• 대한방사선기술학회지:방사선기술과학
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• 제38권4호
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• pp.483-489
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• 2015

현대의 의료용 방사선 발생장치는 영상을 저장하고 전송하기 위해 의료영상 표준규격으로 Digital image communications in medicine(DICOM)을 채택하고 있다. DICOM 규격에서는 피폭선량 정보 표시를 위해 DICOM dose Structured Report(DICOM dose SR)를 표준으로 제정하여 사용하고 있다. 이와 더불어 DICOM Modality Performed Procedure Step(DIOCM MPPS) 정보와 DICOM tag 정보에서도 부분적인 피폭선량 정보를 표시하고 있다. 본 연구에서는 DICOM과 관련된 피폭선량정보 표시방법에 대해 고찰하고 의료정보 시스템간의 상호연동 테스트를 위한 Integrating the Healthcare Enterprise(IHE)의 Radiation Exposure Monitoring(REM) 프로파일에 대해 살펴보았다. 의료기관에서 의료방사선피폭선량정보에 대한 품질관리를 위해서는 DICOM 정보에서 표시되는 피폭선량 정보형식에 대한 이해가 반드시 수반되어야 하고 장비도입 단계에서 관련 규격에 대한 검토가 이루어져야 한다.

• 방사성폐기물학회지
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.243-253
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• 2021

In the dismantling process of a reactor coolant system (RCS) piping, a radiation protection plan should be established to minimize the radiation exposure doses of dismantling workers. Hence, it is necessary to estimate the individual effective dose in the RCS piping dismantling process when decommissioning a nuclear power plant. In this study, the radiation exposure doses of the dismantling workers at different positions was estimated using the MicroShield dose assessment program based on the NUREG/CR-1595 report. The individual effective dose, which is the sum of the effective dose to each tissue considering the working time, was used to estimate the radiation exposure dose. The estimations of the simulation results for all RCS piping dismantling tasks satisfied the dose limits prescribed by the ICRP-60 report. In dismantling the RCS piping of the Kori-1 or Wolsong-1 units in South Korea, the estimation and reduction method for the radiation exposure dose, and the simulated results of this study can be used to implement the radiation safety for optimal dismantling by providing information on the radiation exposure doses of the dismantling workers.

• 한국임상약학회지
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.36-38
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• 2011

We report an unusual case of respiratory depression and prolonged apnea after the second dose of 100-mg intravenous tramadol. Due to continuous pain at foley catheter keep site, intravenous tramadol was administered to the patient. Soon after the second dose of tramadol injection, the patient became apneic. The patient did not respond to verbal command and started exhibiting oxygen desaturation. The patient was quickly treated with 100% oxygen, and it took 4 hours for the spontaneous respiration to return to regular. This case report demonstrates that even two doses of tramadol administered intravenously may manifest as sudden and prolonged apnea. Respiratory depression with tramadol has been reported in patients with impaired renal functions and Cytochrome P(CYP) 2D6 gene duplication.

• 한국의학물리학회지:의학물리
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.42-46
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• 2018

The purpose of this study was to perform a survey of the radiation shielding design goals (P) and workload (W) based on the radiation safety reports concerned with structural shielding design for the IMRT treatment technique in Tomotherapy vaults. The values of the P and W factors as well as of a verified concrete thickness of the ceiling, bottom, sidewalls (sidewall-1 and sidewall-2), and door have been obtained from radiation safety reports for a total of 16 out of 20 vaults. The recommended and most widely used report for P values was the NCRP No. 151 report, which stated that the P factor in controlled and uncontrolled areas was 0.1 and 0.02 mSv/week, respectively. The range of the W factor was 600~14,720 Gy/week. The absorbed dose delivered per patient was 2~3 Gy. The maximum number of patients treated per day was 10~70. The quality assurance (QA) dose was 100~1,000 Gy/week. Fifteen values of the IMRT factor (F) were mostly used but a maximum of 20 values was also used. The concrete thickness for primary structures including the ceiling, bottom, sidewalls, and door was sufficient for radiation shielding. The P and W factors affect the calculation of the structural shielding design, and several parameters, such as the absorbed dose, patients, QA dose, days and F factor can be varied according to the type of shielding structure. To ensure the safety of the radiation shielding, it is necessary to use the NCRP No. 151 report for the standard recommendation values.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• 제43권1호
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• pp.16-20
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• 2018

Graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) is frequent complications of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. In the chronic GVHD (cGVHD), the oral cavity is the most commonly affected region. The clinical manifestations include erythema, ulceration, lichenoid-hyperkeratotic change in oral mucosa, dry mouth, and limitation of mouth opening. The initial treatment strategy of oral cGVHD patients is topical corticosteroid therapy in various formulation. However, corticosteroid resistance appears in some patients. We report a case of a 25-year-old male patient with oral cGVHD, who has resistance to topical corticosteroid medication, treated with 0.03% tacrolimus ointment and low-dose doxycycline. The patient showed subjective and objective improvement without side effect.

• 대한방사선기술학회지:방사선기술과학
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• 제38권1호
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• pp.51-61
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• 2015

모든 방사선 검사는 검사를 결정하고 실행하는 과정에서 정당성이 확보되어야하고 피폭선량과 영상의 화질에 대한 최적화가 이루어져야 할 뿐만 아니라 ALARA의 원칙에 따라 최소의 방사선을 사용하여 최적의 임상 정보를 얻을 수 있어야 한다. CT 검사는 방사선 검사 중에서 많은 피폭을 환자에게 조사하는 검사이다. 특히 방사선 민감도가 높은 소아 환자의 CT 검사 있어서는 특별한 주의가 필요하다. 임상에서 CT선량에 대한 정확한 이해와 정보는 환자에게 불필요한 방사선 피폭을 줄이고 안전한 검사를 제공하기 위해 절대적으로 필요하다. 이에 본 연구에서는 여러 선행 연구의 고찰을 통하여 CT의 피폭선량에 대한 개념을 확인하고 CT장치의 선량 저감화를 위한 각 파라미터의 이해와 American Association of Physicists in Medicine (AAPM)report 204에서 소개하고 있는 환자의 사이즈에 따른 피폭선량의 보정방법인 Size-Specific Dose Estimates(SSDE)와 XR 25의 개념을 이해하고자 한다.

• 방사성폐기물학회지
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• 제2권3호
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• pp.155-164
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• 2004

사용후핵연료의 효율적인 관리를 위하여 원자력연구소에서 개발중인 사용후핵연료 차세대관리 종합공정(ACP)은 공정타당성연구 단계를 마치고 이의 실증을 위한 $\alpha$-${\gamma}$ type핫셀 건설 단계에 이르렀다. 핫셀의 설계에 앞서 사용후핵 연료를 취급하게 되는 과정에서 발생할 수 있는 방사능에 대한 환경영향평가를 정상운전 시와 사고발생 시로 나누어 수행하였다. 평가에 필요한 자료들은 공정의 개념설계 보고서와 최근 연구소부지 기상 테이터 및 부지특성 자료를 바탕으로 하였으며 기존의 유사한 시설에 대한 평가방법을 참조하였다. 각 핵종별 발생량과 방출량을 계산하여 피폭선량을 계산하였으며 평가결과 원자력법관련 규제기준과 핫셀이 위치하게 되는 IMEF 건물의 안전성분석 기준보다 매우 안전한 결과를 얻어 시설 운영에 대한 안전성을 확보하였다.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.657-665
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• 2017

본 연구의 목적은 핵의학검사를 하는 수검자(환자)의 유효선량(mSv)을 손쉽게 산출할 수 있는 전용 프로그램을 제작 보급하여 핵의학검사의 피폭선량 연구와 선량정보 공개를 위해 조력하고자 한다. 프로그램은 ICRP 80, 106 Report와 추록4에 수록되어 있는 방사성의약품의 방사능당 유효선량(mSv/MBq)을 Database로 만든 다음 5가지(Area, Clark, Solomon(Fried), Webster, Young) 소아주입량 산출법과 7가지 체표면적 산출법이 적용되도록 Microsoft의 Visual Basic(In Excel)으로 제작하였다. 프로그램은 수검자의 연령, 방사성핵종, 표지화합물, 그리고 인체주입량을 입력하면 유효선량(mSv)이 산출된다. 소아의 경우 연령 입력 시 소아산출법이 활성화 되며 적용할 소아산출법을 선택하면 된다. 그리고 소아산출법 중 Area법을 선택하는 경우 체표면적산출법을 고르는 선택창이 활성화 된다. 그런 다음 성인의 주입량을 입력하면 소아의 주입량과 유효선량(mSv)이 자동으로 산출된다. 본 연구에서 제작한 핵의학검사의 환자 유효선량 계산 프로그램은 실제 계측선량이 아니지만 핵의학 검사 시 받게 되는 인체의 내부피폭선량을 가장 근접하게 산출할 수 있는 도구로서 의미가 있다. 향후 프로그램의 활용도를 높이기 위해 모바일기기에서 사용할 수 있는 애플리케이션으로 제작하여 일반인도 쉽게 접근할 수 있도록 할 것이다.

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제49권1호
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• pp.1-10
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• 2023

Low-dose radiation exposure has received considerable attention because it reflects the general public's type and level of exposure. Still, controversy remains due to the relatively unclear results and uncertainty in risk estimation compared to high-dose radiation. However, recent epidemiological studies report direct evidence of health effects for various types of low-dose radiation exposure. In particular, international nuclear workers' studies, CT exposure studies, and children's cancer studies on natural radiation showed significantly increased cancer risk among the study populations despite their low-dose radiation exposure. These studies showed similar results even when the cumulative radiation dose was limited to an exposure group of less than 100 mGy, demonstrating that the observed excess risk was not affected by high exposure. A linear dose-response relationship between radiation exposure and cancer incidence has been observed, even at the low-dose interval. These recent epidemiological studies include relatively large populations, and findings are broadly consistent with previous studies on Japanese atomic bomb survivors. However, the health effects of low-dose radiation are assumed to be small compared to the risks that may arise from other lifestyle factors; therefore, the benefits of radiation use should be considered at the individual level through a balanced interpretation. Further low-dose radiation studies are essential to accurately determining the benefits and risks of radiation.

• Imaging Science in Dentistry
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• 제46권2호
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• pp.103-108
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• 2016

Purpose: The current study investigates the feasibility of a platform for a nationwide dose monitoring system for dental radiography. The essential elements for an unerring system are also assessed. Materials and Methods: An intraoral radiographic machine with 14 X-ray generators and five sensors, 45 panoramic radiographic machines, and 23 cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) models used in Korean dental clinics were surveyed to investigate the type of dose report. A main server for storing the dose data from each radiographic machine was prepared. The dose report transfer pathways from the radiographic machine to the main sever were constructed. An effective dose calculation method was created based on the machine specifications and the exposure parameters of three intraoral radiographic machines, five panoramic radiographic machines, and four CBCTs. A viewing system was developed for both dentists and patients to view the calculated effective dose. Each procedure and the main server were integrated into one system. Results: The dose data from each type of radiographic machine was successfully transferred to the main server and converted into an effective dose. The effective dose stored in the main server is automatically connected to a viewing program for dentist and patient access. Conclusion: A patient radiation dose monitoring system is feasible for dental clinics. Future research in cooperation with clinicians, industry, and radiologists is needed to ensure format convertibility for an efficient dose monitoring system to monitor unexpected radiation dose.