• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제49권6호
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• pp.367-375
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• 2016

Objectives: The established theory that breast density is an independent predictor of breast cancer risk is based on studies targeting white women in the West. More Asian women than Western women have dense breasts, but the incidence of breast cancer is lower among Asian women. This meta-analysis investigated the association between breast density in mammography and breast cancer risk in Asian women. Methods: PubMed and Scopus were searched, and the final date of publication was set as December 31, 2015. The effect size in each article was calculated using the interval-collapse method. Summary effect sizes (sESs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated by conducting a meta-analysis applying a random effect model. To investigate the dose-response relationship, random effect dose-response meta-regression (RE-DRMR) was conducted. Results: Six analytical epidemiology studies in total were selected, including one cohort study and five case-control studies. A total of 17 datasets were constructed by type of breast density index and menopausal status. In analyzing the subgroups of premenopausal vs. postmenopausal women, the percent density (PD) index was confirmed to be associated with a significantly elevated risk for breast cancer (sES, 2.21; 95% CI, 1.52 to 3.21; $I^2=50.0%$). The RE-DRMR results showed that the risk of breast cancer increased 1.73 times for each 25% increase in PD in postmenopausal women (95% CI, 1.20 to 2.47). Conclusions: In Asian women, breast cancer risk increased with breast density measured using the PD index, regardless of menopausal status. We propose the further development of a breast cancer risk prediction model based on the application of PD in Asian women.

• 한국소음진동공학회논문집
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• 제18권6호
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• pp.624-631
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• 2008

This study evaluates the impact of aircraft noise on people's health using the Todai health index(THI). A questionnaire survey was conducted in the vicinity of Gimpo International Airport in Seoul, South Korea, from August 8th to September 9th, 2005. The survey area was divided into three groups based on different aircraft noise levels : area (1) for $80{\sim}85$ WECPNL, area (2) for $75{\sim}80$ WECPNL and area (3) for less than 75 WECPNL. In each area, approximately 200 respondents were sampled. Twelve scale scores of THI are converted to dichotomous variables based on scale scores of 90 percentile value or 10 percentile value in the control group. Logistic regression analysis taking twelve scores converted as the dependent variables and WECPNL(area), age, gender as the independent variables is conducted. Significant dose-response relationships are found in the scale of MOUT, DEPR, NERV, LIFE. Factor analysis was carried out and 2 factors are extracted. Those two factors might be called the "somatic factor" and the "mental factor". The dose-response relationship between two factors and noise seems to be unclear. Unexpectedly the odds ratio of the menatl factor in area (2), where the noise exposure level is lower than that of the area (1), is the highest and the annoyance in this area is also higher than area (1).

• 멤브레인
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.138-146
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• 2017

새로운 형태의 페녹시-카르복시레이토페녹시기가 함께 치환된 포스파젠 고분자를 여러 치환율을 가지고 합성하였다. 이러한 형태의 포스파젠 고분자를 이용해 당뇨병 진단막을 제조하여 혈액 속의 글루코우즈의 농도를 변화시켜가며 680 nm에서의 흡광도를 측정하였다. 기본적으로 흡광도가 시간에 따라 변화하는 양(K/S)과 글루코우즈의 농도가 직선적인 관계를 가지는 것으로 나타났다. 소수성기인 페녹시기와 친수성기인 카르복시레이토페녹시기의 치환율이 글루코우즈 농도 측정에 미치는 영향을 조사하였다. 친수성기의 치환율이 10% 이하인 경우에는 글루코우즈의 침투속도가 너무 느려 글루코우즈의 농도 측정이 어려웠다. 그러나 친수성기의 치환율이 10% 이상으로 증가함에 따라 글루코우즈의 농도와 K/S의 기울기 값(Dose-Response Slope : DRS)이 점차 증가하였다. 하지만 친수성기의 치환율이 30% 이상일 경우에는 글루코우즈가 너무 빨리 침투하여 DRS가 급격히 증가하였다.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• 제25권5호
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• pp.691-696
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• 2002

Doxorubicin (DOX) is an active and broad spectrum chemotherapeutic agent. Increased inducible nitric oxide synthase (NOS) expression and/or activity have been reported in several human tumors. While the relationship between DOX treatment and the enzymatic activity of endothelial NOS has been well characterized, little is known about the effects of DOX on the expression of iNOS in human cancer cells. In the present study, we characterized the effects of DOX on the nitric oxide (NO) production by colorectal cancer cells, DLD-1. IFN-${\gamma}$/IL-1$\beta$ (CM) increased the production of NO, whereas pretreatment of DOX inhibited the production of NO in response to CM in a dose dependent manner. The increased expressions of iNOS mRNA and protein by CM were completely blocked by DOX without affecting the iNOS mRNA stability. However, DOX activated nuclear factor-kB (NF-kB) in response to CM. Furthermore, the expression of inhibitor kB$\alpha$ was reduced by DOX in a dose dependent manner. Collectively, DOX inhibited the production of NO by DLD-1 cells, which is not linked to well known transcription factor, NF-kB. Therefore, further studies on the possible mechanisms of inhibitory effects of NO production by DOX would be worth pursuing.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.291-299
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• 1989

Na and Ca effects on contracture were studied in order to estimate Na/Ca exchange ratio in the isolated atrial muscle of the rabbit. All experiments were performed in tris-buffered Tyrode solution which was being aerated with 100% $O_2\;and\;kept\;at\;37^{circ}C$. To load intracellular $Na^+,\;10{-6}M$ ouabain or K-free solution were used. Contractures were induced by brier exposure of atrial muscle to Tyrode solution containing various concentrations of Ca or of Na. The results obtained were as follows: 1 ) Increasing the extracellular Ca concentration, the amplitude of contracture also increased and was maximum at 8 mM Ca-Tyrode solution. 2) The relationship between extracellular Ca concentrations and relative amplitude of the contractures showed hyperbolic pattern. By using Hill plot, the line has the slope of 1 12 which means the number of Ca binding sites of the carrier in the cell membrane. 3) The amplitude of the contracture was maximum in 0 mM Na-Tyrode solution and decreased in dose dependent manner when the Na concentration increased. 4) When the relationship between extracellular Na concentrations and the amplitude of contractures was expressed as dose-response curve, the curve showed sigmoid pattern. The line with the slope of 2.82 was obtained by using Hill plot. 5) From above all the results, it is suggested that exchange ratio of Na and Ca via Na/ca exchange system in the atrial muscle of rabbit could be 3:1 approximately.

• 대한방사선치료학회지
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.123-129
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• 2010

목 적: 방사선 치료의 선량평가를 위해 사용되는 Optically stimulated luminescent dosimeters (OSLD) 선량 특성을 분석하여, 선량 측정의 유용성을 알아보고자 한다. 대상 및 방법: $NanoDot^{TM}$와 $Inlight^{TM}$MicroStar Reader, Solid Water Phantom, 의료용 선형가속기 $TRYLOGY^{(R)}$를 사용하였다. 측정 조건은 OSLD를 Solid Water Phantom의 $D_{max}$ 깊이에 위치시킨 후 SSD는 100 cm, Field size는 $10{\times}10\;cm^2$로 하고 300 MU/min으로 6 MV 광자선, 100 cGy의 방사선을 조사하였다. OSLD를 10분 마다 판독하면서 변화값을 측정하였고, OSLD에 선량을 50 cGy와 100 cGy씩 누적시켜 판독하였다. 또한 에너지 의존성은 6 MV, 15 MV, 4~20 MeV를 사용하였다. 선량률은 100~1,000 MU/min로 변화시키면서 측정하였다. 광자선 6 MV의 PDD의 변화를 측정하기 위해 OSLD와 전리함(Ionization chamber) (FC 65P-747)을 사용하였다. 결 과: 시간의 경과에 따른 OSLD의 재현성은 ${\pm}2.5%$였다. OSLD의 선량에 대한 선형성(linearity)을 평가한 결과 300 cGy까지는 선형적으로 증가하였고, 300 cGy 이상에서는 초선형적(supralinearity)으로 증가하였다. 에너지 의존성은 ${\pm}2%$ 이내였고 선량율 의존성은 ${\pm}3%$ 이내였다. 6 MV 광자선에 대하여 OSLD로 측정한 $PDD_{10}$은 66.7%, $PDD_{20}$은 38.4%였고 전리함(Ionization chamber)으로 측정한 $PDD_{10}$은 66.6%, $PDD_{20}$은 38.3%였다. 결 론: OSLD의 특성을 분석한 결과 시간, 에너지, 선량률의 변화에 따른 차이는 ${\pm}3%$ 이내였으며 전리함(Ionization chamber)과 비교한 PDD는 0.3% 이내였다. 또한 300 cGy까지는 선량이 선형적으로 증가하였다. OSLD는 여러 번 반복 측정이 가능하였고 측정과 판독이 용이하여 선량계로서 유용성을 확인하였다.

• IMMUNE NETWORK
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• 제4권4호
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• pp.244-249
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• 2004

Background: Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone (CRH), an important regulator of stress response, has a potent immunoregulatory effect with the ability to promote the growth of various cancer through CRH receptor type 1 under stress. Although the metastasized cancers through cell migration are more aggressive than the primary cancers, little is known about the effect of CRH on cell migration. Gastric cancer is prone to metastasize to other tissues and it is reported that gastric cancer is response to various stresses such as oxidative stress. Herein, we studied the relationship between CRH and gastric cancer cell migration. Methods: We used gastric cancer cell line, MKN-28 and tested the CRH receptor type 1 expression on MKN-28 by RT-PCR. To examine the change in the ability of migration by CRH in MKN-28, cells were incubated with CRH and then migration ability was measured using a cell migration assay. Results: We confirmed that CRH receptor type 1 was expressed in MKN-28 and HaCaT cells. The migration ability of MKN-28 cells was increased by CRH in a time-, dose- dependent manner. Conclusion: These data suggest that CRH increases migration ability in gastric cancer cell line and that CRH may be a critical regulator in the metastasis of gastric cancer cell.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.291-298
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• 1988

The effect of Vanadate on the isometric contraction, membrane potential and intracellular calcium ion activities of rabbit myocardial cells were investigated, using calcium selective microelectrode, filled with neutral calcium ion carrier, ETH-1001. The resting tension, the membrane potential and the intracellular calcium ion activities were recorded in normal Tyrode solution and compared with those in the contracture induced by 10 mM Vanadate. The following results were obtained: 1. The dose-response relationship between the contraction of Vanadate and twitch tension showed near-maximum response in 5mM with no corresponding changes in action potential. 2. The resting tension increased up to the amplitude of a control twitch in 10mM Vanadate with resting membrane potential, hyperpolarized. 3. Increase in intracellular calcium ion activities proceeded the contracture by 10mM Vanadate which were restored to the control level in accordance with a decrease of intracellular calcium ion activities. 4. The amplitude of contractures by 10mM Vanadate were 90-120% of the control twitch tension in which the intracellular calcium ion activities were increased about 70 times from p Ca, 7.1 in the control to p Ca, 5.8 in contractures.

• 한국응용약물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국응용약물학회 1993년도 제2회 신약개발 연구발표회 초록집
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• pp.174-174
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• 1993

목적: Cinnamic acid의 유도체들중에서 항돌연변이 효과가 보고된 바 있어, 본 연구에서는 E. coil PQ37균주를 사용한 SOS chromotest를 이용하여 약 170개 cinnamic acid의 유도체들의 항돌연변이 효과를 확인하고자 하였고, 1차로 확인된 수종의 유도체들에 대한 결과를 보고하고자 한다. 방법: SOS chromotest는 sul A:: lacz fusion strain 인 E. coli PQ37 에서의 chemical로 인한 DNA damage에 대한 SOS response를 $\beta$-galactosidase enzyme activity level로서 측정하는 실험이며, m-RNA 또는 protein synthesis에 대한 test chemicals의 cytotoxic저해효과를 알아보기 위하여 alkaline phosphatase를 병행측정하여 보완하였다. 결과 및 고찰: (－)S－9 경우는 4-nitroquinoline 1-oxide(4-NQO)를 유도물질로 하였으며 대략 Induction factor가 9.7 정도였고, (＋)S－9의 경우는 aflatoxinB$_1$을 유도물질로 하였고 이때의 Induction factor는 13.8 정도였다. 이결과 1차로 test된 cinnamic acid유도체 6개중에서 RK001, RK002, RK003, RK004, RK005는 거의 항돌연변이 효과를 나타내지 않았으나, RK006은 항돌연변이 효과를 보여주어 이들의 Structure-Activity Relationship (SAR) 및 Dose-response와 RK006의 항돌연변이 효과의 mechanism에 관해 M13 mp2 viral DNA의 유전자 염기서열을 이용하여 항돌연변이 기전연구를 수행중이다.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제13권9호
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• pp.4777-4781
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• 2012

Objective: To investigate the relationship between the efficacy and safety of different doses of thalidomide (Thal) plus dexamethasone (Dex) as the initial therapy in elderly patients with newly diagnosed multiple myeloma (MM). Methods: Clinical data of 28 elderly patients with newly diagnosed MM who underwent the TD regimen as the initial therapy were analyzed retrospectively. The patients were divided into two groups according to the maximal sustained dose of Thal: lower dose (group A) and higher dose (group B). The overall response rate (ORR), progression free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS), and adverse events (AES) were compared between the two groups. Results: A total of 28 patients were followed up with a median of 18 months. The ORR was 60.1%. The median response time and PFS were 2.0 and 17.0 months, respectively. The mean sustained dose of Thal in group B was significantly higher than group A (292.9 mg v 180.4 mg, P=0.01). There was no significantly difference in ORR (57.1% v 64.3%, P=1.00) and PFS (9.63months v 17.66 months, P=0.73) between groups A and B. During the follow up, only five patients died (<40%) and, therefore, median OS values were not available. It is estimated, however, that the mean survival time in the two groups was 35.6 and 33.4 months (P>0.05), respectively. All of the patients tolerated the treatment well. The incidence of AES in patients with a grading above 3 in group B was significantly higher than in group A (P=0.033). Conclusions: The TD regimen results in a high response rate and manageable AES as the initial therapy in elderly patients with MM. TD should be considered as the front line regimen for the treatment of elderly patients with MM in areas with financial constraints. The clinical response can be achieved at a low dose Thal with minimal toxicity.