected by the antioxidant DPPD, but lipid peroxidation by the oxidant was completely inhibited by DPPD. Conclusions : These data suggest that $H_2O_2$-induced death results from a lipid peroxidation-independent mechanism and the protective effect of OjB is not associated with its antioxidant activity.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.80-83
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• 1972

The activity change of lysozyme resulted from its exposure to $Ti-H_2O_2$system in aqueous liquid at room temperature and to ${\gamma}$-irradiation in ice at $195^{\circ}K$ has been measured at room temperature with a Cary-14 spectrophotometer. The enzymatic activity of lysozyme which had been added to a previously flow-mixed solution of $TiCl_3$ and $H_2O_2$ (System I) was compared with the activity of a lysozyme-$H_2O_2$ solution after flow-mixing with $TiCl_3$ (System II), considering the differences between these two activity changes as the extent of the enzymatic inactivation by the involvement of OH radical reaction. The fraction of lysozyme inactivated by OH radical in the system containing 0.0025 M $TiCl_3-0.1M$ $H_2O_2$ (ph 3.5) was 13%, When the $TiCl_3$ concentration is double (pH 3.0), the fraction of enzyme inactivated increases to 36%. The activity of the system containing 0.025 M $TiCl_3-0.1$ M $H_2O_2$ (pH 1.5) was essentially zero. The results seem to support the previos view that the production of OH radical should be proportional to $TiCl_3$ concentration when $H_2O_2$ is present in excess. Increase in the extent of inactivation found in system I with increasing $TiCl_3$ concentration may be due to a pH effect. $H_2O_2$ seems to be less effective than $TiCl_3$ in the inactivation. 1% lysozyme solution, when ${\gamma}$-irradiated with a total dose of 3M rads, loses about 20% of its activity. Lowering of temperature also was found to yield a reduction in enzymatic activity.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.171-187
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• 2007

Objectives : This study was performed to determine if Orostachys japonicus A. Berger herbal acupuncture (OjB) provides the protective effect against the loss of cell viability and DNA damage induced by oxidant in renal proximal tubular cells. Methods : The cell viability was evaluated by a MTT reduction assay and DNA damage was estimated by measuring double stranded DNA breaks in opossum kidney (OK) cells, an established proximal tubular cell line. Lipid peroxidation was determined by measuring malondialdehyde (MDA), a product of lipid peroxidation. Results : H2O2 increased the loss of cell viability in a time-dependent manner, which were prevented by 0.1% OjB. The protective effect of OjB was dose-dependent over concentration range of 0.05-0.5%. H2O2 caused ATP depletion and DNA damage, which were prevented by OjB and the hydrogen peroxide scavenger catalase. The loss of cell viability by H2O2 was not affected by the antioxidant DPPD, but lipid peroxidation by the oxidant was completely inhibited by DPPD. Generation of superoxide and H2O2 in neutrophils activated by phorbol-12,13-dibutyrate was inhibited by OjB in a dose-dependent manner. OjB inhibited generation of H2O2 in OK cells treated with antimycin A and exerted a direct H2O2 scavenging effect. Exposure of OK cells to 1 mM tBHP caused a significant depletion of glutathione which was prevented by OjB. OjB accelerated the recovery in cells cultured for 20 hr in normal medium without oxidant following oxidative stress. Conclusions : These results suggest that OjB exerts the protective effect against oxidant-induced cell injury and its protective effect was resulted from radical scavenging and antioxidant activities.