• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제4권5호
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• pp.375-382
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• 2010

The precise effects of protein intake on fractional synthesis rate (FSR) of muscle protein are still under debate. The sample size of these studies was small and the conclusions in young and elderly subjects were inconsistent. To assess the effect of dietary protein intake on the FSR level, we conducted a meta-analysis of controlled protein intake trials. Random-effects models were used to calculate the weighted mean differences (WMDs). Ten studies were included and effects of short-term protein intake were evaluated. In an overall pooled estimate, protein intake significantly increased the FSR (20 trials, 368 participants; WMD: 0.025%/h; 95%CI: 0.019-0.031; P < 0.0001). Meta-regression analysis suggested that the protein dose was positively related to the effect size (regression coefficient = 0.108%/h; 95%CI: 0.035, 0.182; P = 0.009). A subgroup analysis indicated that protein intake significantly increased FSR when the protein dose was ${\leq}$ 0.80 g/kg BW (16 trials, 308 participants; WMD: 0.027%/h; 95%CI: 0.019-0.031; P < 0.0001), but did not affect FSR when the protein dose was > 0.80 g/kg BW (4 trials, 60 participants; WMD: 0.016%/h; 95%CI: 0.004-0.029; P = 0.98). In conclusion, this study is the first integrated results showing that a short-term protein intake is effective at improving the FSR of muscle protein in the healthy elderly as well as young subjects. This beneficial effect seems to be dose-dependent when the dose levels of protein range from 0.08 to 0.80 g/kg BW.

• 환경생물
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.257-261
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• 1999

저선량 방사선 조사가 땅콩 “팔팔” 품종 종자의 발아율과 초기생육 및 수량에 미치는 효과를 알아보고자 ${\gamma}$선을 0.5~20.0 Gy 까지 조사하여 포장에 직파재배하였다. 땅콩 종자의 발아율은 저선량 조사에 의해 별다른 효과가 없었으나 유묘초장은 저선량 조사구에서 다소 양호하였다. 수량구성요소 중협수와 종실수 및 종자수량은 12.0 Gy 조사구에서 가장 높았으며, 대조구에 비해 각각 27%와 17% 및 19% 유의성있게 증가하였다. 100립중은 4.0 Gy 조사구가 87.2g으로 대조구의 78.3g에 비해 11%정도 증가하여 저선량 조사에 의해 땅콩 수량이 유의성있는 증가효과를 보였다.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제30권3호
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• pp.245-255
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• 2021

In this study, we evaluated the effect of the type of sewage sludge (digested, non digested) on drying efficiency according to the polymer injection rate. The drying characteristics were shown using a near-infrared ray (NIR) and a microwave. As a result of the drying characteristics with NIR at a polymer dose ratio of 8%, the heating up period is up to 6 minutes after the start of the drying experiment. Afterwards, the constant rate drying period of the digested sludge (A, C and G sites) was 6 minute → 18 minute, showing a rapid decrease in moisture. On the other hand, non digested sludge (B, D, E, F, H, I, J and K sites) showed gradual drying characteristics compared to digested sludge until complete drying (10%). As the polymer dose ratio of 10% and 12%, the heating up period for digested sludge is up to 6 minute after the start of the experiment. Afterwards, the constant rate drying period of the digested sludge was 6 minute → 20 minute, showing a rapid decrease in moisture. On the other hand, the heating up period of non digested sludge was up to 10 minute after the start of the experiment, and the constant rate drying period was 10 minute → 22 minute, which was shorter than digested sludge. As a result of the drying characteristics with microwave at a polymer dose ratio of 8%, 10% and 12%, the constant rate drying period the digested sludge was 4 minute → 20~22 minute, showing a rapid decrease in moisture. On the other hand, non digested sludge of the constant rate drying period was 4 minute → 22~30 minute, which was longer than digested sludge.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.11-27
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• 2002

Allogenic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation is one of the effective therapy for several hematologic malignancies. Transplantation preparative regimen is designed to eradicate the patient's underlying disease and immunosuppress the patient adequately to prevent rejection of donor's hematopoietic stem cells. So, conventional myeloablative preparative regimens with high-dose chemotherapy or radiotherapy are related to high rate of morbidity and mortality. However, It has become clear that the high-dose therapy dose not eradicate the malignancy in some patients, and that the therapeutic benefit of allogenic transplantation is largely related to graft-versus-leukemia/graft-versus-tumor (GVL/GVT) effect. An new approach is to utilize less toxic, nonmyeloablative preparative regimens to achieve engraftment and allow GVL/GVT effects to develop. This strategy reduces the risk of treatment-related mortality and allows transplantation for elderly and those with comorbidities that preclude high-dose chemoradiotherapy.

• ETRI Journal
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• 제27권4호
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• pp.449-452
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• 2005

The electrical characteristics of solid state devices such as the bipolar junction transistor (BJT), metal-oxide semiconductor field-effect transistor (MOSFET), and other active devices are altered by impinging photon radiation and temperature in the space environment. In this paper, the threshold voltage, the breakdown voltage, and the on-resistance for two kinds of MOSFETs (200 V and 100 V of $V_{DSS}$) are tested for ${\gamma}-irradiation$ and compared with the electrical specifications under the pre- and post-irradiation low dose rates of 4.97 and 9.55 rad/s as well as at a maximum total dose of 30 krad. In our experiment, the ${\gamma}-radiation$ facility using a low dose, available at Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute (KAERI), has been applied on two commercially available International Rectifier (IR) products, IRFP250 and IRF540.

• 한국환경농학회지
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.328-331
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• 2000

국내에서 재배중인 옥수수 재래종 (고성, 영월)품종의 종자에 저선량 ${\gamma}$선을 조사하여 초기생육과 수량에 미치는 영향을 온실과 포장실험으로 조사하였다. 저선량 방사선 조사가 옥수수 종자발아 및 초기생육에서 뚜렷한 촉진효과를 보였으나 품종별로 다소 차이가 있었으며 고성재래종은 2 Gy, 영월재래종은 12 Gy가 가장 효과적이었다. 포장생장과 수량에서도 저선량 조사에 의해 증가하는 경향을 보였는데 적정선량은 고성재래종은 8 Gy, 영월재래종은 $4{\sim}12$ Gy 범위로 나타났다.

• 공업화학
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• 제7권5호
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• pp.946-953
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• 1996

동시조사법에 의한 아크릴산의 폴리프로필렌 부직포에 대한 그라프트 반응에서 조사량, 조사선량률, 금속염 및 용매가 그라프트 반응에 미치는 영향을 조사하였다. 같은 조사선량에서는 선량률이 낮을수록 높은 그라프트율을 나타냈다. 한편 조사선량률을 달리하여 일정 시간 동안 그라프트 반응시키면 조사선량률이 높을수록 그라프트율은 높았으며, 첨가한 금속염의 종류에 관계없이 그라프트 속도는 조사선량률의 0.74 차수에 비례하였다. 사용한 금속염 중에서 $FeSO_4{\cdot}7H_2O$가 가장 우수하였으며, 첨가제의 함량이 증가하면 할수록 그라프트율은 감소하였지만 적정농도이하에서는 그라프트용액이 고화되어 그라프트 반응시킬 수 없었다.

• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.65-68
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• 1999

This study was carried to get detailed information about the analeptic effect of yohimbine on succinylcholine muscle relaxant. Succinylcholine was administered intra- venously at a dose rate of 0.05 mg per kg of body weight and then ten minutes after the succinylcholine injection, yohimbine was administered intravenously at a dose rate of 0.1 mg per kg of body weight. The results obtained were as follows. 1. Induction time of muscle relaxation was fast and favourable as 38 seconds. 2. Mean arousal time and mean walk time were significantly shortened by yohimbine administration in the dogs immobilized with succinylcholine (p＜0.01). 3. Heart rate was slightly increased after succinylcholine administration, and increased significantly after yohimbine administration compared to the control group (p＜0.05). 4. Glucose concentration was slightly increased after succinylcholine administration, and decreased after yohimbine administration compared to the control group.

• 대한방사선치료학회지
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.1-10
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• 2012

목 적: 동적다엽콜리메이터를 이용한 세기변조방사선 치료 시 선량률 임의 변경 되었을 경우 선량 분포 차와 변화를 평가하고자 한다. 대상 및 방법: 소조사야와 대조사야의 두 가지 세기변조방사선치료계획을 임상적 치료계획시스템(Eclipse, Varian, Palo Alto, CA)을 이용하여 계획하였다. 각각의 치료계획은 선량률 100, 400, 600 MU/min으로 변화시켜 조사야별 세 종류로 치료계획을 하였다. 측정기 2D-Array (2D-Array Seven729, PTW-Freiburg)는 측정 깊이 0.5 cm를 고려하여 위로 Solid water phantom ($30{\times}30{\times}4.5cm$)와 아래로 후방산란을 고려한 Solid water phantom 5 cm 사이에 위치 시켰다. MLC-120엽을 갖춘 에너지 6 MV 선형가속기(Clinac 21EX, Varian, Palo Alto, CA)를 사용하여 실험하였다. 첫 번째로 선량률 100, 400, 600 MU/min의 치료 계획한 것을 같은 선량률로 측정 하여 각각의 기준값을 얻었다. 1) 선량률 100 MU/min일 때 임의로 200, 300, 400, 500, 600 MU/min로 변화하고, 2) 400 MU/min일 때 100, 200, 300, 500, 600 MU/min으로 변화시켰으며, 3) 600 MU/min일 때 100, 200, 300, 400, 500 MU/min를 측정하였다. 끝으로 분석 프로그램(Verisoft 3.1, PTW-Freiburg)을 이용하여 기준 값과 선량률 변화 시의 선량차와 분포를 평가 하였다. 결 과: 치료 계획한 선량률 100 MU/min, 400 MU/min, 600 MU/min을 치료 계획한 대로 측정한 기준 값은 미세한 선량차를 보였고 선량분포도 일치하였다. 이를 기준 값으로 하여 소조사야에 대해 측정한 결과 100 MU/min에서는 200, 300, 400, 500, 600MU/min으로 변경하며 측정 시 -0.8, -1.1, -1.3, -1.5, -1.6%로 선량차가 있었으며, 400 MU/min (소조사야)에서 100, 200, 300, 500, 600 MU/min일 때 +0.9, +0.3, +0.1, -0.2, -0.2%의 선량변화가 있었고, 선량률 600 MU/min (소조사야)에서는 100, 200, 300, 400, 500 MU/min으로 변경 시 +1.4, +0.8, +0.5, +0.3, +0.2%로 나타났다. 다른 한편, 대조사야에서 100 MU/min(대조사야)는 -1.3, -1.6, -1.8, -2.0, -2.4%로 조금 더 큰 감소를 보였고, 400 MU/min (대조사야)는 +2.0, +1.8, +0.5, -1.2, -1.6%의 선량변화가 있었다. 600 MU/min (대조사야)에서는 +1.5, +1.9, +1.7, +1.9, +1.2%였다. 선량률 변화에 따른 선량 차는 -2.4~+2.0%로 측정되었다. 결 론: 120-MLC를 갖춘 선형가속기를 사용하여 측정한 세기변조방사선 치료 시 선량률 변화에 따른 선량분포는 거의 변화가 없었으며 선량 차는 ${\pm}3%$ 미만이었다.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제23권6호
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• pp.1107-1117
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• 1990

The regulatory role of the post \ulcorner1-and \ulcorner2-adrenoceptors on cardiac function, particularly in coronary flow rate, was investigated in the isolated rat heart treated with 10-6 M propranolol. When introduced into the left atrium of the heart, phenylephrine[10-7-10-2 M] decreased coronary flow rate and increased mean coronary resistance in a dose related fashion, but did not affect heart rate. Methoxamine also elicited the increment of coronary resistance and the decrement of coronary flow rate, though the effects of methoxamine were weaker than those by phenylephrine. The effect of phenylephrine was inhibited by 1\ulcornerM prazosin and shifting the dose-response curve to the right. The effects of clonidine, a selective \ulcorner2-adrenoceptor agonist, were studied in the heart taken from reserpinized rats. Clonidine increased coronary resistance, decreased heart rate and coronary flow rate with a dose-dependent manner. These effects were abolished by 10-6 M yohimbine, a selective \ulcorner2-antagonist, and were not affected by 10-6M prazosin. Clonidine also decreased coronary flow and increased mean coronary resistance in electric paced heart. These effects were inhibited by rawoulscine, a selective ca-antagonist. These results indicate that the stimulation of both post \ulcorner1-and \ulcorner2-adrenoceptor causes coronary vasoconstiction. And it is inferred that this model of sympathomimetics-induced coronary vasospasm may provide a useful tool for investigating spasmolytic agents which are of benefit in the treatment of variant angina.